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Identifying malicious traffic under concept drift based on intraclass consistency enhanced variational autoencoder

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 238-252页

作者： Xiang luo Chang LIU Gaopeng GOU Gang XIONG Zhen LI Binxing fang Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)

Accurate identification of malicious traffic is crucial for implementing effective defense countermeasures and has led to extensive research efforts. However, the continuously evolving techniques employed by adversaries have introduced the issues of concept drift, which significantly affects the performance of existing methods. To tackle this challenge, some researchers have focused on improving the separability of malicious traffic representation and designing drift detectors to reduce the number of false ***, these methods often overlook the importance of enhancing the generalization and intraclass consistency in the representation. Additionally, the detectors are not sufficiently sensitive to the variations among different malicious traffic classes, which results in poor performance and limited robustness. In this paper, we propose intraclass consistency enhanced variational autoencoder with Class-Perception detector(ICE-CP) to identify malicious traffic under concept drift. It comprises two key modules during training:intraclass consistency enhanced(ICE) representation learning and Class-Perception(CP) detector construction. In the first module, we employ a variational autoencoder(VAE) in conjunction with Kullback-Leibler(KL)-divergence and cross-entropy loss to model the distribution of each input malicious traffic flow. This approach simultaneously enhances the generalization, interclass consistency, and intraclass differences in the learned representation. Consequently, we obtain a compact representation and a trained classifier for nondrifting malicious traffic. In the second module, we design the CP detector, which generates a centroid and threshold for each malicious traffic class separately based on the learned representation, depicting the boundaries between drifting and non-drifting malicious traffic. During testing, we utilize the trained classifier to predict malicious traffic classes for the testing samples. Then, we use the CP det

关键词： concept drift cyberspace security intrusion detection malicious traffic identification variational autoencoder

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无损式血袋血浆乳糜指数测量装置的设计

清远职业技术学院学报 2024年第4期17卷 54-60页

作者：张志亮刘英刘运保黄勇华罗芳安庆辉清远职业技术学院机电与汽车工程学院广东清远511510 清远职业技术学院信息技术与创意设计学院广东清远511510 清远市中心血站广东清远511515

针对现有的血袋血浆乳糜指数测量均需要从血袋抽取部分血浆出来进行测量,存在着操作麻烦及对血袋血浆二次污染风险等问题,提出了一种无损式血袋血浆乳糜指数测量的方法,通过分别测量挤压成两种不同厚度的同一血袋对特定波长光源的透光特... 详细信息

针对现有的血袋血浆乳糜指数测量均需要从血袋抽取部分血浆出来进行测量,存在着操作麻烦及对血袋血浆二次污染风险等问题,提出了一种无损式血袋血浆乳糜指数测量的方法,通过分别测量挤压成两种不同厚度的同一血袋对特定波长光源的透光特性,得到该厚度差的待测血浆导致的光衰减,并根据朗伯-比尔定律,与标定的乳糜指数已知的相同厚度差血浆的光衰减进行对比,计算得到待测血浆的乳糜指数。所提出的测量方法,无需从血袋中抽取出血浆,避免了血浆的损耗和二次污染的风险。基于LED白光光源、窄带滤光片、硅光电池传感器及Arduino UNO主控板制作的测量装置,针对乳糜指数分别为1~6的各6袋血浆样品的测试,测得的乳糜指数均与实际的乳糜指数相符合,验证了所提出的测量方法及装置的正确性。

关键词：血袋血浆乳糜指数光衰减无损测量

α-鹅膏蕈碱在大鼠体内的毒代动力学与组织分布特征

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2024年第1期38卷 39-45页

作者：卢玉梅付旭宪罗芳朱恩槿熊根赵金阳付廷昊聂胜洁王蕊李树华昆明医科大学法医学院云南昆明650500 昆明市公安局刑侦支队刑科所云南昆明650500 昆明医科大学基础医学院云南昆明650500

目的研究α-鹅膏蕈碱在大鼠体内的毒代动力学和组织分布特征。方法SD大鼠ip给予α-鹅膏蕈碱(1.5 mg·kg^(-1)),于给药前和给药后5,10,20,30和45 min及1,1.5,2.5,4和8 h分别采集尾静脉血,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定血液中α... 详细信息

目的研究α-鹅膏蕈碱在大鼠体内的毒代动力学和组织分布特征。方法SD大鼠ip给予α-鹅膏蕈碱(1.5 mg·kg^(-1)),于给药前和给药后5,10,20,30和45 min及1,1.5,2.5,4和8 h分别采集尾静脉血,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定血液中α-鹅膏蕈碱的浓度,应用DAS 2.0药动学软件,以非房室模型法计算统计矩参数,绘制浓度-时间曲线,拟合毒代动力学参数。依据毒代动力学结果,将18只SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别于给药15和40 min及2.5 h后处死,采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、全脑、小肠、胃壁和睾丸9种组织样本及左心室动脉血,LC-MS/MS法测定α-鹅膏蕈碱浓度。结果大鼠ip给予α-鹅膏蕈碱后,全血峰浓度(C_(max))为(633±121)μg·L^(-1),消除半衰期(T1/2)为(0.72±0.37)h,达峰时间(T_(max))为(0.52±0.16)h,体内总清除率(CLz)为(1.62±0.26)L·h·kg^(-1),曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))为(946±183)μg·h·L^(-1),平均滞留时间(MRT0-t)为(1.18±0.17)h,表观分布容积(Vz)为(1.65±0.86)L·kg^(-1)。组织分布研究结果表明,α-鹅膏蕈碱在SD大鼠体内广泛分布,肾中浓度最高,其次是肺、小肠、胃壁、左心室动脉血和肝,心、脾和睾丸等中含量较低,脑中含量极低。α-鹅膏蕈碱吸收消除快,在各组织中15 min即可检出,40 min达峰,2.5 h后浓度低于15 min。结论ip给予α-鹅膏蕈碱在SD大鼠体内吸收消除快,给药后约0.52 h血药浓度达峰值,4 h后不能检出;α-鹅膏蕈碱主要分布在肾,其次为血流丰富的组织及代谢器官,如肺、小肠、胃壁、左心室动脉血和肝等,在心、脾和睾丸等组织含量较低,脑组织含量极低。推测其血脑屏障透过率低,对肾可能具有毒性靶向作用。

关键词： α-鹅膏蕈碱毒代动力学组织分布液相色谱-串联质谱法

“三改联动”下高中压内缸适应灵活运行改造探讨

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东方汽轮机 2024年第2期 6-11页

作者：刘金芳史宣平罗方饶真炎陈志坤东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司四川德阳618000

为实现“双碳”目标和构建新型电力系统,高中压内缸如何适应灵活性运行成为现役煤电高中压合缸机组“三改联动”时重点关注内容之一。文章通过对高中压内缸结构要素组合、典型结构方案、结合电厂实际运行情况和相应结构有限元分析,得出... 详细信息

为实现“双碳”目标和构建新型电力系统,高中压内缸如何适应灵活性运行成为现役煤电高中压合缸机组“三改联动”时重点关注内容之一。文章通过对高中压内缸结构要素组合、典型结构方案、结合电厂实际运行情况和相应结构有限元分析,得出高中压进汽部分分开的内缸结构作为适应灵活性运行优选结构,并对现役机组高中压内缸改造方案进行探讨。

关键词：灵活性深度调峰快启快调结构要素组合变形改造

Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides insights into the phylogeny and evolution of spiders(Arthropoda:Araneae)

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Zoological Research 2022年第4期43卷 566-584页

作者： Min Li Wen-Ting Chen Qi-Lin Zhang Min Liu Cheng-Wei Xing Ya Cao fang-Zhen luo Ming-Long Yuan State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730020China College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730020China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730020China Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnan 650500China Lanzhou University Second Hospital Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730030China

Spiders are among the most varied terrestrial predators,with highly diverse morphology,ecology,and *** and molecular data have greatly contributed to advances in the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of ***,we performed comprehensive mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis on 78 mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)representing 29 families;of these,23 species from eight families were newly *** retained the same gene arrangement as the arthropod ancestor(Limulus polyphemus),while Opisthothelae showed extensive rearrangement,with 12 rearrangement types in transfer RNAs(tRNAs)and control *** spider tRNAs were extremely truncated and lacked typical dihydrouridine or TΨC arms,showing high tRNA structural diversity;in particular,trnS1 exhibited anticodon diversity across the *** evolutionary rates of mitochondrial genes were potentially associated with gene rearrangement or truncated *** mitogenomic sequences and rearrangements possessed phylogenetic characteristics,providing a robust backbone for spider phylogeny,as previously *** monophyly of suborder,infraorder,retrolateral tibial apophysis clade,and families(except for Pisauridae)was separately supported,and high-level relationships were resolved as(Mesothelae,(Mygalomorphae,(Entelegynae,(Synspermiata,Hypochilidae)))).The phylogenetic positions of several families were also resolved(e.g.,Eresidae,Oecobiidae and Titanoecidae).Two reconstructions of ancestral web type obtained almost identical results,indicating that the common ancestor of spiders likely foraged using a silk-lined *** study,the largest mitochondrial phylogenomics analysis of spiders to date,highlights the usefulness of mitogenomic data not only for providing efficient phylogenetic signals for spider phylogeny,but also for characterizing trait diversification in spider evolution.

关键词： Spiders Mitochondrial genome Gene rearrangement Truncated tRNAs Trait evolution Phylogenomics

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超声辅助酶法制备小基围虾调味料的研究

中国调味品 2024年第9期49卷 144-150页

作者：蓝尉冰罗方真刘华凤游刚陈美花张自然蒋红明刘远森韩鑫北部湾大学食品工程学院广西钦州535000 广西高校北部湾海产品高值化利用与预制食品重点实验室广西钦州535000 北部湾大学机械与船舶海洋工程学院广西钦州535000

小基围虾常被当成下脚料丢弃或用于饲养家禽,造成环境污染及其营养价值的流失,为解决这一问题,文章以小基围虾为实验原料,采用响应面法优化超声辅助碱性蛋白酶水解工艺,在此基础上研发虾调味料。结果表明,小基围虾是一种高蛋白低脂肪的... 详细信息

小基围虾常被当成下脚料丢弃或用于饲养家禽,造成环境污染及其营养价值的流失,为解决这一问题,文章以小基围虾为实验原料,采用响应面法优化超声辅助碱性蛋白酶水解工艺,在此基础上研发虾调味料。结果表明,小基围虾是一种高蛋白低脂肪的海虾,具有较高的营养价值。超声辅助碱性蛋白酶对小基围虾酶解效果的影响为超声功率>超声时间>酶解时间,其最佳酶解条件为超声功率326 W、超声时间38 min、酶解时间4 h,在此条件下水解度可达(24.84±0.52)%,比未超声处理增加了9.48%。在此基础上所制得的调味料的干燥失重为(4.12±0.29)g/100 g,氯化物含量为(7.86±0.62)g/100 g,总氮含量为(3.50±0.37)g/100 g,符合相关调味料理化指标标准,可为小基围虾的深加工和综合利用提供理论参考,也可为调味料新产品的开发提供理论参考。

关键词：小基围虾超声酶响应面调味料

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Local field potentials,spiking activity,and receptive fields in human visual cortex

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 543-554页

作者： Lu luo Xiongfei Wang Junshi Lu Guanpeng Chen Guoming Luan Wu Li Qian Wang fang fang School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Psychology Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Neurosurgery Sanbo Brain HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093China Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Epilepsy CenterSanbo Brain HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100069China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.

关键词： human visual cortex receptive field intracranial EEG local field potential spiking activity

Forensic Study on Objective Evaluation of Visual Acuity of Ametropia with the Event-related Potential P3

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当代医学科学(英文) 2023年第3期43卷 609-614页

作者： Fu-quan JIA fang-liang luo Yan-he XIONG Long-long CHENG Zhi-qiang DANG Ji-hui LIU Department of Forensic Medicine Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot 010059China Judicial Authentication Research Institute Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110036China Shanghai Love Nursing Station Shanghai 200030China Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University Dalian 116001China Dian Regional Forensic Science Institute(Nei Mongol) Hohhot 010041China

Objective In this study,we aimed to assess the characteristics of the P3 component from an event-related potential(ERP)that was induced by visual acuity(VA)***,we sought to provide electrophysiological evidence for the objective evaluation of *** We recruited 32 participants with myopia-related *** reported no other ocular diseases and had an uncorrected VA of 4.0 in both *** used the block letter“E”at different visual angles and orientations as the graphic *** oddball paradigm,consisting of 4 modules,was used for ERP *** standard stimuli of each module were identical,with a visual angle of 1°15′.The visual angles of the target stimuli were 1°15′,55′,24′,and 15′.The VA test was performed on each eye separately for all participants,and all characteristics of the P3 component were *** There was no significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 1°15′group and the 55′group,or between the target stimulation angle 24′group and the 15′*** was a significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 1°15′group and the 24′group as well as the 15′*** was a significant difference in the P3 peak letencies between the target stimulation angle 55′group and the 24′group as well as the 15′*** significant differences were observed in the P3 amplitude between *** In the oddball paradigm,P3 elicitation indicated a cognitive response to the target *** data showed that the characteristics of P3 can be used as an objective evaluation of VA.

关键词： event-related potential P3 visual acuity forensic medicine amplitude

Construction of MTX-CS-TMP-NPs Nano-drug Delivery System and its Observation on Telomerase Activity of Cervical Cancer Hela Cells

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Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期33卷 27-32,39页

作者： YAN Xiao-shuai luo Chao YANG fang The Fifth Hospital of Xianmen Xiamen Fujian 361101China

Objective:To construct methotrexate(MTX)-chitosan(CS)-chuanxiongmuizine(TMP)nano-delivery system MTX-CS-TMP-NPs,and to investigate its effect on the telomerase activity of cervical cancer Hela ***:MTX-CS and MTX-CS-TMP-NPs were prepared by amide reaction and ionic gel method,and the encapsulation rate and drug loading rate were *** method and TRAP method were used to detect Hela cells and telomerase activity,and to compare the difference of telomerase activity of MTX,MTX-CS,and MTX-CS-TMP-NPs on cervical cancer Hela ***:In this study,the total amount of TMP was 150μg,of which the amount of free TMP was(26.46±1.72)μg,the encapsulation rate of TMP was(82.36±0.01)%,and the drug loading was(17.62±0.23)*** activity of Hela cells increased with the extension of time,and the OD value of Hela cell activity(1.24±0.05)was lower than that of the other three groups at 72 h of treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The telomerase activity of He La cells in the MTX-CS-TMP-NPs solution treatment group was(0.23±0.12)%lower than that of the other three groups,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:MTX-CS-TMP-NPs may effectively reduce the activity and telomerase activity of cervical cancer Hela cells,showing its potential anti-cervical cancer effect.

关键词： cervical cancer(CC) Docetaxel MTX telomerase nano-drug delivery system cell cycle