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Evolutionary mechanisms and practical significance of reproductive success and clonal diversity in unisexual vertebrate polyploids

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 449-459页

作者： Meng Lu Li Zhou Jian-fang gui State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Hubei Hongshan Laboratorythe Innovation Academy of Seed DesignInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Unisexual reproduction is generally relevant to polyploidy, and unisexual vertebrates are often considered an evolutionary “dead end” due to the accumulation of deleterious mutations and absence of genetic diversity. However, some unisexual polyploids have developed strategies to avoid genomic decay, and thus provide ideal models to unveil unexplored evolutionary mechanisms, from the reproductive success to clonal diversity creation. This article reviews the evolutionary mechanisms for overcoming meiotic barrier and generating genetic diversity in unisexual vertebrates, and summarizes recent research advancements in the polyploid Carassius complex. Gynogenetic gibel carp(Carassius gibelio) is a unique amphitriploid that has undergone a recurrent autotriploidy and has overcome the bottleneck of triploid sterility via gynogenesis. Recently, an efficient strategy in which ploidy changes, including from amphitriploid to amphitetraploid, then from amphitetraploid to novel amphitriploid, drive unisexual-sexual-unisexual reproduction transition and clonal diversity has been revealed.Based on this new discovery, multigenomic reconstruction biotechnology has been used to breed a novel strain with superior growth and stronger disease resistance. Moreover, a unique reproduction mode that combines both abilities of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion,termed as ameio-fusiongensis, has been discovered, and it provides an efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids. In order to avoid ecological risks upon escape and protect the sustainable property rights of the aquaculture seed industry, a controllable fertility biotechnology approach for precise breeding is being developed by integrating sterile allopolyploid synthesis and gene-editing techniques.This review provides novel insights into the origin and evolution of unisexual vertebrates and into the attempts being made to exploit new breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture.

关键词： unisexual vertebrates polyploidy reproduction transition clonal diversity precise breeding genomic reconstruction controllable fertility

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Competitive assembling strategy to construct carbon nitride homojunctions for boosting photocatalytic performance

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 23-32页

作者： Hua-Wei Zhang Yuan-Yuan Li Bo Li Jing-Hui Shi Tao Huang gui-fang Huang Anlian Pan Wangyu Hu Wei-Qing Huang School of Physics&Electronic Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002China Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education&Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Both morphology and composition have a great influence on the properties and functions of materials,however,how to rational modulate both of them to achieve their synergistic effects has been a longstanding expectation.Herein,we demonstrate a competitive assembling strategy for the construction of metal-free graphite carbon nitride(CN)homojunctions in which morphology and composition can be easily controlled simultaneously by only changing the ratio of assembly raw materials.These homojunctions are comprised of porous nanotubular S-doped CN(SCN)grafted with CN nanovesicles,which are derived from thermal polycondensation of melamine-thiocyanuric acid(M-T)/melamine-cyanuric acid(M-C)supramolecular hybrid blocks.This unique architecture and component engineering endows the novel SCN-CN homojunction with abundant active sites,enhanced visible trapping ability,and intimate interface contact.As a result,the synthesized SCN-CN homojunctions demonstrate high photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation.This developed strategy opens up intriguing opportu-nities for the rational construction of intricate metal-free heterostructures with controllable architecture and interfacial contact for applications in energy-related fields.

关键词： Competitive assembling strategy Supramolecular hybrid blocks Homojunctions Graphite carbon nitride Photocatalytic

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 939-948页

作者： YU Lei ZHANG Jian DONG Miao fang gui Yu Lupeng Shandong Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection School of Resources and EnvironmentLinyi UniversityLinyi 276000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029China

The bidirectional subduction system,island arc magmatic activities,and thermal structure of the forearc basin in the Molucca Sea are taken into consideration in this study.The active volcanic arcs on both sides of the bidirectional subduction zone in the Molucca Sea are undergoing arc-arc collisions.We applied a finite element thermal simulation method to reconstruct the thermal evolution history of the Molucca Sea Plate based on geophysical data.Then,we analyzed the thermodynamic characteristics of island arc volcanism on both sides of the bidirectional subduction zone.The results showed that at 10Myr,the oceanic ridge of the Molucca Sea Plate was asymmetrically biased to the west,causing this bidirectional subduction to be deeper in the west than in the east.Furthermore,the oceanic ridge subducted under the Sangihe arc at 5.5Myr,causing intermittent cessation of volcanic activities.Due to the convergence of bidirectional subduction,the geothermal gradient in the top 3km depth of the forearc area between the Sangihe and Halmahera arcs decreased from about 60℃km^(−1) at 4Myr to about 38℃km^(−1) today.Finally,within the 45–100 km depth range of the sliding surface of the subduction,anomalously high-temperature zones formed due to shear friction during the bidirectional subduction.

关键词： Molucca Sea bidirectional subduction zone arc thermal simulation:island-arc magmatism

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Circ_0012152 Accelerates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progression through the miR-652-3p/SOX4 Axis

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 611-622页

作者： Ying CHEN Bi-xia LI Ting-ting NIU Shu-jun YANG Li-chao WU Le-huai SHI Duo-bing ZOU Ning-ning WU Li-xia SHENG Xiao YAN gui-fang OUYANG Qi-tian MU Laboratory of Stem Cell Transplantation The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo315300China Ningbo Clinical Research Center For Hematologic Malignancies Ningbo315300China Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo UniversityNingbo315300China School of Medicine Hangzhou City UniversityZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310000China Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province Ningbo315300China

Objective Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is an aggressive hematological malignancy characterized by abnormal myeloid blast expansion.Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs play a role in AML pathogenesis.In this study,we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of circ_0012152 in AML and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of this condition.Methods Circ_0012152 expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in samples obtained from 247 patients with AML and 40 healthy controls.A systematic analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors was also conducted.Cell growth was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and apoptosis and cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry.Moreover,RNA pull-down was performed to identify target microRNAs,and transcriptome RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were utilized to identify downstream mRNA targets.Results Circ_0012152 was significantly upregulated in samples from patients with AML and served as an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival(OS)(hazard ratio:2.357;95%confidence interval 1.258–4.415).The circ_0012152 knockdown reduced cell growth,increased apoptosis,and inhibited cell cycle progression in AML cell lines.RNA pull-down and sequencing identified miR-652-3p as a target microRNA of circ_0012152.Cell growth inhibition by circ_0012152 knockdown was significantly relieved by miR-652-3p inhibitors.We suggested that miR-652-3p targeted SOX4,as the decrease in SOX4 expression resulting from circ_0012152 knockdown was upregulated by miR-652-3p inhibitors in AML cells.Conclusion Circ_0012152 is an independent poor prognostic factor for OS in AML,and it promotes AML cell growth by upregulating SOX4 through miR-652-3p.

关键词： acute myeloid leukemia circ_0012152 miR-652-3p SOX4 cell growth

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生涯教育的国家行动:国际经验及我国战略应对

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西北师大学报（社会科学版） 2024年第3期61卷 72-81页

作者：索桂芳河北师范大学教育学院河北石家庄050024

在当前落实立德树人根本任务、全面发展素质教育的大背景下,加强生涯教育具有重要的战略意义:是培养对国家、对社会、对民族真正有用人才的需要,是促进人终身发展、全面发展、个性发展的需要,是保障育人方式转变和新高考改革顺利推进的... 详细信息

在当前落实立德树人根本任务、全面发展素质教育的大背景下,加强生涯教育具有重要的战略意义:是培养对国家、对社会、对民族真正有用人才的需要,是促进人终身发展、全面发展、个性发展的需要,是保障育人方式转变和新高考改革顺利推进的需要,也是应对百年未有之大变局和全球产业竞争的需要。成功推行生涯教育,需要国家层面强有力的保障和支持,国外将发展生涯教育上升为国家行动,强化立法保障与政策支持,强化组织保障与经费支持,强化顶层设计与战略指导,强化平台建设与公共服务提供,强化机制建立与环境氛围营造,强化师资队伍建设与专业发展,从而推动生涯教育在本国蓬勃有效地开展。借鉴国际经验,从我国实际出发,为使我国生涯教育走出当前困境,应从战略上提升对生涯教育的认识,增强社会认同;坚持立法先行,建立健全相关法律;加强组织机构建设,为推进生涯教育提供组织保障;建立长效机制,破解学校生涯教育面对的缺乏经费、师资以及职业体验机会等难题;强化战略指导,提供基本公共服务,完善对学校的考核评价。

关键词：生涯教育国家行动国际经验战略应对

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面向板料精准堆垛的线特征位姿标定方法

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包装工程 2024年第9期45卷 185-192页

作者：方归刘怀广武汉科技大学冶金装备及其控制教育部重点实验室武汉430081 武汉科技大学机械传动与制造工程湖北省重点实验室武汉430081

目的板料堆垛是现代流程工业生产中常见的生产环节,其堆垛质量影响着包装和运输安全。针对多边形板料自动堆垛中机械手抓取和对齐问题,提出一种基于网格筛选的线特征相机位姿标定方法,给出空间特征点的选择标准,解决因板料纹理不足带来... 详细信息

目的板料堆垛是现代流程工业生产中常见的生产环节,其堆垛质量影响着包装和运输安全。针对多边形板料自动堆垛中机械手抓取和对齐问题,提出一种基于网格筛选的线特征相机位姿标定方法,给出空间特征点的选择标准,解决因板料纹理不足带来的点特征精度下降的问题。方法首先通过检测特征点来表示待匹配线,然后利用基于三角网格的线特征构型筛选算法,获得精确的匹配线;再利用单应性矩阵求解获得转换矩阵,最后通过转换在线板料图像,获得实际抓取点和转换角度。结果通过桌面板料抓取实验和现场验证,重投影误差不超过2像素,1 m板料的堆垛误差为0.5 mm,结论证明了此方法在板料自动堆垛过程中针对特征检测和位姿估计问题的有效性。

关键词：位姿估计特征检测筛选网格划分机械臂抓取堆垛

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锡伯语语音变化探析

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蒙古学研究（蒙文版） 2024年第1期 49-52,123页

作者：桂芳不详

Xibe Language exhibits a considerable amount of phonetic variation and complexity.Although the phonetic changes in Xibe Language do not serve a distinguishing purpose in the flow of speech,they reflect the phonetic characteristics of the language,thus affecting people's normal communication to a certain extent.Based on field survey data collected in the Xibe people who lives in Qabqaal Xibe Autonomous County,Xinjiang,the author analyzes the phonetic changes and summarizes the patterns of phonetic variation of Xibe Languag.

关键词：语音变化 complexity. lives

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气体调控的高分子自组装

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高分子学报 2024年第7期55卷 781-801页

作者：牟桂芳杨翠琴闫强复旦大学聚合物分子工程国家重点实验室高分子科学系上海200433

响应性高分子是智能高分子的重要组成部分,其可以感应外部刺激、通过改变高分子结构实现对高分子功能的精确调控.气体作为一种不同于常规物理或化学信号的“绿色”刺激方式,用于对高分子自组装过程的调控具有重要意义.然而,由于气体分... 详细信息

响应性高分子是智能高分子的重要组成部分,其可以感应外部刺激、通过改变高分子结构实现对高分子功能的精确调控.气体作为一种不同于常规物理或化学信号的“绿色”刺激方式,用于对高分子自组装过程的调控具有重要意义.然而,由于气体分子通常缺乏可控反应位点且调控过程难以量化控制,目前这一刺激-调控方式的发展相对缓慢.面对上述挑战,本文系统介绍了“气敏高分子”与“气筑高分子”两类新型气体调控的高分子组装系统.结合本课题组工作,总结了以生命体三大气体信号分子——硫化氢(H2S)、一氧化碳(CO)和一氧化氮(NO)为刺激源,面向气敏高分子的设计与可控组装方面的研究进展;以及通过气体动态化学,以二氧化碳(CO2)等气体为连接单元,面向气筑高分子的结构设计、动态自组装及其功能应用方面的研究工作.

关键词：高分子自组装气体气敏高分子气筑高分子功能组装体

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Clinical manifestation,lifestyle,and treatment patterns of chronic erosive gastritis:A multicenter real-world study in China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1108-1120页

作者： Ying-Yun Yang Ke-Min Li gui-fang Xu Cheng-Dang Wang Hua Xiong Xiao-Zhong Wang Chun-Hui Wang Bing-Yong Zhang Hai-Xing Jiang Jing Sun Yan Xu Li-Juan Zhang Hao-Xuan Zheng Xiang-Bin Xing Liang-Jing Wang Xiu-Li Zuo Shi-Gang Ding Rong Lin Chun-Xiao Chen Xing-Wei Wang Jing-Nan Li Department of Gastroenterology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing 21000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350005Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Renji HospitalShanghai 200127China Department of Gastroenterology Union Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350000Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityThe Henan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou 450003Henan ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UnivesrityRuijin HospitalSchool MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033Jilin ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Nanfang HospitalGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Shandong University Qilu HospitalJinan 250012Shandong ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Gastroenterology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022Hubei Pr

BACKGROUND Although chronic erosive gastritis(CEG)is common,its clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated.The lack of consensus regarding its treatment has resulted in varied treatment regimens.AIM To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment patterns,and short-term outcomes in CEG patients in China.METHODS We recruited patients with chronic non-atrophic or mild-to-moderate atrophic gastritis with erosion based on endoscopy and pathology.Patients and treating physicians completed a questionnaire regarding history,endoscopic findings,and treatment plans as well as a follow-up questionnaire to investigate changes in symptoms after 4 wk of treatment.RESULTS Three thousand five hundred sixty-three patients from 42 centers across 24 cities in China were included.Epigastric pain(68.0%),abdominal distension(62.6%),and postprandial fullness(47.5%)were the most common presenting symptoms.Gastritis was classified as chronic non-atrophic in 69.9%of patients.Among those with erosive lesions,72.1%of patients had lesions in the antrum,51.0%had multiple lesions,and 67.3%had superficial flat lesions.In patients with epigastric pain,the combination of a mucosal protective agent(MPA)and proton pump inhibitor was more effective.For those with postprandial fullness,acid regurgitation,early satiety,or nausea,a MPA appeared more promising.CONCLUSION CEG is a multifactorial disease which is common in Asian patients and has non-specific symptoms.Gastroscopy may play a major role in its detection and diagnosis.Treatment should be individualized based on symptom profile.

关键词： Chronic erosive gastritis Symptom Endoscopic findings Treatment pattern Real-world

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新型研发机构功能定位的实现机制研究——以北京为例

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科学学研究 2024年第3期42卷 563-570页

作者：于贵芳胡贝贝王海芸北京市科学技术研究院北京100089 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院北京100190

新型研发机构作为一种新的研发组织形式,正逐步成为创新驱动发展的新生力量。文章从知识协同视角构建了包括机制层、目标层、功能层三方面的新型研发机构功能定位实现机制理论模型,并以北京为例,从中选取北京智源人工智能研究院等3个代... 详细信息

新型研发机构作为一种新的研发组织形式,正逐步成为创新驱动发展的新生力量。文章从知识协同视角构建了包括机制层、目标层、功能层三方面的新型研发机构功能定位实现机制理论模型,并以北京为例,从中选取北京智源人工智能研究院等3个代表性新型研发机构,对其功能定位的实现机制进行了多案例分析,研究发现:新型研发机构通过一系列内部治理机制创新,突破创新协同中的知识流动障碍,支撑其基础研究、应用研究到成果转化集成功能的实现。基于此提出应进一步促进多元主体参与新型研发机构创新,进一步创新管理机制保障新型研发机构成果转化应用等政策启示。

关键词：新型研发机构功能定位实现机制

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