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EVOKE： A VALUE-DRIVEN CONCEPT SELECTION METHOD FOR EARLY SYSTEM DESIGN

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2018年第1期27卷 46-77页

作者： Marco bertoni Alessandro bertoni Ola Isaksson GKN Aerospace Sweden AB Trollhättan Sweden

The development of new technologically advanced products requires the contribution from a range of skills and disciplines, which are often difficult to fred within a single company or organization. Requirements establishment practices in Systems Engineering （SE）, while ensuring coordination of activities and tasks across the supply network, fall short when it comes to facilitate knowledge sharing and negotiation during early system design. Empirical observations show that when system-level requirements are not available or not mature enough, engineers dealing with the development of long lead-time sub-systems tend to target local optima, rather than opening up the design space. This phenomenon causes design teams to generate solutions that do not embody the best possible configuration for the overall system. The aim of this paper is to show how methodologies for value-driven design may address this issue, facilitating early stage design iterations and the resolution of early stage design trade-offs. The paper describes how such methodologies may help gathering and dispatching relevant knowledge about the ＇design intent＇ of a system to the cross-functional engineering teams, so to facilitate a more concurrent process for requirement elicitation in SE. The paper also describes EVOKE （Early Value Oriented design exploration with KnowledgE maturity）, a concept selection method that allows benchmarking design options at sub-system level on the base of value-related information communicated by the system integrators. The use of EVOKE is exemplified in an industrial case study related to the design of an aero-engine component. EVOKE＇s ability to raise awareness on the value contribution of early stage design concepts in the SE process has been further verified with industrial practitioners in ad-hoc design episodes.

关键词： Requirements elicitation concept selection systems engineering value-driven design,decision-making knowledge maturity

Modulation of the magnetic properties of gold-spinel ferrite heterostructured nanocrystals

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Nano Research 2020年第3期13卷 785-794页

作者： Elvira Fantechi Claudia Innocenti Giovanni bertoni Claudio Sangregorio Francesco Pineider INSTM and Dept of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of PisaPisa 56124Italy ICCOM-CNR Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic CompoundsSesto Fiorentino 50019Italy INSTM and Dept of Chemistry aU.Schiffnt University of FlorenceSesto Fiorentino 50019Italy IMEM-CNR Institute of Materials for Electronics and MagnetismParma 43124Italy CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze Modena 41125Italy

The rational design of complex nanostructures is of paramount importance to gain control over their chemical and physical ***,magnetic-plasmonic heterostructured nanocrystals have been recognized as key players in nanomedicine as multifunctional therapeutic-diagnostic tools and in *** we show how the properties of gold-iron oxide heterostructured nanocrystals can be tuned by chemical doping of the magnetic *** divalent cations in the iron oxide were substituted with cobalt and manganese to obtain a general formula Au-MFe2O4(M=Fe,Co,Mn).Magnetic properties of the heterostructures could be tuned,while maintaining well-defined plasmon resonance signatures,confirming the dual magnetic-plasmonic functional capability of these nanostructures.

关键词： heterostructured nanocrystals seeded-growth spinel ferrites magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles

Economic and Qualitative Traits of Italian Alps Saffron

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第6期12卷 1542-1550页

作者： Alessandra MANZO Sara PANSERI Danilo bertoni Annamaria GIORGI Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont.-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Economics Management and Quantitative Methods-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production Landscape Agroenergy-Università degli Studi di Milano

Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632(2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality(I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction(SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.

关键词： Crocus sativus L. Alps ISO 3632 UV– Vis spectrophotometry SPME-GC/MS HPLC

Neural crest derived stem cells from dental pulp and tooth-associated stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 373-381页

作者： Alessandra Pisciotta Laura.bertoni Antonio Vallarola Giulia Bertani Daniela Mecugni Gianluca Carnevale Department of Surgery MedicineDentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in TransplantOncology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Life Sciences University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Azienda USL-Institute and Health Care(IRCCS)di Reggio Emilia Reggio EmiliaItaly

The peripheral nerve injuries,representing some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system,are highly invalidating for the patients besides being a huge social *** peripheral nervous system owns a higher regenerative capacity than does central nervous system,mostly depending on Schwann cells intervention in injury repair,several factors determine the extent of functional outcome after *** on the injury type,different therapeutic approaches have been investigated so *** grafting and Schwann cell transplantation have represented the gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries,however these approaches own limitations,such as scarce donor nerve availability and donor site *** based therapies might provide a suitable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration,in fact,the ability of different stem cell types to differentiate towards Schwann cells in combination with the use of different scaffolds have been widely investigated in animal models of peripheral nerve injuries in the last *** pulp is a promising cell source for regenerative medicine,because of the ease of isolation procedures,stem cell proliferation and multipotency abilities,which are due to the embryological origin from neural *** this article we review the literature concerning the application of tooth derived stem cell populations combined with different conduits to peripheral nerve injuries animal models,highlighting their regenerative contribution exerted through either glial differentiation and neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects on the host tissue.

关键词： glial differentiation human dental pulp stem cells nerve regeneration neural crest neuroprotection tooth

Treatment of active steroid-refractory inflammatory bowel diseases with granulocytapheresis: Our experience with a prospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2201-2204页

作者： Bresci Giampaolo Parisi Giuseppe bertoni Michele Mazzoni Alessandro Scatena Fabrizio Capria Alfonso U.O. di Gastroenterologia U.O. di Immunoematologia Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Pisana PisaItaly

AIM： To report our experience with the use of granulocytapheresis （GCAP） in 14 patients with active steroid-refractory inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） in order to evaluate its efficacy in achieving remission and maintaining a long lasting symptom-free period. METHODS： The activity of the disease was evaluated by clinical activity index （CAI） and endoscopic index （EI） in ulcerative colitis （UC）, while by Crohn＇s disease activity index （CDAI） in Crohn＇s disease （CD）. The patients were treated using the AdacolumnTM system, an adsorption column which selectively binds to granulocytes and monocytes. One session/week of GCAP was performed for 5 wk. Steroids were stopped during apheresis. RESULTS： All the patients completed the five-week course showing no complications. At the end of the last session, 93% of patients showed a clinical remission of the disease that persisted for 6 too. Nine months after the end of the treatment, 60% of the cases maintained remission, while 23% of the patients were still in clinical remission after 12 too. CONCLUSION： Even if the number of our patients with steroid-refractory IBDs was not big, we can assert that GCAP is well tolerated and effective, especially in the first six months after the treatment, in a significant percentage of cases. The rate of sustained response drops slightly after 6 mo and significantly after 12 too, however the absence of severe side effects can be a stimulus for further evaluating new schedules of treatment.

关键词： Granulocytapheresis Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Steroid-refractory

Endotics system vs colonoscopy for the detection of polyps

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第43期16卷 5452-5456页

作者： Emanuele Tumino Rodolfo Sacco Marco Bertini Michele bertoni Giuseppe Parisi Alfonso Capria Operative Unit of Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases Department of Gastroenterology Pisa University Hospital Institute of Internal Medicine University of Foggia

AIM: To compare the endotics system (ES), a set of new medical equipment for diagnostic colonoscopy, with video-colonoscopy in the detection of polyps. METHODS: Patients with clinical or familial risk of colonic polyps/carcinomas were eligible for this study. After a standard colonic cleaning, detection of polyps by the ES and by video-colonoscopy was performed in each patient on the same day. In each single patient, the assessment of the presence of polyps was performed by two independent endoscopists, who were randomly assigned to evaluate, in a blind fashion, the presence of polyps either by ES or by standard colonoscopy. The frequency of successful procedures (i.e. reaching to the cecum), the time for endoscopy, and the need for sedation were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the ES were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 71 patients (40 men, mean age51.9 ± 12.0 years) were enrolled. The cecum was reached in 81.6% of ES examinations and in 94.3% of colonoscopies (P = 0.03). The average time of endoscopy was 45.1 ± 18.5 and 23.7 ± 7.2 min for the ES and traditional colonoscopy, respectively (P < 0.0001). No patient required sedation during ES examination, compared with 19.7% of patients undergoing colonoscopy (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of ES for detecting polyps were 93.3% (95% CI: 68-98) and 100% (95% CI: 76.8-100), respectively. PPV was 100% (95% CI: 76.8-100) and NPV was 97.7% (95% CI: 88-99.9). CONCLUSION: The ES allows the visualization of the entire colonic mucosa in most patients, with good sensitivity/specificity for the detection of lesions and without requiring sedation.

关键词： Colonoscopy Diagnosis Endotics system Polyps Sedation

Update on hemolytic uremic syndrome:Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations

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World Journal of Nephrology 2013年第3期2卷 56-76页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori Elisabetta.bertoni Renal Unit Careggi HospitalCareggi UniversityFlorence 50139Italy

Hemolytic uremic syndrome （HUS） is a rare disease. In this work the authors review the recent findings on HUS, considering the different etiologic and patho-genetic classifications. New findings in genetics and, in particular, mutations of genes that encode the complement-regulatory proteins have improved our understanding of atypical HUS. Similarly, the comple-ment proteins are clearly involved in all types of thrombotic microangiopathy： typical HUS, atypical HUS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura （TTP）. Fur-thermore, several secondary HUS appear to be related to abnormalities in complement genes in predisposed patients. The authors highlight the therapeutic as-pects of this rare disease, examining both “traditional therapy” （including plasma therapy, kidney and kidney-liver transplantation） and “new therapies”. The latter include anti-Shiga-toxin antibodies and anti-C5 mono-clonal antibody “eculizumab”. Eculizumab has been recently launched for the treatment of the atypical HUS, but it appears to be effective in the treatment of typical HUS and in TTP. Future therapies are in phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ. They include anti-C5 antibodies, which are more purifed, less immunogenic and absorbed orally and, anti-C3 antibodies, which are more powerful, but potentially less safe. Additionally, infusions of recombinant complement-regulatory proteins are a potential future therapy.

关键词： Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Diarrhea, Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 and Stx 2 Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome Complement factors Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Secondary thrombotic microangiopathy Plasma therapy Eculizumab

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World Journal of Transplantation 2016年第4期6卷 632-645页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori Elisabetta.bertoni Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University Hospital

The recurrence of renal disease after renal transplantation is becoming one of the main causes of graft loss afterkidney transplantation. This principally concerns some of the original diseases as the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome(HUS), the membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN), in particular the MPGN now called C3 glomerulopathy. Both this groups of renal diseases are characterized by congenital(genetic) or acquired(autoantibodies) modifications of the alternative pathway of complement. These abnormalities often remain after transplantation because they are constitutional and poorly influenced by the immunosuppression. This fact justifies the high recurrence rate of these diseases. Early diagnosis of recurrence is essential for an optimal therapeutically approach, whenever possible. Patients affected by end stage renal disease due to C3 glomerulopathies or to atypical HUS, may be transplanted with extreme caution. Living donor donation from relatives is not recommended because members of the same family may be affected by the same gene mutation. Different therapeutically approaches have been attempted either for recurrence prevention and treatment. The most promising approach is represented by complement inhibitors. Eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody against C5 convertase is the most promising drug, even if to date is not known how long the therapy should be continued and which are the best dosing. These facts face the high costs of the treatment. Eculizumab resistant patients have been described. They could benefit by a C3 convertase inhibitor, but this class of drugs is by now the object of randomized controlled trials.

关键词： Kidney disease recurrence Complement dysregulation Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome C3 glomerulopathies Dense deposit disease Plasma therapy Eculizumab C3 glomerulonephritis

Is it time to give up with calcineurin inhibitors in kidney transplantation?

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World Journal of Transplantation 2013年第2期3卷 7-25页

作者： Maurizio Salvadori Elisabetta.bertoni Department of Renal Transplantation Careggi University Hospital 50139 FlorenceItaly

Calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) represent today a cornerstone for the maintenance immunosuppressive treatment in solid organ transplantation. Nevertheless, several attempts have been made either to minimize their dosage or to avoid CNIs at all because these drugs have the severe side effect of chronic nephrotoxicity. This issue represents a frontier for renal transplantation. The principal problem is to understanding whether the poor outcome over the long-term may be ascribed to CNIs nephrotoxicity or to the inability of these drugs to control the acute and chronic rejection B cells mediated. The authors analyze extensively all the international trials attempting to withdraw, minimize or avoid the use of CNIs. Few trials undertaken in low risk patients with an early conversion from CNIs to proliferation signal inhibitors were successful, but the vast majority of trials failed to improve CNIs side effects. To date the use of a new drug, a co-stimulation blocker, seems promising in avoiding CNIs with similar efficacy, better glomerular filtration rate and an improved metabolic profile. Moreover the use of this drug is not associated with the development of donorspecific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. Thispoint has a particular relevance, because the failure of CNIs to realize good outcomes in renal transplantation has recently ascribed to their inability to control the acute and chronic rejections B-cell mediated. This paper analyzes all the recent studies that have been done on this issue that represents the real frontier that should be overcome to realize better results over the long-term after transplantation.

关键词： Calcineurin inhibitors nephrotoxicity Calcineurin inhibitors withdrawal Calcineurin inhibitors minimization Calcineurin inhibitors avoidance Donor specific antibodies Antibody mediated rejection New drugs in renal transplantation