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IDS-INT:Intrusion detection system using transformer-based transfer learning for imbalanced network traffic

Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 190-204页

作者： farhan ullah Shamsher ullah Gautam Srivastava Jerry Chun-Wei Lin School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXian710072ShaanxiChina Knowledge Unit of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologySialkot 51040Pakistan Department of Math and Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonMB R7A 6A9Canada Department of Computer Science and Math Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102Lebanon Western Norway University of Applied Sciences BergenNorway Research Centre for Interneural Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

A network intrusion detection system is critical for cyber security against llegitimate *** terms of feature perspectives,network traffic may include a variety of elements such as attack reference,attack type,a subcategory of attack,host information,malicious scripts,*** terms of network perspectives,network traffic may contain an imbalanced number of harmful attacks when compared to normal *** is challenging to identify a specific attack due to complex features and data imbalance *** address these issues,this paper proposes an Intrusion Detection System using transformer-based transfer learning for Imbalanced Network Traffic(IDS-INT).IDS-INT uses transformer-based transfer learning to learn feature interactions in both network feature representation and imbalanced ***,detailed information about each type of attack is gathered from network interaction descriptions,which include network nodes,attack type,reference,host information,***,the transformer-based transfer learning approach is developed to learn detailed feature representation using their semantic ***,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)is implemented to balance abnormal traffic and detect minority ***,the Convolution Neural Network(CNN)model is designed to extract deep features from the balanced network ***,the hybrid approach of the CNN-Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)model is developed to detect different types of attacks from the deep *** experiments are conducted to test the proposed approach using three standard datasets,i.e.,UNsWNB15,CIC-IDS2017,and *** explainable AI approach is implemented to interpret the proposed method and develop a trustable model.

关键词： Network intrusion detection Transfer learning Features extraction Imbalance data Explainable AI Cybersecurity

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Histone deacetylase HDA710 controls salt tolerance by regulating ABA signaling in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第3期63卷 451-467页

作者： farhan ullah Qiutao Xu Yu Zhao Dao-Xiu Zhou National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhan 430030China Institute of Plant Science of Paris-Saclay(IPS2) University Paris-SaclayCNRSINRAEOrsay 91405France

Plants have evolved numerous mechanisms that assist them in withstanding environmental *** deacetylases(HDACs)play crucial roles in plant stress responses;however,their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly ***,we explored the function of HDA710/OsHDAC2,a member of the HDAC RPD3/HDA1 family,in stress tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa).We established that HDA710 localizes to both the nucleus and cytoplasm and is involved in regulating the acetylation of histone H3 and H4,specifically targeting H4 K5 and H4 K16 under normal ***710 transcript accumulation levels were strongly induced by abiotic stresses including drought and salinity,as well as by the phytohormones jasmonic acid(JA)and abscisic acid(ABA).hda710 knockout mutant plants showed enhanced salinity tolerance and reduced ABA sensitivity,whereas transgenic plants overexpressing HDA710 displayed the opposite ***,ABAand salt-stress-responsive genes,such as OsLEA3,OsABI5,OsbZIP72,and OsNHX1,were upregulated in hda710 compared with wild-type *** expression differences corresponded with higher levels of histone H4 acetylation in gene promoter regions in hda710 compared with the wild type under ABA and salt-stress ***,these results suggest that HDA710 is involved in regulating ABA-and salt-stress-responsive genes by altering H4 acetylation levels in their promoters.

关键词： abscisic acid HDA710 histone acetylation rice salinity

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Augmenting Internet of Medical Things Security:Deep Ensemble Integration and Methodological Fusion

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第12期141卷 2185-2223页

作者： Hamad Naeem Amjad Alsirhani Faeiz MAlserhani farhan ullah Ondrej Krejcar Faculty of Informatics and Management Center for Basic and Applied ResearchUniversity of Hradec KraloveHradec Kralove50003Czech Republic Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversityAl Jouf72388Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering&Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversityAl Jouf72388Saudi Arabia Cybersecurity Center Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityAl JawharahKhobarDhahran34754Saudi Arabia

When it comes to smart healthcare business systems,network-based intrusion detection systems are crucial for protecting the system and its networks from malicious network *** protect IoMT devices and networks in healthcare and medical settings,our proposed model serves as a powerful tool for monitoring IoMT *** study presents a robust methodology for intrusion detection in Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)environments,integrating data augmentation,feature selection,and ensemble learning to effectively handle IoMT data *** rigorous preprocessing,including feature extraction,correlation removal,and Recursive Feature Elimi-nation(RFE),selected features are standardized and reshaped for deep learning *** using the BAT algorithm enhances dataset *** deep learning models,Transformer-based neural networks,self-attention Deep Convolutional Neural Networks(DCNNs),and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,are trained to capture diverse data *** predictions form a meta-feature set for a subsequent meta-learner,which combines model *** classifiers validate meta-learner features for broad algorithm *** comprehensive method demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in IoMT intrusion *** were conducted using two datasets:the publicly available WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset,which contains two distinct categories,and the CICIoMT2024 dataset,encompassing sixteen *** results showcase the method’s exceptional performance,achieving optimal scores of 100%on the WUSTL-EHMS-2020 dataset and 99%on the CICIoMT2024.

关键词： Cyberattack ensemble learning feature selection intrusion detection smart cities machine learning BAT augmentation

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A Novel Hybrid Ensemble Learning Approach for Enhancing Accuracy and Sustainability in Wind Power Forecasting

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3373-3395页

作者： farhan ullah Xuexia Zhang Mansoor Khan Muhammad Abid Abdullah Mohamed School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu611756China College of Intelligent Manufacturing and Control Engineering Qilu Institute of TechnologyJinan250200China College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China Research Centre Future University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt

Accurate wind power forecasting is critical for system integration and stability as renewable energy reliance *** approaches frequently struggle with complex data and non-linear connections. This article presentsa novel approach for hybrid ensemble learning that is based on rigorous requirements engineering *** approach finds significant parameters influencing forecasting accuracy by evaluating real-time Modern-EraRetrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA2) data from several European Wind farms usingin-depth stakeholder research and requirements elicitation. Ensemble learning is used to develop a robust model,while a temporal convolutional network handles time-series complexities and data gaps. The ensemble-temporalneural network is enhanced by providing different input parameters including training layers, hidden and dropoutlayers along with activation and loss functions. The proposed framework is further analyzed by comparing stateof-the-art forecasting models in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE),respectively. The energy efficiency performance indicators showed that the proposed model demonstrates errorreduction percentages of approximately 16.67%, 28.57%, and 81.92% for MAE, and 38.46%, 17.65%, and 90.78%for RMSE for MERRAWind farms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to other existingmethods. These quantitativeresults show the effectiveness of our proposed model with MAE values ranging from 0.0010 to 0.0156 and RMSEvalues ranging from 0.0014 to 0.0174. This work highlights the effectiveness of requirements engineering in windpower forecasting, leading to enhanced forecast accuracy and grid stability, ultimately paving the way for moresustainable energy solutions.

关键词： Ensemble learning machine learning real-time data analysis stakeholder analysis temporal convolutional network wind power forecasting

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线性主动抗扰（LADRC）算法的风电机组变桨距控制

线性主动抗扰（LADRC）算法的风电机组变桨距控制

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作者： farhan ullah 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

风电机组变桨控制系统是风力发电机的关键组成部分,它是一个复杂的非线性系统,受到许多不确定因素的影响。为了实现风电机组的高性能控制,变桨控制技术是一种非常重要的方法。当风速高于额定风速时,通过改变桨距角控制捕获的风功率,保... 详细信息

风电机组变桨控制系统是风力发电机的关键组成部分,它是一个复杂的非线性系统,受到许多不确定因素的影响。为了实现风电机组的高性能控制,变桨控制技术是一种非常重要的方法。当风速高于额定风速时,通过改变桨距角控制捕获的风功率,保护系统不受损坏。为了克服系统安全问题,提高风力发电机组的运行效率,本文采用了线性主动抗扰控制(LADRC)。LARDC控制器只需要调整两个参数,即观察者带宽和控制器带宽。在本研究中,对LARDC的这两个参数进行了调谐,有效地进行了变桨控制。文章提出的桨距角控制方法的目的是有效地调节风力机桨距角与风速的关系,提高风力机的效率。为了验证该控制器的鲁棒性和有效性,我们使用了不同的湍流风,其基本风速分别为12米/秒和16米/秒。关键的涡轮变量是输出功率、转子转速和桨距角。这种有效的变桨控制有助于克服安全问题。为了验证该控制器的有效性和优越性,与传统的PD和FLPI控制器进行了比较。结果表明,即使在高湍流风的情况下,变桨控制系统也能将风跟踪到额定功率,并且所有关键的机组变量都能很好地运行。仿真结果表明,与传统的PD和FLPI控制器相比,该控制器具有更好的性能。

关键词：变桨控制系统线性主动抗扰控制(LADRC) 风能转换系统(WECS) 风能再生能源

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Fatty Acid Profiling of Polyethylene Glycol Adapted and Un-Adapted Cell Lines of <i>Oryza sativa</i>***. Swat-1 under Temperature Stress

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2019年第4期9卷 145-153页

作者： Syed Muhammad Sadiq Shah farhan ullah Safdar Hussain Shah Institute of Crop Science National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

Higher plants can adapt to abiotic stress to a certain degree. In this study, the impact of temperature stress on osmotic stress adapted and un-adapted cell lines of rice (Oryza sativa *** Swat-1) was observed. For the change in proline content, relative growth rate, saturated and unsaturated fatty acid were evaluated. The cell lines were incrementally adapted to 20% polyethylene glycol. The adapted lines showed significantly higher growth rate and proline content as compared to the un-adapted cell lines on temperature stress. Among saturated fatty acids palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and myristic acid (C14:0) were the prominent fatty acids detected while among unsaturated fatty acid Oleic acid (C18:1c) and Linoleic acid (C18:2c) were the major fatty acids found. Under low temperature stress the percentage of saturated fatty acids was found to be lower (53%) in adapted cell line as compared to the un-adapted cell line (63%) while the percentage of saturation increased (83%) in adapted line under high temperature stress as compared to un-adapted line (70%). On the other hand at low temperature stress the percent level of unsaturated fatty acids in the adapted line was higher (48%) than the un-adapted cell line (37%). In conclusion, adaptation to one abiotic stress confers co-tolerance to the other abiotic stresses. Fatty acids saturation level could be a crucial factor in the plant ability to tolerate heat and cold stress.

关键词： Abiotic Stress Callus Culture Osmotic Stress Temperature Stress Relative Growth Rate Fatty Acid Profile Proline Content

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Modeling and scientific computing for the transmission dynamics of Avian influenza with half-saturated incidence

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2020年第4期11卷 1-31页

作者： Muhammad Altaf Khan Saif ullah Yasir Khan Muhammad farhan Informetrics Research Group Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Department of Mathematics University of PeshawarPakistan Department of Mathematics University of Hafr Al-Batin Hafr Al-Batin 31991Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200Pakistan

This paper presents the mathematical analysis of the dynamical system for avian *** proposed model considers a nonlinear dynamical model of birds and *** half-saturated incidence rate is used for the transmission of avian influenza *** mathematical results are presented for the proposed *** local and global dynamics of each model are presented and proven that when R01,then the endemic equilibrium is stable both locally and *** numerical results obtained for the proposed model shows that influenza could be eliminated from the community if the threshold is not greater than unity.

关键词： Avian influenza half-saturated incidence rate scientific computing stability analysis numerical results.

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Separation of Isotopes via Dynamical Delocalization

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第10期25卷 3660-3662页

作者： farhan Sail Department of Electronics Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan

Based on the dynamical delocalization phenomenon we show that different isotopes of a material can be separated. We explain that the suggested scheme can be realized in the laboratory using presently available experim... 详细信息

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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Heat Transfer Analysis of MHD Power Law Nano Fluid Flow through Annular Sector Duct

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第1期29卷 169-181页

作者： AHMED farhan IQBAL Mazhar School of Natural Sciences National University of Science and Technology

Flow and heat transfer analysis of an electrically conducting MHD power law nano fluid is carried out through annular sector duct,under the influence of constant pressure *** types of nano particles(*** and TiO2)are used in power law nano *** implicit procedure,(SIP)is used to simulate the discretized coupled algebraic *** has been observed that volume fraction of nano particles,ϕand magnetic field parameter,Ha are favourable for the heat transfer rate,however,both resist the fluid *** of applied uniform transverse magnetic field exceeds in the case of shear thickening fluids(i.e.n>1)by increasing the value of Ha as compared to that in shear thinning fluids(i.e.n<1).Therefore,enhancement in heat transfer rate is comparably more in shear thickening ***,comparable limiting case study with published result is also carried out in this research paper.

关键词： electrically conducting power law nano fluid Cu nano particles TiO2 nano particles shear thickening fluid shear thinning fluid heat transfer rate friction factor

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Rayleigh Waves Propagation in an Infinite Rotating Thermoelastic Cylinder

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2515-2525页

作者： A.M.farhan Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt

In this paper,we investigated the inuence of rotating half-space on the propagation of Rayleigh waves in a homogeneous isotropic,generalized thermo-elastic body,subject to the boundary conditions that the surface is traction *** addition,it is subject to insulating thermal conduction.A general solution is obtained by using Lame’potential’s and Hankel *** dispersion equations has been derived separately for two types of Rayleigh wave propagation properties by solving the equations of motion with appropriate boundary *** is observed that the rotation,frequency and r exert some influence in the homogeneous isotropic medium due to propagation of Rayleigh *** frequency equation has been derived of homogeneous properties by solving the equations of motion with appropriate boundary *** has been found that the frequency equation of waves contains a term involving the ***,the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves changes with respect to this *** the rotating vanishes,the derived frequency equation reduces to that obtained in classical generalized thermo-elastic case which includes the relaxation time of heat *** order to illustrate the analytical development,the numerical solution is carried out and computer simulated results in respect of Rayleigh wave velocity and attenuation coefficient are presented graphysically.A comparative and remarkable study has been carried out through various graphs to deliberate the consequences of different parameter on the frequency *** obtained results can be very useful in the design and optimization of Rayleigh wave.

关键词： Rayleigh waves wave propagation generalized thermoelasticity thermal stress rotation

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