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General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 691-703页

作者： Wen-Xin Hang Yan-Chang Yang Yu-Han Hu Fu-Quan fang Lang Wang Xing-Hua Qian Patrick M.McQuillan Hui Xiong Jian-Hang Leng zhi-Yong Hu Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310003China Department of Cell Biology Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520USA Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and TechnologySchool of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Department of Anesthesiology Jiaxing Maternity and Childcare Health HospitalJiaxingZhejiang 314009China Department of Anesthesiology Penn State Hershey Medical CentrePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA 17033USA Department of Central Laboratory Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalWestlake University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial *** perform essential roles in the central nervous system,including myelin sheath formation,axonal metabolism,and neuroplasticity *** are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation,differentiation,and *** are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways,but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and *** this review,we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on *** anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents.

关键词： Oligodendrocytes General anesthetic agents Neurotoxicity Central nervous system Perioperative neurocognitive disorders

Highly sensitive diamond X-ray detector array for high-temperature applications

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 43-49页

作者： Wenjie Dou Chaonan Lin Wei Fan Xun Yang Chao fang Huaping Zang Shaoyi Wang Congxu Zhu zhi Zheng Weimin Zhou Chongxin Shan Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Material and Devices Key Laboratory of Material PhysicsMinistry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory Laser Fusion Research CenterChina Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province College of Chemical and Materials EngineeringXuchang UniversityXuchang 461000China Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou450046China

Diamond is a highly suitable material for X-ray detectors that can function effectively in harsh environments due to its unique properties such as ultrawide bandgap,high radiation resistance,excellent carrier mobility as well as remarkable chemical and thermal ***,the sensitivity of diamond X-ray detectors needs further improvement due to the relatively low X-ray absorption efficiency of diamond,and the exploration of singlecrystal diamond array imaging still remains *** the current work,a 10310 X-ray photodetector array was constructed from single-crystal *** improve the sensitivity of the diamond X-ray detector,an asymmetric sandwich electrode structure was ***,trenches were created through laser cutting to prevent crosstalk between adjacent *** diamond X-ray detector array exhibits exceptional performance,including a low detection limit of 4.9 nGy s^(-1),a sensitivity of 14.3 mC Gy^(-1) cm^(-2),and a light-dark current ratio of 18,312,which are among the most favorable values ever reported for diamond X-ray ***,these diamond X-ray detectors can operate at high temperatures up to 450℃,making them suitable for development in harsh environments.

关键词： Diamond X-ray detector array X-ray imaging Sensi-tivity Detection limit

Borohydride Ammoniate Solid electrolyte Design for All-Solid-State Mg Batteries

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energy & environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 100-106页

作者： Yuepeng Pang Zhengfang Nie Fen Xu Lixian Sun Junhe Yang Dalin Sun fang fang Shiyou Zheng School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials&Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Centre of Structure and Property for New energy and Materials Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004China Department of Materials Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Searching for novel solid electrolytes is of great importance and challenge for all-solid-state Mg *** this work,we develop an amorphous Mg borohydride ammoniate,Mg(BH_(4))_(2)·2NH_(3),as a solid Mg electrolyte that prepared by a NH_(3)redistribution between 3D framework-γ-Mg(BH_(4))_(2)and Mg(BH_(4))_(2)·6NH_(3).Amorphous Mg(BH_(4))_(2)·2NH_(3)exhibits a high Mg-ion conductivity of 5×10^(-4)S cm^(-1)at 75℃,which is attributed to the fast migration of abundant Mg vacancies according to the theoretical ***,amorphous Mg(BH_(4))_(2)·2NH_(3)shows an apparent electrochemical stability window of 0-1.4 V with the help of in-situ formed interphases,which can prevent further side reactions without hindering the Mg-ion *** on the above superiorities,amorphous Mg(BH_(4))_(2)·2NH_(3)enables the stable cycling of all-solid-state Mg cells,as the critical current density reaches 3.2 mA cm^(-2)for Mg symmetrical cells and the reversible specific capacity reaches 141 mAh g^(-1)with a coulombic efficiency of 91.7%(first cycle)for Mg||TiS_(2)cells.

关键词： all-solid-state Mg batteries amorphization Mg borohydride ammoniate Mg vacancy migration solid electrolyte

A comparison of statistical learning of naturalistic textures between DCNNs and the human visual hierarchy

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2310-2318页

作者： LU XinCheng YUAN ZiQi ZHANG YiChi AI HaiLin CHeNG SiYuan Ge YiRan fang fang CHeN NiHong Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Machine Perception(Ministry of education) Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The visual system continuously adapts to the statistical properties of the environment. existing evidence shows a close resemblance between deep convolutional neural networks(CNNs) and primate visual stream in neural selectivity to naturalistic textures above the primary visual processing stage. This study delves into the mechanisms of perceptual learning in CNNs,focusing on how they assimilate the high-order statistics of natural textures. Our results show that a CNN model achieves a similar performance improvement as humans, as manifested in the learning pattern across different types of high-order image statistics. While L2 was the first stage exhibiting texture selectivity, we found that stages beyond L2 were critically involved in learning. The significant contribution of L4 to learning was manifested both in the modulations of texture-selective responses and in the consequences of training with frozen connection weights. Our findings highlight learning-dependent plasticity in the mid-to-high-level areas of the visual hierarchy. This research introduces an AI-inspired approach for studying learning-induced cortical plasticity, utilizing DCNNs as an experimental framework to formulate testable predictions for empirical brain studies.

关键词： CNN perceptual learning naturalistic texture psychophysics

Fe-N-C core-shell catalysts with single low-spin Fe(Ⅱ)-N_(4)species for oxygen reduction reaction and high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 538-546,I0013页

作者： Yan Wan Linhui Yu Bingxin Yang Caihong Li Chen fang Wei Guo fang-Xing Xiao Yangming Lin Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021FujianChina CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021FujianChina Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002FujianChina College of Materials Science and engineering Fuzhou UniversityNew CampusMinhou 350108FujianChina College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117FujianChina

Fe-N-doped carbon materials(Fe-N-C)are promising candidates for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)relative to Pt-based catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PeMFCs).However,the intrinsic contributions of Fe-N_(4)moiety with different chemical/spin states(e.g.D1,D2,D3)to ORR are unclear since various states coexist *** the present work,Fe-N-C core-shell nanocatalyst with single lowspin Fe(Ⅱ)-N_(4)species(D1)is synthesized and identified with ex-situ ultralow temperature Mossbauer spectroscopy(T=1.6 K)that could essentially differentiate various Fe-N_(4)states and invisible Fe-O *** quantifying with CO-pulse chemisorption,site density and turnover frequency of Fe-N-C catalysts reach 2.4×10^(-9)site g^(-1)and 23 e site~(-1)s^(-1)during the ORR,***-wave potential(0.915V_(RHe))of the Fe-N-C catalyst is more positive(approximately 54 mV)than that of Pt/***,we observe that the performance of PeMFCs on Fe-N-C almost achieves the 2025 target of the US Department of energy by demonstrating a current density of 1.037 A cm^(-2)combined with the peak power density of 0,685 W cm^(-2),suggesting the critical role of Fe(Ⅱ)-N_(4)site(D1).After 500 h of running,PeMFCs still deliver a power density of 1.26 W cm^(-2)at 1.0 bar H_(2)-O_(2),An unexpected rate-determining step is figured out by isotopic labelling experiment and theoretical *** work not only offers valuable insights regarding the intrinsic contribution of Fe-N_(4)with a single spin state to alkaline/acidic ORR,but also provides great opportunities for developing high-performance stable PeMFCs.

关键词： Fuel cells Oxygen reduction reaction Non-platinum group metals(PGMs) Isotopic labelling Active site TOF

AI enhances drug discovery and development

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 52-54页

作者： fang Bai Shiliang Li Honglin Li Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Lingang Laboratory Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery East China Normal University

The advent of the third wave of artificial intelligence(AI) heralds a new era in drug discovery. AI-powered techniques can be characteristic of identifying features that are difficult for humans to interpret from big ...

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Compatibility evaluation between waterborne epoxy resin and SBR latex modified asphalt emulsion

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(english edition) 2024年第1期11卷 160-171页

作者： Jianhua Yang Zhengqi Zhang Ying fang Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway engineering of Ministry of education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China

Good compatibility between waterborne epoxy resin(WeR)modifier and styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR)latex modified asphalt emulsion(SBRe)is an essential premise for good pavement performance of WeR and SBR latex compositely modified asphalt emulsion(WSAe).This study aims to explore the compatibility between WeR modifier and *** achieve the goal,several WeR modifiers produced by two methods were first selected to modify SBRe,thus the WSAes were ***,storage stability and workability of the WSAes themselves,and high-temperature performance,rheological behavior and temperature sensitivity of their evaporated residues were compared and evaluated via performing a series of experiments,respectively,thus the WeR modifier possessing an optimal modification effect was *** show that the storage stability of WSAes is sensitive to the amount of *** incorporation of 1%WeRs by the mass of SBRe improves the storage stability of SBRe,while WeRs that exceed 1%weaken its storage *** the WeRs reach 3%and 4%,the 5 d storage stability of prepared WSAes will be beyond the limitation of *** WeRs into SBRe negatively affects the workability of SBRe,and the workability of WSAes is adversely influenced by the WeRs content and the storage *** ensure the construction,the WSAes with 3%and 4%WeRs should not be stored for more than 36 h and 48 h,*** WeRs effectively improve the high-temperature performance of SBRe residue,especially the 3%***,the WeRs notably enhance the rheological property and thermal stability of SBRe *** contrast,the WeR modifier produced by chemically modified method has a smaller adverse impact on the storage stability and workability of WSAe,and a larger enhancement on the high-temperature performance,rheological property and thermal stability of SBRe residue,which is thus recommended to modify SBRe.

关键词： Waterborne epoxy resin SBR modified asphalt emulsion Workability Rheological property Temperature sensitivity Compatibility evaluation

Improved performance of LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) by addition of fluoroethylene carbonate electrolyte additive

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 229-233页

作者： Guihuang fang Wei Chen Hongwei Yang Haisheng fang Chuang Yu Maoxiang Wu Faculty of Metallurgy and energy engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China State Key Laboratory of Advanced electromagnetic engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The addition of electrolyte additives is an effective strategy for tuning the property of the electrolyte to engineer the electrode/electrolyte interface,and there exist obvious discrepancies regarding the effect of fluoroethylene carbonate(FeC)as an electrolyte additive on the performance of *** FeC is introduced into the electrolyte of the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4)/Li cell and its effect on the properties of the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) is *** is found that the addition of FeC in the electrolyte has a positive effect on the performance of the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) cathode,which can be attributed to the reduced products generated by the interfacial side-reactions on the LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) cathode surface and the decreased metal dissolution in the FeC-containing electrolyte,thanks to the higher oxidation resistance of FeC and the easier and stronger binding of FeC and PF_6^(-).

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries LiMn_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)PO_(4) Cathode electrolyte additives Fluoroethylene carbonate

Interface engineering enabled sintering-resistant metal nanocatalysts via reverse Ostwald ripening

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 2789-2791页

作者： Ying Sun Wenhui fang Jieshan Qiu Institute of Clean energy Chemistry Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning ProvinceCollege of ChemistryLiaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource engineering College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The design and fabrication of advanced nanocatalysts with the high activity,selectivity,and superior durability remains a big challenge in industrial catalysis[1,2].The sintering of nanocatalysts under the thermally and/or chemically triggered conditions is a bottle-neck issue,which seriously decreases the amount of the exposed active sites and changes the original electronic structure of catalysts,resulting in the irreversible catalyst deactivation and high capital and time cost in industrial operation[3].

关键词： durability irreversible catalysis