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Fundamental study of CO_2.control technologies and policies in china

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第7期51卷 857-870页

作者： JIN HongGuang1, ZHANG XiLiang2. GAO Lin1, YUE Li2. HE JianKun2.& cai RuiXian1 1 institute of Engineering Thermophysics, {2. academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china 2.institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, tsinghua university, beijing 100084, china 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 2. institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The technical roadmap and policies for CO2.mitigation suitable for china are a common center of attention in the fields of energy, environment, and management science in the country. Emphasizing interaction between technical research and policy research, this work discovers the potential breakthrough in the integrated field. The technical difficulties of recovering CO2.are pointed out, the mechanism of combining CO2.recovery with energy conversion is investigated, and the basic principle for integrating an environmental-friendly energy system is discussed. Moreover, the formulation of a new energy system that can recover CO2.with very low or even zero energy penalty is proposed, while the assessment methodology and model system for the technical roadmap of CO2.emission control are developed. Finally, a new technical roadmap constructing an energy network suitable for china is proposed, which may provide a new way for the development of sustainable energy and environment technologies.

关键词： CO2 capture and storage technical roadmap energy policy

A trust region algorithm for bilevel programing problems

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chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第10期43卷 820-824页

作者： LIU Guoshan 1, HAN Jiye 2.and WANG Shouyang 3 1. department of Mathematics, beijing Normal {2., beijing 100875, china 2. institute of Applied Mathematics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100080, china 3. institute of Systems Science, Chi department of Mathematics Beijing Normal University Beijing China institute of Applied Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A trust region algorithm is proposed for solving bilevel programming problems where the lower level programming problem is a strongly convex programming problem with linear constraints. This algorithm is based on a tr... 详细信息

关键词： bilevel programming problem trust region algorithm global convergence.

Debating about the climate warming

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 1-6页

作者： WANG Shaowu1, LUO Yong2. ZHAO Zongci2. DONG Wenje2.and YANG Bao3 (1.department of Atmospheric sciences, School of Physics, Peking {2., beijing 100871, china 2. Laboratory for Climate Studies, china Meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china 3. institute of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china) [a] department of Atmospheric sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing China [b] Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meterological Administration Beijing China [c] institute of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Debating about the climate warming is reviewed. Discussions have focused on the validity of the temperature reconstruction for the last millennium made by Mann et al. Arguments against and for the reconstruction are introduced. Temperature reconstructions by other authors are examined, including the one carried out by Wang et al. in 1996. It is concluded that: (1) Ability of reproducing temperature variability of time scale less than 10 a is limited, so no sufficient evidence proves that the 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 was the warmest year over the last millennium. (2. All of the temperature reconstructions by different authors demonstrate the occurrence of the MWP (Medieval Warm Period) and LIA (Little Ice Age) in low frequency band of temperature variations, though the peak in the MWP and trough in LIA varies from one reconstruction to the others. Therefore, terms of MWP and LIA can be used in studies of climate change. (3) The warming from 1975 to 2.00 was significant, but we do not know if it was the strongest for the last millennium, which needs to be proved by more evidence.

关键词： climate warming MWP LIA the 2.th century.

Viscosity solution to nonlinear H_∞ control

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第11期42卷 890-894页

作者： HONG Yiguang, YUNG Siupang, MEI Shengwei and QIN Huashu1. institute of Systems Science, chinese {2. of sciences, beijing 100080, china 2. department of Mathematics, Hong Kong university, Hong Kong, china institute of Systems Science Chinese Academy of Scirnces Beijing China department of Mathematics How Kong University Hong Kong China

where the state variable x∈R^n,the output z∈R^k,the control variable u∈U R^m,and thedisturbance w∈W R^l.U and W are compact.F,Z are C^1 mappings defined in a neigh-

关键词： nonlinear H∞ control viscosity solution disturbance attenuation.

The role of aerial algae in the formation of the landscape of the Yunnan Stone Forest,Yunnan Province, china

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第9期47卷 846-864页

作者： TIAN Youping1,3, ZHANG Jie2. SONG Linhua1 & BAO Haosheng2.1. institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, {2. academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. department of Geography, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, china 3. School of Earth sciences and Resources, china university of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China department of Geography Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Earth sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Aerial algae on the surface of carbonate rocks at the Stone Forest, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, china, and their bioerosion were investigated in the field and studied in the laboratory in detail. Through the observation, identification and statistics of more than one hun- dred algal samples and rock samples with the optical microscopes (stereomicroscope, biological microscope) and the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the relationships between erosional forms on the surface of the Stone Forest and algae and/or algal communities and the genetic mechanism for the formation of erosional forms were analyzed. It is suggested that aerial algae play an active role in bioerosive processes that may affect the formation of karst erosional forms. These effects include both direct and indirect ones. The direct effect is the initiative control (algal shape-controlling role) of algae on the formation of karst forms of various scales, mostly mi- cro-scale (<10-3m) and minor-scale (10-3-10-1m) erosional forms. The algal shape-controlling roles can be divided into the algal individual shape-controlling role and the algal community shape-controlling role. The former mostly controls the formation of micro-scale erosional forms, while the latter mostly controls the formation of micro-scale and smaller minor-scale erosional forms. The indirect effect refers to the promoting role of algae in the formation of karst forms, which may affect the formation of karst forms of all types and scales. The bioerosion of algae accelerates the weathering process of the whole Stone Forest karst landforms.

关键词： aerial algae, bioerosion, the Stone Forest, Yunnan Province, china.

Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact in central eastern Inner Mongolia

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第7期48卷 1025-1039页

作者： HUANG Fei1, Kealhofer Lisa2. XIONG Shangfa3 & HUANG fengbao1 1. Nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology,{2. academy of sciences,Nanjing 2.0008,china 2. Anthropology and Sociology department,Santa Clara university,CA 95053,USA 3. institute of Geology and Geophysics,{2. academy of sciences,{{12. 10002.,china Nanjing institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Anthropology and Sociology department Santa Clara University CA 95053 United States institute of Geology and Geoohysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijina 100029 China

Phytolith and pollen preserved in the Taipusi Banner paleosol profile, central eastern Inner Mongolia, provide evidence of Holocene grassland vegetation, climate and human impact. The combined phytolith and pollen records reveal a major change in vegetation composition about 5000 a BP. Before 5000 a BP, the vegetation was dominated by Aneurolepidium chinese-Stipa grandis grassland of C4 grasses. After 5000 a BP, C4 grasses rapidly retreated, indicating a shift to colder and more arid conditions. The gradual invasion of Stipa krylovii, Ag-ropyron desertorum, Ephedra, Chenopodiaceae and Caragana reveal the onset of grassland degeneration. Between 10000 and 872. a BP, the Aneurolepidium chinese-Stipa grandis grassland included a small proportion of Artemisia shrub and Echionopos type plants, implying a strong winter monsoon and very weak summer monsoon. From 872. to 7000 a BP, C4 grasses were common, indicating a strengthening of the summer monsoon. Between 7000 and 5000 a BP, the Holocene thermal maximum was evident, with a significant expansion of C4 grasses and the presence of some trees (such as Pinus and Betula, and so on) in or near the study site. From 42.0?000 a BP, a sandy grassland of Artemisia and Agropyron desertorum together with Aster-type taxa occurred. Precipitation amelioration took place between 3000 and 2.70 a BP, with a rapid development of Echinops type plants and a small expansion of C4 grasses. From 2.70 a BP to present, human activities accelerated the process of grassland degeneration.

关键词： phytolith and pollen records grassland environment change human impact Holocene central eastern Inner Mongolia.

Inconsistency between WMAP data and released map

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第10期55卷 907-909页

作者： LIU Hao1 & LI TiPei1,2.3 1 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics,institute of High Energy Physics,chinese {2. of sciences,beijing 100049,china 2.department of Physics & Center for Astrophysics,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china 3 department of Engineering Physics & Center for Astrophysics,tsinghua university,beijing 100084,china Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China department of Physics & Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China department of Engineering Physics & Center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China

A remarkable inconsistency between the calibrated differential time-ordered data (TOD) of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mission,which is the input for map-making,and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps published by the WMAP team is revealed,indicating that there must exist a serious problem in the map making routine of the WMAP *** inconsistency is easy to be confirmed without the use of WMAP map-making *** view of the importance of this issue for cosmology study,we invite readers to check it by themselves.

关键词：威尔金森微波各向异性探测器 WMAP 地图制作宇宙微波背景有序数据制作软件 TOD CMB

Discovery of a pterodactylid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第13期46卷 1112-1117页

作者： WANG Xiaolin & LU Junchang1. institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese {2. of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2. College of Earth sciences and Resources, china university of Geo-sciences, beijing 100083, china 3. {{12. of Geological sciences, Southern Methodist university, Dallas, TX 752.5, USA institute of Vertebrate Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

A well-preserved pterosaur with nearly complete skull is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun in western Liaoning. It is characterized by a low and long crestless skull, slender and pointed teeth, long metacarpal, nearly equal length of metatarsals I -III and short pedal digit V. It is referred to a new genus and species of the family Pterodactylidae: Haopterus gracilis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first pterosaur with a nearly complete skull from the Jehol Biota; it also represents the first non-controversial fossil record of Pterodactylidae in Asia. Haopterus is more derived than Pterodactylus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen in Germany. This discovery extends the distribution of the family Pterodactylidae from Europe and Africa to Asia and its latest occurrence from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The discovery of Haopterus gracilis provides further evidence for the study of the originand radiation of the Jehol Biota; it also sheds new light on the evolution and

关键词： western Liaoning Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation Pterodactylidae.

Two mode photon bunching effect as witness of quantum criticality in circuit QED

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第12期52卷 1898-1905页

作者： AI Qing1,WANG YingDan2.LONG GuiLu1,3 & SUN ChangPu4 1 department of Physics,tsinghua {2.,beijing 100084,china 2.department of Physics,{2. of Basel,Klingelbergstrasse 82.4056 Basel,Switzerland 3 tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology,beijing 100084,china 4 {{12. of Theoretical Physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100080,china 1. department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China 2. department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland 3. tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Beijing 100084 China 4. institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

We suggest a scheme to probe critical phenomena at a quantum phase transition (QPT) using the quantum correlation of two photonic modes simultaneously coupled to a critical system. As an experimentally accessible physical implementation,a circuit QED system is formed by a capacitively coupled Josephson junction qubit array interacting with one superconducting transmission line resonator (TLR). It realizes an Ising chain in the transverse field (ICTF) which interacts with the two magnetic modes propagating in the TLR. We demonstrate that in the vicinity of criticality the originally independent fields tend to display photon bunching effects due to their interaction with the ICTF. Thus,the occurrence of the QPT is reflected by the quantum characteristics of the photonic fields.

关键词： quantum phase transition photon bunching circuit QED