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Partial Fusion (F) Gene Analysis of Newcastle Disease Virus Detected in Pakistan during 2021-2022

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 256-275页

作者： Muhammad Danish Mehmood Huma Anwar Ul-Haq Rauf Khalid Yasir Amin Muhammad Usman Ghani Muhammad Ismail Rabia Habib fareeha arshed Abdul Rasheed Shaukat Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan Research & Development Division Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Quality Assurance Department Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Veterinary Research and Disease Investigation Center Abbottabad Pakistan Quality Control Department Ottoman Pharma Immuno Lahore Pakistan Production Department Ottoman Pharma Lahore Pakistan Poultry Production Department Sabir&#8217s Poultry Pvt. Ltd. Sabroso Pakistan

Newcastle disease (ND) virus is a leading threat to commercial and domestic poultry in Pakistan. The virus infects and constitutes irreversible impairment to the nervous system, damages the respiratory system, and marks severe gastrointestinal lesions leading to heavy mortality in short-living birds and substantial losses in layers and breeders. The continuous emergence and evolution of the virus made it inclined to evade the humoral response and indirectly the circumvention of artificial active immunization. Newcastle disease is caused by the orthoavula genus of the paramyxoviridae family and has shown high genetic diversity even in their genotypes while information regarding enzootic trends of the virus is scanty in Pakistan. A total of 40 tracheal samples of NDV were collected from different commercial broiler farms and 11 isolates of NDV were identified. In the current study, we determined the genetic diversity of the Newcastle disease virus based on the partial sequencing of the fusion protein gene available in the NCBI database. Genetic analysis showed that seven isolates belonged to class I genotype VII and four belonged to class II genotype II. Interestingly, two isolates had epidemiological connections with vaccine-like class II genotype II. Our findings, concerning the recent outbreaks of class I genotype VII and class II genotype II of NDV in vaccinated commercial flocks, suggest possible potential partial mutations in the fusion protein gene. Genetic diversity and formation of the new cleavage site in an important neutralizing protein of wild strain are linked with the potency of artificial active immunization and a major cause of vaccine failure.

关键词： Newcastle Disease Virus Haemagglutination Inhibition Polymerase Chain Reaction Phylogenetic Tree Mutation Analysis

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Painlevé integrability and a collection of new wave structures related to an important model in shallow water waves

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第7期75卷 70-80页

作者： Isma Ghulam Murtaza Nauman Raza Saima arshed Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

This paper investigates the perturbed Boussinesq equation that emerges in shallow water *** perturbed Boussinesq equation describes the properties of longitudinal waves in bars,long water waves,plasma waves,quantum mechanics,acoustic waves,nonlinear optics,and other *** a result,the governing model has significant importance in its own *** singular manifold method and the unified methods are employed in the proposed model for extracting hyperbolic,trigonometric,and rational function *** solutions may be useful in determining the underlying context of the physical *** is worth noting that the executed methods are skilled and effective for examining nonlinear evaluation equations,compatible with computer algebra,and provide a wide range of wave *** addition to this,the Painlevétest is also used to check the integrability of the governing ***-dimensional and threedimensional plots are made to illustrate the physical behavior of the newly obtained exact *** makes the study of exact solutions to other nonlinear evaluation equations using the singular manifold method and unified technique prospective and deserving of further study.

关键词： soliton shallow water waves singular manifold method Painleve test

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A Differential Quadrature Based Approach for Volterra Partial Integro-Differential Equation with a Weakly Singular Kernel

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020年第9期124卷 915-935页

作者： Siraj-ul-Islam arshed Ali Aqib Zafar Iltaf Hussain Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Mathematics Islamia College PeshawarKhyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

Differential quadrature method is employed by numerous researchers due to its numerical accuracy and computational efficiency,and is mentioned as potential alternative of conventional numerical *** this paper,a differential quadrature based numerical scheme is developed for solving volterra partial integro-differential equation of second order having a weakly singular *** scheme uses cubic trigonometric B-spline functions to determine the weighting coefficients in the differential quadrature approximation of the second order spatial *** advantage of this approximation is that it reduces the problem to a first order time dependent integro-differential equation(IDE).The proposed scheme is obtained in the form of an algebraic system by reducing the time dependent IDE through unconditionally stable Euler backward method as time *** scheme is validated using a homogeneous and two nonhomogeneous test *** of the system matrix and numerical convergence of the method are analyzed for spatial and temporal domain discretization *** of results of the present approach with Sinc collocation method and quasi-wavelet method are also made.

关键词： Partial integro-differential equation differential quadrature cubic trigonometric B-spline functions weakly singular kernel

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Fractional soliton dynamics of electrical microtubule transmission line model with local M-derivative

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第9期73卷 17-25页

作者： Nauman Raza Saima arshed Kashif Ali Khan Mustafa Inc Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan Department of Computer Engineering Biruni UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Mathematics Science FacultyFirat UniversityElazigTurkey Department of Medical Research Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

In this paper,two integrating strategies namely exp[-Ф(Х)]and (G'/G^(2))-expansion methods together with the attributes of local-M derivatives have been acknowledged on the electrical microtubule(MT)model to retrieve soliton *** said model performs a significant role in illustrating the waves propagation in nonlinear *** are also highly productive in signaling,cell motility,and intracellular *** proposed algorithms yielded solutions of bright,dark,singular,and combo fractional soliton *** significance of the fractional parameters of the fetched results is explained and presented vividly.

关键词： solitons solution microtubule nonlinear transmission line (G'/G^(2))-expansion method

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Optical solitons for the decoupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equation using Jacobi elliptic approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第7期73卷 19-26页

作者： Jamilu Sabru Eric Tala-Tebue Hadi Rezazadeh Saima arshed Ahmet Bekir Department of Mathematics Northwest UniversityKanoNigeria Laboratoire d'Automatiqueetd InformatiqueAppliquee(LAIA)IUT-FV of BandjounThe University of DschangBP 134BandjounCameroon Faculty of Engineering Technology Amol University of Special Modem TechnologiesAmolIran Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan Neighbourhood of Akcaglan Imarli StreetNumber:28/426030EskisehirTurkey

Most of the important aspects of soliton propagation through optical fibers for transcontinental and transoceanic long distances can best be described using the nonlinear Schr?dinger *** solitons are electromagnetic waves that span in nonlinear dispersive media and permit the stress and intensity to stay unaltered as a result of the delicate balance between dispersion and nonlinearity ***,this study exploited the Jacobi elliptic method and obtained different soliton solutions of the decoupled nonlinear Schr?dinger equation with *** about the obtained solutions were made with the aid of some 3D graphs.

关键词： Jacobi elliptic method optical fibers decoupled NLSE optical solitons

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Role of knowledge economy in managing demand-based environmental Kuznets Curve

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 397-410页

作者： Rukhsana Kalim Shajara Ul-Durar Mubasher Iqbal Noman arshed Muhammad Shahbaz Department of Economics and Statistics Dr.Hassan Murad School of ManagementUniversity of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan University of Sunderland The School of Business ManagementEdinburgh BuildingChester RoadSunderland SR13SDUnited Kingdom Department of Economics Division of Management and Administrative SciencesUniversity of EducationLahorePakistan Department of International Trade and Finance School of Management and EconomicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina Center for Sustainable Energy and Economic Development Gulf University for Science and TechnologyHawallyKuwait

Aggregate demand or supply at equilibrium is commonly used as a representative of the macroeconomic activity of an economy whereby aggregate demand denotes the behaviour of individuals and ***,aggregate demand can also directly affect environmental deterioration via changes in aggregate *** study tried to explore this relationship,known as the demand-based Environmental Kuznets Curve(Demand EKC)and the role of different knowledge economy *** economy indicators are proposed to influence consumption patterns,altering the demand EKC that empirical studies have *** this purpose,secondary data for 147 countries were collected from 2008 to 2018,also classified as *** study found that aggregate demand significantly affects carbon *** long-run results are estimated using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square *** factors like renewable energy consumption,population density,and financial development significantly affect carbon emissions in sample *** study has incorporated four pillars of a knowledge-based economy and the results showed that these indicators helped reduce consumption-related CO_(2) emissions.

关键词： Kuznets Curve Knowledge economy Higher education Institutional quality Innovation Technology

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Influence of thyroid volume reduction on absorbed dose in ^(131)I therapy studied by using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第5期38卷 62-68页

作者： Ziaur Rahman Sikander M Mirza Waheed arshed Nasir M Mirza Waheed Ahmed Health Physics Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

A simulation study has been performed to quantify the effect of volume reduction on the thyroid absorbed dose per decay and to investigate the variation of energy deposition per decay due to β- and γ-activity of 131I with volume/mass of thyroid, for water, ICRP- and ICRU-soft tissue taken as thyroid material. A Monte Carlo model of the thyroid, in the Geant4 radiation transport simulation toolkit was constructed to compute the β- and γ-absorbed dose in the simulated thyroid phantom for various values of its volume. The effect of the size and shape of the thyroid on energy deposition per decay has also been studied by using spherical, ellipsoidal and cylindrical models for the thyroid and varying its volume in 1-25 cm3 range. The relative differences of Geant4 results for different models with each other and MCNP results lie well below 1.870%. The maximum relative difference among the Geant4 estimated results for water with ICRP and ICRU soft tissues is not more than 0.225%. S-values for ellipsoidal, spherical and cylindrical thyroid models were estimated and the relative difference with published results lies within 3.095%. The absorbed fraction values for beta particles show a good agreement with published values within 2.105% deviation. The Geant4 based simulation results of absorbed fractions for gammas again show a good agreement with the corresponding MCNP and EGS4 results （±6.667%） but have 29.032% higher values than that of MIRD calculated values. Consistent with previous studies, the reduction of the thyroid volume is found to have a substantial effect on the absorbed dose. Geant4 simulations confirm dose dependence on the volume/mass of thyroid in agreement with MCNP and EGS4 computed values but are substantially different from MIRD8 data. Therefore, inclusion of size/mass dependence is indicated for 131I radiotherapy of the thyroid.

关键词： mean absorbed dose rate Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation and 131I therapy

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Improving Routine Immunization Coverage Through Optimally Designed Predictive Models

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 375-395页

作者： fareeha Sameen Abdul Momin Kazi Majida Kazmi Munir A Abbasi Saad Ahmed Qazi Lampros K Stergioulas Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Aga Khan UniversityKarachi74800Pakistan Surrey Business School University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUnited Kingdom Neurocomputation Lab National Centre of Artificial IntelligenceNED University of Engineering&TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan Faculty of IT and Design The Hague University of Applied Sciences2521 ENThe HagueThe Netherlands

Routine immunization(RI)of children is the most effective and timely public health intervention for decreasing child mortality rates around the *** being a low-and-middle-income-country(LMIC)has one of the highest child mortality rates in the world occurring mainly due to vaccine-preventable diseases(VPDs).For improving RI coverage,a critical need is to establish potential RI defaulters at an early stage,so that appropriate interventions can be targeted towards such populationwho are identified to be at risk of missing on their scheduled vaccine *** this paper,a machine learning(ML)based predictivemodel has been proposed to predict defaulting and non-defaulting children on upcoming immunization visits and examine the effect of its underlying contributing *** predictivemodel uses data obtained from Paigham-e-Sehat study having immunization records of 3,113 *** design of predictive model is based on obtaining optimal results across accuracy,specificity,and sensitivity,to ensure model outcomes remain practically relevant to the problem *** optimization of predictive model is obtained through selection of significant features and removing data *** machine learning algorithms were applied for prediction of defaulting children for the next immunization *** results showed that the random forest model achieves the optimal accuracy of 81.9%with 83.6%sensitivity and 80.3%*** main determinants of vaccination coverage were found to be vaccine coverage at birth,parental education,and socioeconomic conditions of the defaulting *** information can assist relevant policy makers to take proactive and effective measures for developing evidence based targeted and timely interventions for defaulting children.

关键词： Machine learning predictive models routine immunization vaccine coverage pakistan optimization SMOTE

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A Comparative Numerical Study of Parabolic Partial Integro-Differential Equation Arising from Convection-Diffusion

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第2期126卷 673-692页

作者： Kamil Khan arshed Ali Fazal-i-Haq Iltaf Hussain Nudrat Amir Department of Mathematics Islamia CollegePeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceThe University of AgriculturePeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences&Islamiat University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences&Humanities CECOS University of Information Technology and Emerging SciencesPeshawar25000Pakistan

This article studies the development of two numerical techniques for solving convection-diffusion type partial integro-differential equation(PIDE)with a weakly singular *** trigonometric B-spline(CTBS)functions are used for interpolation in both *** first method is CTBS based collocation method which reduces the PIDE to an algebraic tridiagonal system of linear *** other method is CTBS based differential quadrature method which converts the PIDE to a system of ODEs by computing spatial derivatives as weighted sum of function *** efficient tridiagonal solver is used for the solution of the linear system obtained in the first method as well as for determination of weighting coefficients in the second *** explicit scheme is employed as time integrator to solve the system of ODEs obtained in the second *** methods are tested with three nonhomogeneous problems for their ***,computational efficiency and numerical convergence of the methods are *** of errors in approximations produced by the present methods versus different values of discretization parameters and convection-diffusion coefficients are *** and diffusion dominant cases are discussed in terms of Peclet *** results are also compared with cubic B-spline collocation method.

关键词： Partial integro-differential equation convection-diffusion collocation method differential quadrature cubic trigonometric B-spline functions weakly singular kernel

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Chemical characterization, docking studies, anti-arthritic activity and acute oral toxicity of Convolvulus arvensis L. leaves

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020年第10期10卷 442-451页

作者： Uzma Saleem Shingraf Zaib Sana Khalid fareeha Anwar Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Bashir Ahmad Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadPakistan Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International University LahorePakistan

Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity and anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of Convolvulus arvensis L. ***: Safety was assessed by acute oral toxicity(OECD 425) study. Anti-arthritic activity was explored by in vitro(inhibition of protein denaturation) and in vivo(Complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis and carrageenan-induced inflammation) methods. Antioxidant potential was determined by assessing ferric reducing power, DPPH inhibition, and H2O2 scavenging assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was done to check interactions between the plant constituents and cyclooxygenases(COX-1 and COX-2). Quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid were quantified by HPLC and eight compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results: No mortality and abnormality in biochemical parameters were observed in the toxicity study. Histological analysis of vital organs also supported these biochemical results. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the methanolic extract of leaves of Convolvulus arvensis exhibited dose-dependent anti-arthritic and anti-oxidant potential. Molecular docking showed better interactions of plant compounds with cyclooxygenases as compared to standard ibuprofen. Conclusions: Convolvulus arvensis exhibits strong anti-arthritic activity, justifying the traditional use of the herbal drug.

关键词： Antioxidant organs herbal

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