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Effective Video Summarization Approach Based on Visual Attention

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 1427-1442页

作者： Hilal Ahmad Habib Ullah Khan Sikandar Ali Syed Ijaz Ur Rahman fazli wahid Hizbullah Khattak Department of Computer Sciences Islamia College Peshawar KhyberPakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Accounting and Information Systems College of Business and EconomicsQatar UniversityDoha2713Qatar Department of Information Technology The University of HaripurKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Information Technology Hazara University MansehraKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

Video summarization is applied to reduce redundancy and developa concise representation of key frames in the video, more recently, video summaries have been used through visual attention modeling. In these schemes,the frames that stand out visually are extracted as key frames based on humanattention modeling theories. The schemes for modeling visual attention haveproven to be effective for video summaries. Nevertheless, the high cost ofcomputing in such techniques restricts their usability in everyday *** this context, we propose a method based on KFE (key frame extraction)technique, which is recommended based on an efficient and accurate visualattention model. The calculation effort is minimized by utilizing dynamicvisual highlighting based on the temporal gradient instead of the traditionaloptical flow techniques. In addition, an efficient technique using a discretecosine transformation is utilized for the static visual salience. The dynamic andstatic visual attention metrics are merged by means of a non-linear weightedfusion technique. Results of the system are compared with some existing stateof-the-art techniques for the betterment of accuracy. The experimental resultsof our proposed model indicate the efficiency and high standard in terms ofthe key frames extraction as output.

关键词： KFE video summarization visual saliency visual attention model

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungal Inoculation with Compost on Yield and Phosphorous Uptake of Berseem in Alkaline Calcareous Soil

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1359-1369页

作者： Bismillah Jan Amjad Ali fazli wahid Syed Noor Muhammad Shah Asif Khan Farmanullah Khan College of Resource and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Horticulture Gomal University D.I. Khan Pakistan College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Soil and Environmental Science University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Directorate of Soil and Water Conservation Peshawar Pakistan

An experiment was conducted in pots under natural conditions in alkaline calcareous soil to determine berseem (Trifolium alexandrium) yield and P uptake as affected by Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation with compost prepared from fresh animal dung and rock phosphate. Data indicated that berseem shoot and roots yields increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by inoculation of indigenous mycorrhiza (AMF-I) and half dose of compost. Shoot yield increased as 98% and 76% roots yield as 60% and 52% over control and N and K fertilizers. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased plant N and P uptake by berseem was observed in the treatment inoculated by commercial mycorrhiza (AMF-II) with full dose of compost followed by the inoculation of AMF-II with half dose of compost. Plants uptake of Cu, Mn and Fe was improved significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by the inoculation of AMF-II with half dose of compost, while Zn uptake was increased in the treatment of AMF-II inoculation with full dose of compost. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased soil spores density of AMF as 27 spores per 20 g soil was noted by inoculation of AMF-I with half dose of compost, while maximum roots infection intensity in berseem was observed by the inoculation of AMF-I with full dose of compost. Results suggest that inoculation of AMF with compost has potential to improve berseem yields and plants nutrients uptake under given soil conditions.

关键词： AMF Inoculation Alkaline Calcareous Soil Berseem Crop Compost Plants Nutrients Uptake and Yield

Mycorrhiza and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria:Potential Bioagents for Sustainable Phosphorus Management in Agriculture

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第2期91卷 257-278页

作者： fazli wahid Muhammad Sharif Shah Fahad Amjad Ali Muhammad Adnan Rafiullah Shah Saud Subhan Danish Muhammad Arif Ali Niaz Ahmed Hüseyin Arslan Doğan Arslan Murat Erman Ayman EL Sabagh Fatemeh Gholizadeh Rahul Datta Department of Agriculture University of SwabiSwabi23561Pakistan Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar25130Pakistan Department of Agronomy The University of HaripurHaripur22620Pakistan School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an710055China Department of Horticulture Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureHarranÜniversityOsmanbey CampusŞanliurfa63050Turkey Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33156Egypt Department of Plant Production and Genetics Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of KurdistanSanandaj66177-15175Iran Department of Geology and Pedology Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrno61300Czech Republic

Phosphorus(P)is a critical nutrient that plays an essential role in improving soil fertility for optimum plant growth and *** is one of the most deficient macro-nutrients in agricultural soils after nitrogen and is considered inadequate for plant growth and *** P availability in soils,the farmers are applying huge amounts of synthetic P fertilizers that adversely affect the wider environment,groundwater,soil fertility and microbial *** beneficial microbes are known to release and supply soluble P for improving growth and yield of a variety of plants in a sustainable manner in P deficient ***,inoculation of these microbes,including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)and phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB)to soil to enhance crop production without harming the environment,is an alternative approach to chemical *** combined role of AMF and PSB in P solubilization is not well understood and the application and mode of action of these microbial groups are often naive due to variation in the ***,the current review article would develop a better understanding of the interactive role and mechanisms of AMF and PSB in improving P availability from both organic and inorganic sources in a sustainable crop production ***,the current review would loop out further avenues for researchers interested to commercially produce effective AMF and PSB-based biofertilizers for sustainable management of phosphorus over a wide range of agricultural crops worldwide.

关键词： Beneficial microbes soil inoculation phosphorus mineralization crop production

Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Fruit Quality of Peach

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1258-1264页

作者： Amjad Ali Sajida Perveen Syed Noor Muhammad Shah Zengqiang Zhang fazli wahid Mohib Shah Shahida Bibi Abdul Majid College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D.I. Khan Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D. I. Khan Pakistan Department of Weed Science University of Agriculture Pe-shawar Pakistan Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on quality of peach fruits at Horticulture Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2010. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete design with six treatments and four replications on peach orchards (early grand). Our pre-treatment soil analysis showed silt loam soil class, alkaline and calcareous in nature and adequate in organic matter. The soil was deficient in P, Zn, Fe and B, whereas adequate in Mn and Cu. The fruit quality was evaluated and maximum fruit length, diameter and yield were noted in T6 (Zn + Cu + Fe + Mn + B). The juice pH decreased and the juice acidity increased in a linear fashion after foliar spray of micronutrients. The total soluble solids of fresh fruit juice ranged 7.01%-8.88% and vitamin C ranged from 4.80%-7.90% after foliar spray. So the foliar spray of micronutrients significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the quality of peach fruit.

关键词： Acidity Fruit Quality Micronutrients Peach Spray Vitamin C

Effect of Composted Rock Phosphate with Organic Materials on Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Berseem and Maize

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 975-984页

作者： Amjad Ali Muhammad Sharif fazli wahid Zengqiang Zhang Syed Noor Muhammad Shah Rafiullah Sajjad Zaheer Farmanullah Khan Fazlur Rehman College of Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Peshawar Pa-kistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D. I. Khan Pakistan College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences University of Agricul-ture Peshawar Pakistan

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of composts prepared from different organic materials with rock phosphate (RP) on yield and P uptake of berseem and their residual effect on maize crop (cv. Azam) during 2011-2012. Composts prepared from RP fed farm yard manure (FYM), simple FYM, organic waste and city garbage were applied at the rate based on their P concentrations. Composts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased total dry matter weight of Berseem in first and second cut over control. Residual effect of the prepared composts was determined on yield and plant P uptake of maize in the same layout of Berseem. Maximum and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher maize grain yield, total dry matter yield and stover yield of 3161 kg·ha-1, 9633 kg·ha-1 and 6472 kg·ha-1, respectively were recorded by the residual effect of compost of organic waste with half dose of SSP. Thousand grains weight of 220 g was noted in the treatment of residual effect of compost of RP fed FYM with half dose of SSP. Post harvest soil N and P concentrations improved with composting. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) increases in N and P uptake by berseem and maize plants were observed with added composts. Results suggest that the use of composts prepared from different organic materials with RP is environmental friendly and has potential to improve crops yield and plants N and P uptakes for a prolonged time.

关键词： Berseem Compost Maize Residual Effect Rock Phosphate Yield

Effect of Salts Stress on the Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第15期7卷 2257-2271页

作者： Niaz Ahmed Kalhoro Inayatullah Rajpar Shahmir Ali Kalhoro Amjad Ali Sajjad Raza Muneer Ahmed Fahad Ali Kalhoro Muhammad Ramzan fazli wahid Soil Survey of Pakistan Devolution Cell Cabinet Division Camp Office Hyderabad Pakistan Department of Soil Science Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences Balochistan Pakistan Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A& F University Yangling China College of Natural Resources & Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan Department of Plant Production and Technologies Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology Omer Halisdemir University Nigde Turkey

In order to study the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat (cv. Inqalab), a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of the Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam. The soil was artificially salinized to a range of salinity levels i.e . EC 2.16, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 dS·m-1 with different salts (MgCl2 + CaCl2 + Na2SO4). The salinized soil used for the experiment was sandy clay in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH > 7.0) and moderate in organic matter (0.95%) content. The results showed that with increasing salinity there was an increase in the ECe, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl- and decrease in the K+, SAR and ESP values of the soil Increasing salinity, progressively decreased plant height, spike length, number of spikelets spike-1 1000 grain weight and yield (straw and grain). Adverse effects of salts on plants were associated with the accumulation of less K+ and more Na+ and Cl- in their flag leaf sap, grains and straw. This resulted in lower K+:5Na+ ratio in flag leaf sap, grains and straw of wheat plants. These results indicated that the effects of salts stress were greater at 10 than at 8, 6 and 4 EC dS·m-1.

关键词： Salinity Tolerance Effect Yield Wheat

Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Identification of the Pathogen and Management of Potato Soft Rot with Zinc Application

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1138-1143页

作者： Ayesha Bibi Muhammad Junaid Musharaf Ahmad Amjad Ali fazli wahid Rubina Naz Arif Ullah Amanullah Mahar Shahmir Ali Kalhoro Department of Plant Pathology The University of Agriculture (AUP) Peshawar Pakistan College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences (AUP) Peshawar Pakistan Department of Botany Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Pakistan College of Economics and Management Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan

Effect of different Zinc doses was investigated against Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica, the potato blackleg/soft rot causing organism, during 2009 and 2010 in Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan. Out of 200 tested samples, 21 of them were proved to be Eca. However, these tentative Eca isolates showed some characteristics which were unexpected for Eca. We, therefore, decided to perform Polymerase Chain Reaction using Eca-specific primers, Eca1F and Eca2R for confirm identification. For disease management, at the time of sowing, pots containing 5 kg sterilized soil were applied with Zinc in four different treatments i.e. 8 mg, 10 mg, 12 mg and 14 mg along with one control. Results indicated that 12 mg (4.8 kg Zn ha-1) were better doses in controlling the disease up to 73% and increasing the yield up to 117% as compared to control plants.

关键词： Erwinia carotovora Potato PCR Identification Soft Rot Zinc

Effects of Humic Acid and Crop Residues on Soil and Wheat Nitrogen Contents

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第9期5卷 1277-1284页

作者： Kashif Akhtar Syed Noor Muhammad Shah Amjad Ali Sajjad Zaheer fazli wahid Ahmad Khan Mohib Shah Shahida Bibi Abdul Majid College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D.I. Khan Pakistan Department of Agronomy Amir Muhammad Khan Campus Mardan University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Crop Production Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University D.I. Khan Pakistan Department of Weed Science University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

This study was conducted with the aim of finding humic acid and crop residues effects on soil and wheat nitrogen at New Development Farm, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2009-2010. The experiment was laid out in RCB design having four replications. Different levels (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 kg ha-1) of Humic acid were applied at sowing time. Mungbean (5 tons ha-1), wheat straw (10 tons ha-1) and mungbean (2.5 tons ha-1) + wheat straw (5 tons ha-1) were incorporated 30 days before sowing. Our results showed higher mineral and total nitrogen (7.32 and 0.43, respectively) mg kg-1 in soil and also higher nitrogen in stem, leaves and grains (2.3, 4.6 and 21.1, respectively) mg kg-1 at maturity in those plots in which 2.5 kg ha-1 of humic acid was applied. Higher mineral and total nitrogen (7.04 and 0.5, respectively) mg kg-1 in soil and also higher nitrogen in leaves (5.5) mg kg-1 at pre-anthesis, while at maturity stage in stem, leaves and grain (5.5, 2.1, 4.2 and 20.8) g kg-1 was recorded in those plots in which 5 tons ha-1 mung bean was incorporated. Our experimental results suggest the use of 5 tons ha-1 of mungbean residues with 2.5 kg ha-1 of humic acid to improve soil fertility availability of more nitrogen in wheat plants to increase the crop yield and grains quality.

关键词： Anthesis Grain Maturity Soil Fertility Straw Mung Bean

Potential of AM Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Effect on Yield of Wheat Crop

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第11期5卷 1578-1586页

作者： Asif Khan Muhammad Sharif Amjad Ali Syed Noor Muhammad Shah Ishaq Ahmad Mian fazli wahid Bismillah Jan Muhammad Adnan Shah Nawaz Nisar Ali College of Resource and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Horticulture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan College of Horticulture Northwest A&F University Yangling China Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the potential of AM fungi in phytoremediation of heavy metals and its effect on yield of wheat crop. The experiment was conducted in CR Design with four replications during rabi 2012-13. Data showed no increase in grain and shoot yields by AMF inoculation with Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn at different levels but increased root yield, plant height, spike length and hundred grains weight of wheat as compared with uninoculated crop. Post-harvest soil Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn contents of 2, 4.4, 2.8 and 2.9 mg·kg-1, respectively were maximum in uninoculated plants treated with Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn at triple of recommended level. No increases in plant P, N, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn uptakes were observed by the inoculation of AMF when compared with uninoculated crop. Maximum plant Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn uptakes of 160.5, 206, 1914.6 and 2653 g·ha-1, respectively were recorded in uninoculated plants applied with Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn at triple of recommended levels. Wheat roots infection intensity by AMF increased with higher AMF soil spores density. Results suggest the potential of phytoremediation of contaminated soil to be improved by the inoculation of crops with AMF.

关键词： AM Fungi Heavy Metals Phytoremediation Nutrients Uptakes and Wheat Yield