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大模型的理解力之争与理解观新叙事

社会科学 2024年第1期 41-51页

作者：肖峰上海大学智能哲学与文化研究院上海大学马克思主义学院

人工智能是否具有理解力的问题在大模型出现后引起了新的关注,目前截然对立的看法之间正在进行难分难解的争议。持否认意见的一方主要从具身性、工作机制等方面论证大模型不可能有人的理解力,持肯定看法的一方则从功能和主观体验等方面... 详细信息

人工智能是否具有理解力的问题在大模型出现后引起了新的关注,目前截然对立的看法之间正在进行难分难解的争议。持否认意见的一方主要从具身性、工作机制等方面论证大模型不可能有人的理解力,持肯定看法的一方则从功能和主观体验等方面来阐释大模型所具有的理解力。从哲学的视野上看,还需要从理解观的更新去解析大模型是否具有理解力的问题,包括整合人本主义与功能主义的理解观,基于动态发展的视野丰富人工理解或机器理解的含义,并走向一种人机互补与合作的新型理解观。

关键词：人工智能大模型理解功能人机互补

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大模型与智能社会:基于历史唯物主义的探察

中国社会科学 2024年第7期 71-89,205,206页

作者：肖峰上海大学马克思主义学院暨智能哲学与文化研究院上海200444

大模型具有“大智能”“大应用”“大参与”的技术特征及功能效应,或成为智能社会来临的重要标志。基于历史唯物主义的技术一社会观、生产力观、生产方式观、社会有机体论和技术社会形态论,可以透视大模型可能带来的智能生产力、智能生... 详细信息

大模型具有“大智能”“大应用”“大参与”的技术特征及功能效应,或成为智能社会来临的重要标志。基于历史唯物主义的技术一社会观、生产力观、生产方式观、社会有机体论和技术社会形态论,可以透视大模型可能带来的智能生产力、智能生产工具、“以言行事”的生产方式和智能文明新形态,以及由这些变革所联动会聚而成的总体效应:智能社会来临并由此对历史进程产生重大影响。而在这种历史唯物主义分析框架下的透彻把握中,历史唯物主义自身也将得到丰富和发展。

关键词：大模型智能生产力以言行事智能社会

Genomic analysis of Nypa fruticans elucidates its intertidal adaptations and early palm evolution

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第4期66卷 824-843页

作者： Weihong Wu xiao feng Nan Wang Shao Shao Min Liu Fa Si Linhao Chen Chuanfeng Jin Shaohua Xu Zixiao Guo Cairong Zhong Suhua Shi Ziwen He State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityGuangzhou 511462China Hainan Academy of Forestry(Hainan Academy of Mangrove) Haikou 571100China

Nypa fruticans(Wurmb),a mangrove palm species with origins dating back to the Late Cretaceous period,is a unique species for investigating long-term adaptation strategies to intertidal environments and the early evolution of ***,we present a chromosome-level genome sequence and assembly for *** integrated the genomes of *** and other palm family members for a comparative genomic analysis,which confirmed that the common ancestor of all palms experienced a whole-genome duplication event around 89 million years ago,shaping the distinctive characteristics observed in this *** also inferred a low mutation rate for the *** genome,which underwent strong purifying selection and evolved slowly,thus contributing to its stability over a long evolutionary ***,ancient duplicates were preferentially retained,with critical genes having experienced positive selection,enhancing waterlogging tolerance in ***,we discovered that the pseudogenization of Early Methionine-labelled 1(EM1)and EM6 in *** underly its crypto-vivipary characteristics,reflecting its intertidal *** study provides valuable genomic insights into the evolutionary history,genome stability,and adaptive evolution of the mangrove *** results also shed light on the long-term adaptation of this species and contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics in the palm family.

关键词： crypto-vivipary genome stability long-term adaptation mangrove Nypa fruticans palm

The Role of E3 Ligases in Macrophage-mediated Inflammation

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2024年第9期51卷 2037-2060页

作者： JIN Jia-Bei GE Yi-Dong JIN xiao-feng Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyHealth Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

Macrophages,existed in almost all organs of the body,are responsible for detecting tissue injury,pathogens,playing a key role in host defense against a variety of invading pathogens triggering inflammatory *** evidence suggests that macrophage-mediated immune responses are efficiently regulated by the ubiquitination modification,which is responsible for normal immune ***,numerous studies indicates that the aberrant activation or inhibition of macrophage-mediated immune responses occurs in inflammation,mainly caused by dysregulated ubiquitination modification due to E3 ubiquitin ligases mutations or abnormal ***,E3 ubiquitin ligases,responsible for recognizing the substrates,are key enzymes in the ubiquitin proteasome system(UPS)composed of ubiquitin(Ub),ubiquitin-activating E1 enzymes,ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes,E3 ubiquitin ligases,26S proteasome,and deubiquitinating ***,several E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in the regulation of some common signal pathways in macrophage-mediated inflammation,including Toll-like receptors(TLRs),nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptors(NLRs),RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs),C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)and the receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE).Herein,we summarized the physiological and pathological roles of E3 ligases in macrophage-mediated inflammation,as well as the inhibitors and agonists targeting E3 ligases in macrophage mediated inflammation,providing the new ideas for targeted therapies in macrophage-mediated inflammation caused aberrant function of E3 ligases.

关键词： E3 ligases macrophage NLRs/RLRs/TLRs targeted therapies

近十年哪些人在生二孩:来自全国六城市2506个家庭的调查结果

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深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版） 2024年第4期41卷 5-16页

作者：风笑天广西师范大学政治与公共管理学院广西桂林541001

提升我国人口出生率的关键在于增加二孩生育,而了解已生育二孩的育龄人群的社会特征,对于提升二孩生育配套支持政策的针对性和有效性具有重要意义。全国六城市2506个家庭的抽样调查结果显示,“单独二孩”政策实施10年来,城市生育二孩的... 详细信息

提升我国人口出生率的关键在于增加二孩生育,而了解已生育二孩的育龄人群的社会特征,对于提升二孩生育配套支持政策的针对性和有效性具有重要意义。全国六城市2506个家庭的抽样调查结果显示,“单独二孩”政策实施10年来,城市生育二孩的夫妇具有下列社会特征:3/4的二孩母亲生育二孩的年龄在28-37岁,且35岁以上的高龄母亲占30%,与一孩母亲相比,二孩母亲的生育年龄相对分散和扩大;二孩夫妇中属于“双非”的比例接近70%,“双非”父母是生育二孩的主要力量;二孩夫妇的文化程度略低于一孩夫妇;二孩母亲从事“白领”职业的比例低于一孩母亲,而从事“蓝领”职业以及个体户、家务劳动、无业的比例则高于一孩母亲;每十对二孩夫妇中就有两对是农村进城的夫妇,两对是城乡通婚的夫妇,六对是城市夫妇;二孩夫妇的经济条件与一孩夫妇不存在明显差别,这意味着在经济条件之外,还存在对二孩生育影响更大的因素;二孩夫妇所生育的一孩中,性别比显著低于一孩夫妇所生育的一孩,这揭示出有一部分人的确是因为第一孩是女孩的缘故而选择生育二孩;80%以上的二孩夫妇所生二孩与一孩之间的年龄间隔为2-9岁,其中50%以上为2-5岁。对近十年来城市二孩生育现实的揭示,有助于更好地分析和解释育龄人群的不同社会特征与二孩生育意愿和生育结果之间的关系。

关键词：二孩生育生育政策生育事实育龄人口生育调查

Development and validation of a predictive model for acute-onchronic liver failure after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1301-1310页

作者： Wei Zhang Ya-Ni Jin Chang Sun xiao-feng Zhang Rui-Qi Li Qin Yin Jin-Jun Chen Yu-Zheng Zhuge Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjing 210000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Hepatology Unit Department of Infectious DiseasesNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000Guangdong ProvinceChina Co-first authors:Wei Zhang and Ya-Ni Jin

BACKGROUND Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a cause of acute-onchronic liver failure(ACLF).AIM To investigate the risk factors of ACLF within 1 year after TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and construct a prediction *** In total,379 patients with decompensated cirrhosis treated with TIPS at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2017 to 2020 were selected as the training cohort,and 123 patients from Nanfang Hospital were included in the external validation *** and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent *** prediction model was established based on the Akaike information *** and external validation were conducted to assess the performance of the *** Age and total bilirubin(TBil)were independent risk factors for the incidence of ACLF within 1 year after *** developed a prediction model comprising age,TBil,and serum sodium,which demonstrated good discrimination and calibration in both the training cohort and the external validation *** Age and TBil are independent risk factors for the incidence of ACLF within 1 year after TIPS in patients with decompensated *** model showed satisfying predictive value.

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Influencing factor analysis Risk prediction model Nomogram

Pectolinarin inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation in microglial BV_(2) cells via NF-κB signaling pathway

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Traditional Medicine Research 2024年第6期9卷 12-18页

作者： Bin-feng Cheng xiao feng Yu-Qian Dong Shao-Qin Jian Hao-Heng Yu Jing-Jing Li Ting Ma Jun Zhang Yao-Dong Zhang Hai-Jie Yang Lei Wang Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology School of Life Sciences and TechnologyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003China Henan Neural Development Engineering Research Center Henan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou 410000China

Background:Neuro-inflammation is regarded as one of the critical pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases,which is characterized by the activated microglial ***(Pec),a natural flavonoid that exists in many Chinese herbal medicines,has been reported to have various biological ***,the effects and mechanisms on neuro-inflammation are not ***:In this study,the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Pec on neuro-inflammation were investigated in the LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) ***_(2) microglial cells were treated with Pec or vehicle,followed by ***-linked immunosorbent assay,real-time quantitative PCR,nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species assay,and western blot were performed to examine the effects of Pec on neuro-inflammatory ***:We showed that Pec significantly inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factorαand interleukin 6 in mRNA and protein levels induced by ***,the production of nitric oxide,iNOS,reactive oxygen species,and COX-2 were suppressed by Pec in LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) *** addition,Pec inhibited LPS-induced inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,as evidenced by the reduction of the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase,the degradation of IκBα,and the nuclear translocation of ***:Taken together,Pec exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated microglial BV_(2) cells via nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway,which might provide therapeutic potential for neuro-inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： neuroinflammation microglial cells pectolinarin NF-κB

非饱和黏性土的广义有效应力三剪弹塑性本构模型

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工程力学 2024年第5期41卷 107-119页

作者：胡小荣路祥蔡晓锋南昌大学建筑工程学院南昌330031

将非饱和土广义有效应力原理与三剪强度准则相结合,提出了非饱和土广义有效应力三剪强度准则。将所提准则作为破坏准则,分别采用等量代换法和坐标平移法推导出新的破坏应力比,并将其与非饱和土修正剑桥模型相结合得到了新的屈服函数。... 详细信息

将非饱和土广义有效应力原理与三剪强度准则相结合,提出了非饱和土广义有效应力三剪强度准则。将所提准则作为破坏准则,分别采用等量代换法和坐标平移法推导出新的破坏应力比,并将其与非饱和土修正剑桥模型相结合得到了新的屈服函数。相比于原来修正剑桥模型中的破坏应力比为定值,新的屈服函数可以更好地反应土体全应力状态、中间主应力效应和拉压不等效应。在弹塑性理论的框架下,建立了非饱和土的广义有效应力三剪弹塑性本构模型。以江西正常固结非饱和重塑红黏土作为试验研究对象,进行室内土工试验、土水特征曲线试验、压缩回弹试验、非饱和土常规三轴固结排水试验。将该本构模型计算结果与非饱和土三轴固结排水试验结果进行对比验证。结果表明:数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了该本构模型的正确性。在轴向应变较小时,等量代换法和坐标平移法模拟结果比较接近,随着轴向应变增大直至偏应力达到平稳状态的过程中,等量代换法计算结果要大于坐标平移法计算结果,且更接近于试验值。真三轴计算预测结果表明:在固结排水条件下,初始压实度、净围压、基质吸力相同,中间主应力影响系数越大,则剪应力和体应变越大。b值相同的情况下,轴向应变较小时,等量代换法计算结果和坐标平移法计算结果比较接近,随着轴向应变的增大,二者之间的差值也越来越大。

关键词：非饱和黏性土本构模型广义有效应力三剪强度准则江西红黏土

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去泛素化酶在肾细胞癌中的作用

生物化学与生物物理进展 2024年第2期51卷 276-299页

作者：罗霞金晓锋宁波大学医学部生物化学与分子生物学系浙江省病理生理学技术研究重点实验室宁波315211

肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是成人肾脏的原发性恶性肿瘤。泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitinproteasome system,UPS)对控制蛋白质水平和调节生理病理过程至关重要。去泛素化酶(deubiquitinases,DUBs)是UPS的关键成分,特别是从靶蛋... 详细信息

肾细胞癌(renal cell carcinoma,RCC)是成人肾脏的原发性恶性肿瘤。泛素-蛋白酶体系统(ubiquitinproteasome system,UPS)对控制蛋白质水平和调节生理病理过程至关重要。去泛素化酶(deubiquitinases,DUBs)是UPS的关键成分,特别是从靶蛋白中去除泛素链,通过严格调节正常生理学中泛素化和去泛素化之间的平衡,对蛋白质稳态和质量控制显示出至关重要的作用。越来越多的研究表明,功能异常的DUBs与RCC的进展和转移有关。根据底物的不同,一些DUB可能会抑制RCC,而另一些则促进。本文综述了RCC相关DUB的最新研究进展,描述了其分类、功能作用,总结了DUB在RCC中的作用和作用机制,并讨论了靶向DUBs用于癌症治疗。

关键词：肾细胞癌泛素-蛋白酶体系统去泛素化酶