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RPL-Based IoT Networks under Decreased Rank Attack:Performance Analysis in Static and Mobile Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 227-247页

作者： Amal Hkiri Mouna Karmani Omar Ben Bahri Ahmed Mohammed Murayr fawaz Hassan Alasmari Mohsen Machhout Physic Department Electronics and Micro-Electronics LaboratoryFaculty of Sciences of MonastirMonastir5000Tunisia Department of Science and Technology College of RanyahTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)*** its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a *** paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork *** employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja *** systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and *** results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT ***,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.

关键词： RPL decreased rank attacks mobility random direction model

Deep Learning Based Signal Detection for Quadrature Spatial Modulation System

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China Communications 2024年第10期 78-85页

作者： Shu Dingyun Peng Yuyang Yue Ming fawaz AL-Hazemi Mohammad Meraj Mirza School of Computer Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Jeddah Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University

With the development of communication systems, modulation methods are becoming more and more diverse. Among them, quadrature spatial modulation(QSM) is considered as one method with less capacity and high efficiency. In QSM, the traditional signal detection methods sometimes are unable to meet the actual requirement of low complexity of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes a signal detection scheme for QSM systems using deep learning to solve the complexity problem. Results from the simulations show that the bit error rate performance of the proposed deep learning-based detector is better than that of the zero-forcing(ZF) and minimum mean square error(MMSE) detectors, and similar to the maximum likelihood(ML) detector. Moreover, the proposed method requires less processing time than ZF, MMSE,and ML.

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Evaluation of the Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Toddlers with Spinal Dysraphism after Surgical Repair Using ASQ-3^™ Scores

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 14-29页

作者： Mujahid Imam fawaz Eljili Marhoom Sawsan Aldeaf Ali Awad Ahmed Zidan Mohamed Mustafa Ahmed Sanna Taha Neurosurgery Department National Center for Neurological Sciences (NCNS) Khartoum Sudan Neurosurgery Department Royal Care International Hospital Khartoum Sudan Al Ribat Neurospine Center Khartoum Sudan Neurosurgery Department Haj Almardi (Al Tamyouz) Hospital Khartoum Sudan Neurosurgery Department Al Jazeera Trauma Center Khartoum Sudan

Background: Spinal dysraphism represents a wide spectrum of congenital abnormalities of the spine. Myelomeningocele is considered the most common malformation and the most common we saw in our community, with its morbidity problems seen commonly in the postoperative period. ASQ-3TM Scores are the ages and stages questionnaire, third edition, and represent a tool to assess the development progress, especially in toddlers. Objectives: Evaluation of neurodevelopmental outcome among Sudanese toddlers with spinal dysraphism after surgical closure with or without a VP shunt using ASQ-3TM Scores. Methodology: This is a retrospective hospital-based study of 84 patients who underwent myelomeningocele repair at the National Center for Neurological Sciences (NCNS) during the period from 2017 up to 2019. Data were collected through a constructed questionnaire, including ASQ-3TM Scores. Data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) computer program. Version 25. Results: 84 patients were included in this study;all patients were diagnosed with spinal dysraphism. Out of them, 51 (60.7%) were 2 years old, 33 (39.3%) were 3 years old, 45 (53.6%) were male, 45 (53.6%) of patients mothers attended ANC irregularly, and 54 (64.3%) their mothers didn’t receive folate supplements. 44 (52.3%) of patients underwent MMC repair only, while 40 (47.7%) underwent MMC repair and VP shunt. The commonest postoperative complication was infection, reported in 12 (14.3%) of patients, followed by VP shunt revision in 9 (10.7%) of patients. Neurological assessment showed that the majority of patients need further assessment with a professional, 57 (67.9%) of children don’t walk, run, or climb like other toddlers as their parent’s state;also, half of patients (42, 50%) had medical problems, and 27 (32.1%) of their parent’s state that they do not talk like other toddlers their age. There was a statistically significant association

关键词： Toddlers’ Neurodevelopmental Outcome Myelomeningocele Evaluation ASQ-3™ Scores Spinal Dysraphasim Neurodevelopmental Outcome

Correlation between Wnt Signalling Inhibitors (Dickkopf-1 & Sclerostin) and the Intimal Medial Thickness in Children on Maintenance Hemodialysis

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期14卷 397-412页

作者： Manal Abd El-Salam Mohamed Hamdi Ali Nadia Youssef Riad Rasha Abd El Samad fawaz Shima Mohamed Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine (for Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Tbilisi State Medical University Tbilisi Georgia Department of Clinical Pathology National Heart Institute Cairo Egypt Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine (for Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt

Background: Wnt signalling inhibitors (Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin) signalling play a role in vascular development and may contribute to calcification. Aim: To investigate the association between Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin serum concentrations in children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with intimal medial thickness and peak systolic velocity of the main arteries. Patients and Methods: A study was conducted on 40 children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and controls of the same age and sex. The study measured the initial medial thickness (IMT) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the main vessels (carotid, ulnar, and femoral). Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin serum levels in both groups were assessed, and a routine investigation was performed. Results: The findings indicate that the levels of serum Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin were significantly higher in the hemodialysis group 2540.65 (2215.4 - 2909.2 pg/ml) and 1.17 (0.85 - 2.03 ng/ml)respectively (P = 0.001), compared to their control group it was 1110.45 (885.45 - 1527.65 pg/ml) and 0.28 (0.25 - 0.32 ng/ml)) respectively P = 0.001. Additionally, there was a significant increase in intima-media thickness (IMT) with a decrease in peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the main blood vessels, including the carotid, ulnar, and femoral arteries. A significant correlation was also observed between Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin levels and IMT of the carotid, ulnar, and femoral arteries. Conclusion: Wnt signalling inhibitors (Dickkopf-1 and Sclerostin) exert effects beyond the bone and significantly contribute to early vascular calcification in pediatric patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

关键词： Wnt Signalling Vascular Calcification Hemodialysis Children

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome, a Rare Complication of Severe Malnutrition: Two Cases from a Subsaharian Endocrinology Department

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第4期14卷 87-93页

作者： Nafy Ndiaye Ngone Diaba Diack Yakham Mohamed Leye Sokhna Awa Balla Sall Moussa Gueye Mouhamed fawaz Mouhamadou Moustapha Ndong Abdoulaye Leye Department of Internal Medecine and Endocrinology Teaching Hospital of Pikine Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS), a rare diagnosis due to compression of the third duodenum between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta resulting in bowel obstruction, may lead to severe malnutrition. We report two cases of patients hospitalised in the Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nutrition Department of the National Hospital Center (NHC) of Pikine. Observations: Patient 1: A 35-year-old female was referred for an aetiological diagnosis due to a rapid weight loss of 15 kilograms in one month, accompanied by persistent vomiting, following an appendectomy performed a month before admission. Upon clinical examination, she presented severe malnutrition (Buzby index of 76%), early post-prandial chronic vomiting, and a poor general condition. An abdominal CT scan revealed aortomesenteric clamp syndrome (AMCS) with an angulation between the aorta and the SMA of 13˚. The underlying cause in this patient was severe malnutrition. Fortunately, her condition improved with medical treatment. Patient 2: We report the case of a 30-year-old female hospitalized due to unusual weight-bearing post-prandial epigastric pain and intermittent vomiting over the past six months. Upon physical examination at admission, she exhibited severe malnutrition with a body mass index (BMI) of 14 kg/m2, a Buzby index of 71%, trophic disorders, and a stage IV general condition assessment according to the World Health Organization (WHO). An abdominal CT scan revealed AMCS with an angle between the aorta and the SMA of 22˚ and an aortomesenteric space of 4 mm. The outcome was poor with medical treatment failure and, unfortunately, the patient died before surgery. Conclusion: SMAS is rarely evoked in clinical practice despite the presence of contributing factors and suggestive clinical signs. The prognosis depends on management time.

关键词： Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Malnutrition Pikine

High Performance Priority Packets Scheduling Mechanism for Big Data in Smart Cities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 535-559页

作者： fawaz Alassery Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

Today,Internet of Things(IoT)is a technology paradigm which convinces many researchers for the purpose of achieving high performance of packets delivery in IoT applications such as smart *** various physical devices such as sensors or actuators with the Internet may causes different constraints on the network resources such as packets delivery ratio,energy efficiency,end-to-end delays ***,traditional scheduling methodologies in large-scale environments such as big data smart cities cannot meet the requirements for high performance network *** big data smart cities applications which need fast packets transmission ratio such as sending priority packets to hospitals for an emergency case,an efficient schedulingmechanism ismandatory which is the main concern of this *** this paper,we overcome the shortcoming issues of the traditional scheduling algorithms that are utilized in big data smart cities emergency *** information about the priority packets between the source nodes(i.e.,people with emergency cases)and the destination nodes(i.e.,hospitals)is performed before sending the packets in order to reserve transmission channels and prepare the sequence of transmission of theses priority packets between the two *** our proposed mechanism,Software Defined Networking(SDN)with centralized communication controller will be responsible for determining the scheduling and processing sequences for priority packets in big data smart cities *** this paper,we compare between our proposed Priority Packets Deadline First scheduling scheme(PPDF)with existing and traditional scheduling algorithms that can be used in urgent smart cities applications in order to illustrate the outstanding network performance parameters of our scheme such as the average waiting time,packets loss rates,priority packets end-to-end delay,and efficient energy consumption.

关键词： Packets transmission scheduling scheme in IoT software defined networking big data smart cities applications for priority packets

Design and analysis of intrusion detection systems for wireless mesh networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第6期8卷 1068-1076页

作者： fawaz S.Al-Anzi P.O.Ox 5969 Safat 13060 Computer Engineering DepartmentKuwait UniversityKuwait

Intrusion is any unwanted activity that can disrupt the normal functions of wired or wireless networks. Wireless mesh networking technology has been pivotal in providing an affordable means to deploy a network and allow omnipresent access to users on the Internet. A multitude of emerging public services rely on the widespread, high-speed, and inexpensive connectivity provided by such networks. The absence of a centralized network infrastructure and open shared medium makes WMNs particularly susceptible to malevolent attacks, especially in multihop networks. Hence, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure privacy, security, and resilience when designing such networks. An effective method to detect possible internal and external attack vectors is to use an intrusion detection system. Although many Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) were proposed for Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), they can only detect intrusions in a particular layer. Because WMNs are vulnerable to multilayer security attacks, a cross-layer IDS are required to detect and respond to such attacks. In this study, we analyzed cross-layer IDS options in WMN environments. The main objective was to understand how such schemes detect security attacks at several OSI layers. The suggested IDS is verified in many scenarios, and the experimental results show its efficiency.

关键词： Wireless Mesh network Intrusi on detection Cross-layer Security

Community Knowledge about Bleeding Control in Jazan, KSA: Is There a Need for First Aid Educational Programs

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 64-84页

作者： Md Mazharul Hoque Hamoud Yahya Alsuriha Mohamed E. Moukhyer Bahja Siddig Mohamed Mubarak Almaki Amna Moukhyer fawaz Yahya Masswadi Mofareh Salman Harubi Elias Yosef Modabish Talal Omar Khasawi Yaser Mohammed Hantool Mohammed Awaji Mohammed Madkhali Aziza Mukhayer Emergency Medical Services Department Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Emergency Room University Hospital Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Public Health Programmes School of Medicine University of Limerick Limerick Ireland School of Medicine Ahfad University for Women Omdurman Sudan Department of Medical Laboratory Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jazan Jazan University Saudi Arabia Freelance Research Assistant Maastricht The Netherlands Department of Health Promotion University of Maastricht Maastricht The Netherland

The current study aimed to evaluate the first aid knowledge and general awareness of bleeding control, and their relations with different variables among the population of Jazan City, Saudi Arabia, in 2023. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia between April 2023 and May 2023. Participants, >13 years old, living in Jazan City, were self-enrolled. Data collection was carried out by distributing a self-reported online survey questionnaire via email and social media apps. A validated, pretested online self-report questionnaire was used for data collection, with data analysis performed using (MS) Excel 2022 and SPSS version 26. A Chi-square test was used to determine the association of sociodemographic variables and Bleeding Control (BC) knowledge with, significance set at p < 0.05. A total of 250 participants completed the questionnaire, predominantly aged between 16 - 25 years, with 152 (60.8%) being male, and about 90% being Saudi citizens. Only 53 (21.2%) participated in previous first aid training concentrating on bleeding control. Only 76 (30.4%) of participants had good knowledge, while 131 (52.4%) exhibited positive attitude towards BC first aid. There were no statistically significant associations between BC knowledge and age, gender, occupation, nationality, and education. However, a significant association was observed between previous BC training and knowledge (Chi-test = 40.373, d.f = 1, p = 0.000) at p < 0.05. Conclusion: The prevalence of poor knowledge of bleeding control among community members in Jazan City was high. The findings of this study should be carefully considered by various healthcare organizations to implement educational first-aid programs and activities aimed at enhancing community awareness and knowledge of bleeding control.

关键词： Injury Uncontrolled Bleeding First Aid Knowledge Attitude Jazan City

DC offset rejection in a frequency-fixed second-order generalized integrator-based phase-locked loop for single-phase grid-connected applications

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： Issam A.Smadi Bayan H.Bany fawaz Electrical Engineering Department Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan

Fast and accurate monitoring of the phase,amplitude,and frequency of the grid voltage is essential for single-phase grid-connected *** presence of DC offset in the grid voltage is detrimental to not only grid synchronization but also the closed-loop stability of the grid-connected *** this paper,a new synchronization method to mitigate the effect of DC offset is presented using arbitrarily delayed signal cancelation(ADSC)in a second-order generalized integrator(SOGI)phase-locked loop(PLL).A frequency-fixed SOGI-based PLL(FFSOGI-PLL)is adopted to ensure better stability and to reduce the complexity compared with other SOGI-based PLLs.A small-signal model of the proposed PLL is derived for the systematic design of proportional-integral(PI)controller *** effects of frequency variation and ADSC on the proposed PLL are considered,and correction methods are adopted to accurately estimate grid *** simulation results are presented,along with comparisons to other single-phase PLLs in terms of settling time,peak frequency,and phase error to validate the proposed *** dynamic performance of the proposed PLL is also experimentally ***,the proposed PLL has the fastest transient response and better dynamic performance than the other PLLs for almost all performance indices,offering an improved solution for precise grid synchronization in single-phase applications.

关键词： Grid integration Virtual microgrid DC offset mitigation Grid synchronization Phase-locked loop Second-order generalized integrator