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Mangiferin,a natural xanthone,accelerates gastrointestinal transit in mice involving cholinergic mechanism

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第25期18卷 3207-3214页

作者： Talita Cavalcante Morais Synara Cavalcante Lopes Karine Maria Martins Bezerra Carvalho Bruno Rodrigues Arruda Francisco Thiago Correia de Souza Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan Vietla Satyanarayana Rao fl.via almeida santos Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Brazilian SemiArid Institute of BiomedicineFaculty of MedicineFederal University of CearáFortaleza 60430-270Brazil Post-Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences Faculty of MedicineFederal University of CearáFortaleza 60430-140Brazil Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Federal University of CearáFortaleza 60451-970Brazil

AIM： To investigate the effects of mangiferin on gas- trointestinal transit （GIT） in normal and constipated mice, together with the possible ***： Intragastrically-administered charcoal mealwas used to measure GIT in overnight starved Swiss mice. In the first experiments, mangiferin （3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, po） or tegaserod （1 mg/kg, ip） were administered 30 min before the char- coal meal to study their effects on normal transit. In the second series, mangiferin （30 mg/kg） was tested on delayed GIT induced by several different pharma- cological agonists （morphine, clonidine, capsaicin） or antagonists （ondansetron, verapamil, and atropine） whereas in the third series, mangiferin （30 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg） or tegaserod （1 mg/kg） were tested on 6 h fecal pellets outputted by freely fed mice. The ratio of wet to dry weight was calculated and used as a marker of fecal water content. RESULTS： Mangiferin administered orally significantly （P 〈 0.05） accelerated GIT at 30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg （89% and 93%, respectively）, similarly to 5-hydroxytrypta- mine4 （5-H%） agonist tegaserod （81%） when compared to vehicle-treated control （63%）. Co-administered man- giferin （30 mg/kg） totally reversed the inhibitory effect of opioid agonist morphine, 5-HT3-receptor antagonist ondansetron and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor agonist capsaicin on GIT, but only to a partial extent with the GIT-delay induced by ~2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine, and calcium antagonist verapamil. However, co-administered atropine completely blocked the stimulant effect of mangiferin on GIT, suggesting the involvement of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. Although mangiferin significantly enhanced the 6 h fecal output at higher doses （245.5±10.43 mg vs 161.9±10.82 mg and 227.1±20.11 mg vs 161.9±10.82 mg of vehicle-treated control, at 30 and 100 mg/ kg, P 〈 0.05, respectively）, the effect of tegaserod was more potent （297.4±7.42 mg vs 161.9±1

关键词： Mangiferin Glucosylxanthone Gastrointes-tinal transit Prokinetic action Cholinergic mechanism

α,β-amyrin, a natural triterpenoid ameliorates L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4272-4280页

作者： Caroline Mouro Melo Karine Maria Martins Bezerra Carvalho Julliana Catharina de Sousa Neves Talita Cavalcante Morais Vietla Satyanarayana Rao fl.via almeida santos Gerly Anne de Castro Brito Mariana Helena Chaves Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Biomedical Institute of Brazilian Semiarid Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Department of Morphology Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Ceará Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Federal University of Piauí

AIM: To study the benef icial effects of triterpene α,β-amyrin and the underlying mechanisms in an experimental pancreatitis model. METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced in five groups of rats (n = 8) by L-arginine (2 × 2.5 g/kg, intraperitoneal, 1 h apart) and 1 h later, they received a single oral dose of α,β-amyrin (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg),methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) and vehicle (3% Tween 80). A saline (0.9% NaCl) treated group served as a normal control. Efficacy was assessed at 24 h by determination of serum levels of amylase, lipase and proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6], pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], nitrate/nitrite levels, and the wet weight/body weight ratio. Tissue histology and the immunoreactivity for TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) were performed. RESULTS: α,β-amyrin and methylprednisolone treatments significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the L-arginine-induced increases in pancreatic wet weight/body weight ratio, and decreased the serum levels of amylase and lipase, and TNF-α and IL-6, as compared to the vehicle control. Also, pancreatic levels of MPO activity, TBARS, and nitrate/nitrite were signifi cantly lower. Histological f indings and TNF-α and iNOS immunostaining further confirmed the amelioration of pancreatic injury by α,β-amyrin. CONCLUSION: α,β-amyrin has the potential to combat acute pancreatitis by acting as an anti-in? ammatory and antioxidant agent.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis L-arginine Cytokines Lipid peroxidation α,β-amyrin

Cardiac evaluation of renal transplant candidates with heart failure

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 44-49页

作者： Amer Ashaab Belal Alfonso Hernandez santos Jr Amir Kazory Department of Medicine Division of NephrologyUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Division of Nephrology Hypertension and Renal TransplantationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32608United States

Patients with advanced kidney disease are at elevated risk of developing heart failure and appropriate risk stratification is important to permit them to receive kidney *** American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology joint statement provides guidance on risk stratification for the major cause of heart failure for these patients in its recommendations for coronary heart *** we provide an overview of the available literature on risk strati-fication for nonischemic heart failure and functional heart disease states such as pulmonary *** of these options for optimizing these patients be-fore transplant include optimizing their volume status,often with more agg-ressive *** transplantation remains the treatment of choice for patients with advanced kidney disease and cardiac disease,the correction of the azotemic substances with kidney transplantation has been associated with imp-roved survival than remaining on dialysis *** findings in the studies reviewed here are expected to help clinicians refine current strategies for evalua-ting potential kidney transplant recipients.

关键词： Kidney transplantation Preoperative evaluation Clinical practice guidelines Heart failure Pulmonary hypertension

How does Cariniana estrellensis respond to different irradiance levels?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 31-44页

作者： fl.via Carolina santos Portela Bernardo Pretti Becacici Macieira Leonardo Valandro Zanetti Vinícius Novo Gama Diolina Moura Silva Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez Geraldo Rogério Faustini Cuzzuol Department of Biological Sciences Federal University of Espírito Santo

Based on reports that variables related to photosynthesis(net assimilatory ratio and chloroplast pigments)are more plastic than the morphological and biochemical variables in a climax tropical species,Cariniana estrellensis,under contrasting irradiance,we hypothesised that plasticity of gas exchange variables is higher in relation to growth,biochemical and anatomical *** that were 14 months old were subjected to200 up to 2000 lmol m^(-2)s^(-1) of photo synthetically active radiation(PAR)for 140 *** increased up to1400 lmol m^(-2)s^(-1)PAR and then decreased at 2000 lmol m^(-2)s^(-1) PAR(full sunlight).This was related to the rate of photosynthesis(A)which showed the same tendency as photosystem Ⅱ performance index(PI_(ABS)).The greater thickness of the secondary xylem at 1400 lmol m^(-2)s^(-1) PAR indicated a higher water conductance *** decrease in specific leaf area,elongation of mesophyll cells,and increase in stomatal density observed at higher irradiances were associated with higher leaf fructose and sucrose *** concluded that the better growth in partial shade was due to higher photosynthetic *** the other hand,photosynthesis was inhibited equally in full sun and deep *** high adjustment capacity of *** to wide amplitudes of irradiance was provided by greater plasticity of gas exchange variables in relation to growth,anatomical,and biochemical variables.

关键词： Anatomy Ecophysiology Gas exchange Phenotypic plasticity Soluble carbohydrates

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura induced by intestinal tuberculosis in a liver transplant recipient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第25期20卷 8304-8308页

作者： Renata dos santos Lugao Marina Pamponet Motta Matheus Freitas Cardoso de Azevedo Roque Gabriel Rezende de Lima fl.via de Azevedo Abrantes Edson Abdala flair José Carrilho Daniel Ferraz de Campos Mazo Hepatology Branch Clinical DivisionDepartment of GastroenterologyUniversity of S?o Paulo School of Medicine S?o Paulo 05403-000Brazil Liver and Gastrointestinal Transplant Division Department of GastroenterologyUniversity of S?o Paulo School of MedicineS?o Paulo 05403-000 Brazil Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases University of S?o Paulo School of Medicine S?o Paulo 05403-000 Brazil

A variety of clinical manifestations are associated directly or indirectly with tuberculosis. Among them, haematological abnormalities can be found in both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of the disease. We report a case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) associated with intestinal tuberculosis in a liver transplant recipient. The initial management of thrombocytopenia, with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, was not successful, and the lack oftuberculosis symptoms hampered a proper diagnostic evaluation. After the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis and the initiation of specific treatment, a progressive increase in the platelet count was observed. The mechanism of ITP associated with tuberculosis has not yet been well elucidated, but this condition should be considered in cases of ITP that are unresponsive to steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, especially in immunocompromised patients and those from endemic areas.

关键词： Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Tuberculosis Liver transplant Thrombocytopenia Intestinal tuberculosis

The Influence of Geometry on the fluid Dynamics of Continuous Settler

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Open Journal of fluid Dynamics 2020年第3期10卷 164-183页

作者： fl.via Daylane Tavares de Luna Andhros Guimarães da Silva Ardson dos santos vianna Júnior Federal Institute of Sã o Paulo—IFSP Cubat&atilde o Brazil Department of Chemical Engineering Polytechnic School University of S&atilde o Paulo S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

Settlers are broadly used by industries for separating components with different densities, because they show operational facilities and high efficiency. As they use the action of gravity, they can treat great quantities of effluents with lower energy expenditure. However, the performance of the settler depends on the streamlines inside the equipment, which, in turn, are influenced by the characteristics of the suspended solids, the geometry, and dimensions of the tank. In this paper, the effect of the settler geometry properties on the hydrodynamic in a vertical circular cylindrical tank was investigated. The evaluated parameters were the feed pipe design, the dimensions of the piece of equipment, and the structure of settler bottom. The numerical simulations were performed using the package ANSYS-CFX 16.0. It was considered a turbulent, isothermal, and stationary flow. The Euler-Euler multiphase model and BSL-RSM model turbulence were applied. The recirculation zones were influenced by the separation tank geometrical form. The modification of the feed pipe in the original project reduced the mixture inside the feedwell. The increase of the sedimentation tank diameter improved the performance of water and solid separation, elevating the efficiency by 10.48%, whilst the increase of the tank depth reduced the separation efficiency by 16.72%, in comparison to the original project.

关键词： Settler Design Multiphase flow Sedimentation Efficiency Circulation

Chemical Composition of the Cashew Apple Bagasse and Potential Use for Ethanol Production

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2012年第4期2卷 519-523页

作者： fl.via Cristina dos santos Lima flávio Luiz Honorato da Silva Josivanda Palmeira Gomes José Mariano da Silva Neto Department of Chemical Engineering Center of Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of Campina GrandeCampina GrandeBrazil Department of Chemical Engineering Center of TechnologyFederal University of ParaibaJoao PessoaBrazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Center of Science and TechnologyFederal University of Campina GrandeCampina GrandeBrazil

On the world scene, the energy requirements are mainly based on fossil fuels, however, these compounds reserves are finite and their exploitation has caused serious environmental problems. As a consequence, the demand for alternative renewable sources has been intensified in substitution the rising demand for energy and raw materials. The biomass is emerging as one of the few sources that have potential to meet these challenges of sustainability, as is currently the largest energy resource in the world, and only carbon-rich material available on the planet, apart from fossils. Form, the cashew crop has great potential for technological development of alternative sources of energy, from its industrial waste processing cashew adding value to the product. In this sense, this paper aims to study the characterization of the cashew apple bagasse and to verify (by acid prehydrolysis) the potential of this material for ethanol production. Initially it was carried out physicochemical characterization of cashew bagasse used (pH, moisture content, soluble solids, sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Following it was carried prehydrolysis at 105℃ for 1h to obtain fermentable sugars. Analyses of the samples were carried out on HPLC the results showed the saccharification of biomass with glucose (1537.49 mg/L), xylose (3823.22 mg/L) and arabinose (7131.11 mg/L) as well as the capacity of the biomass for ethanol production.

关键词： Pre-Hydrolyze Ethanol Cashew Apple Bagasse

Numerical Study on the Effect of Submerged Depth on the Horizontal Plate Wave Energy Converter

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China Ocean Engineering 2014年第5期28卷 687-700页

作者： flávio Medeiros SEIBT Eduardo Costa COUTO Elizaldo Domingues dos santos Liércio André ISOLDI Luiz Alberto Oliveira ROCHA Paulo Roberto de Freitas TEIXEIRA Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio Grande96203-900 Rio Grande RS Brazil Mechanical Engineering Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul90050-170 Porto Alegre RS Brazil

The growing search for clean and renewable energy sources has given rise to the studies of exploring sea wave energy. This paper is concerned with the numerical evaluation of the main operational principle of a submerged plate employed for the conversion of wave energy into electrical one. The numerical model used to solve the conservation equations of mass, momentum and transport of volume fraction is based on the finite volume method （FVM）. In order to tackle with the flow of mixture of air-water and its interaction with the device, the multiphase model volume of fluid （VOF） is employed. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of a numerical model for improvement of the knowledge about the submerged plate wave energy converter, as well as the investigation of the effect of the distance from the plate to the bottom of the sea （HP） on the performance of the converter. The simulations for several distances of the plate from the seabed show that the optimal efficiency is 64%, which is obtained for HP=0.53 m （88% of the depth）. This efficiency is 17% larger than that found in the worst case （HP=0.46 m, 77% of the depth）.

关键词： numerical simulation submerged plate wave energy conversion efficiency

Characterization and Potential Evaluation of Residues from the Sugarcane Industry of Rio Grande do Sul in Biorefinery Processes

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Natural Resources 2018年第5期9卷 175-187页

作者： Grazielle Machado Fernando santos Douglas Faria Taiane Nunes de Queiroz flá via Zinani José Humberto de Queiroz Fernando Gomes Instituto do Petró leo e dos Recursos Naturais Pontif&iacute cia Universidade Cató lica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Centro de Estudos em Biorrefinaria Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Escola Polité cnica Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos S&amp amp o Leopoldo Brazil Departamento de Bioquí mica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Vi&amp amp osa Vi&amp amp osa Brazil Instituto de florestas Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Serop&eacute dica Brazil

Brazil is the world largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) leading to a great generation of residues such as bagasse and straw, which represent two thirds of sugarcane energetic potential. Regarding these residues energetic potential, it is interesting to study their application in biorefinery processes. Thus, this work aimed at performing a chemical characterization of sugarcane straw and bagasse from RB867515 cultivar grown in Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil aiming at their use as feedstock in biorefinery processes. The obtained results were compared to data from other states and it was possible to conclude that edaphoclimatic conditions of Rio Grande do Sul have little influence in sugarcane residues chemical composition. Sugarcane bagasse presents larger potential for energetic use because of its volatiles content (74.82%) slightly higher than straw (68.90%), besides its high lignin content (21.85%) and higher calorific value (18.70 MJ/kg). Both sugarcane residues produced in Rio Grande do Sul have potential use as substrate in the obtainment of high value-added products from their cellulosic fractions (41.30% and 37.25%, respectively). The evaluation of energetic and chemical potential of sugarcane bagasse and straw produced in Rio Grande do Sul leads to the conclusion that these materials have high potential for use as feedstock in biorefineries.

关键词： Saccharum officinarum Straw Bagasse Biomass