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Recent observations and research progresses of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes during thunderstorms

Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第3期66卷 435-455页

作者： fanchao lyu Yijun ZHANG Gaopeng LU Baoyou ZHU Hongbo ZHANG Wei XU Shaolin XIONG Weitao lyu Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200441China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China Electronic Information School Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100081China

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs)are high-energy emissions in thunderstorms that were discovered first by satellite-based and then by ground-based gamma-ray detectors with photon energy up to tens of Me *** are a natural highenergy phenomenon associated with lightning discharges that frequently occur during ***,their production mechanisms and associated processes are still *** studies have already been a research spotlight in the atmospheric electricity and high-energy atmosphere research *** this paper,we review recent research progresses on TGF studies in the past decade,including TGF detection,the relationship between TGFs and lightning processes,and thunderstorm *** unsolved important scientific questions are *** suggest that upward TGFs observed by satellite-based detectors are closely connected with the development of in-cloud upward negative *** are usually generated in milliseconds of the initiation of upward negative leaders and may produce a kind of distinct radio emissions because of the generation and propagation of huge amounts of high-energy *** contrast,its counterpart,i.e.,downward TGFs observed by ground-based gamma-ray detectors,is associated with different types of lightning processes,such as downward negative or upward positive leaders,the initial continuing current stage of rocket-triggered lightning flashes return stroke *** of limited observations,how these downward TGFs are generated is still *** from the development of state-of-the-art instruments with high temporal and spatial resolutions,new insights into the processes and mechanisms of TGFs will be achieved with coordinated observations from satellite-based and ground-based measurements.

关键词： Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes(TGFs) Lightning Thunderstorm High-energy emissions Radio emission detection

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Development of a low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)in North China:validation and preliminary results

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第4期7卷 460-470页

作者： Xiao Li GaoPeng Lu fanchao lyu HongBo Zhang Kainat Qamar RuBin Jiang School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210000China Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

A low-frequency magnetic lightning mapping system(LFM-LMS)was built during the SHAndong Triggered Lightning Experiment(SHATLE),based on continuous measurements of magnetic field radiation from *** hardware and source-mapping techniques used by the LFM-LMS were introduced;both Monte Carlo simulations and the observation of rocket-triggered lightning examples were employed to examine the location accuracy and detection effectiveness of the *** estimated that the system’s location accuracy about 100−200 m horizontally and~200 m vertically.A natural intra-cloud lightning flash and a rocket-triggered lightning flash,both with intricate structures and discharging processes,were examined using the three-dimensional mapping *** progressing path of negative lightning leaders is usually well-defined,and its propagation speed is estimated to be(0.5−1.4)×10^(6)m/*** summary,the LFM-LMS can reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of lightning flashes;this technology provides a efficient method for investigating the characteristics of lightning development,as well as the overall electrical strucuture of thunderstorms.

关键词： rocket-triggered lightning low-frequency magnetic field lightning mapping observation location accuracy

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A Review of Atmospheric Electricity Research in China from 2019 to 2022

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1457-1484页

作者： Weitao lyu Dong ZHENG Yang ZHANG Wen YAO Rubin JIANG Shanfeng YUAN Dongxia LIU fanchao lyu Baoyou ZHU Gaopeng LU Qilin ZHANG Yongbo TAN Xuejuan WANG Yakun LIU Shaodong CHEN lyuwen CHEN Qingyong LI Yijun ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric SciencesNanjing 210041China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510641China Beijing Key Lab of Transportation Data Analysis and Mining Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Atmospheric electricity is composed of a series of electric phenomena in the *** advances in atmospheric electricity research conducted in China have been achieved in recent *** this paper,the research progress on atmospheric electricity achieved in China during 2019-22 is reviewed focusing on the following aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques,(2)thunderstorm electricity,(3)lightning forecasting methods and techniques,(4)physical processes of lightning discharge,(5)high energy emissions and effects of thunderstorms on the upper atmosphere,and(6)the effect of aerosol on lightning.

关键词： atmospheric electricity thunderstorm lightning lightning detection lightning physics

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A Localization Method of High Energy Transients for All-sky Gamma-ray Monitor

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第10期 27-37页

作者： Yi Zhao Wangchen Xue Shaolin Xiong Qi Luo Yuanhao Wang Jiacong Liu Heng Yu Xiaoyun Zhao Yue Huang Jinyuan Liao Jianchao Sun Xiaobo Li Qibin Yi Ce Cai Shuo Xiao Shenglun Xie Chao Zheng Yanqiu Zhang Chenwei Wang Wenjun Tan Zhiwei Guo Chaoyang Li Zhenghua An Gang Chen Yanqi Du Min Gao Ke Gong Dongya Guo Jiang He Jianjian He Bing Li Gang Li Xinqiao Li Jing Liang Xiaohua Liang Yaqing Liu Xiang Ma Rui Qiao Liming Song Xinying Song Xilei Sun Jin Wang Ping Wang Xiangyang Wen Hong Wu Yanbing Xu Sheng Yang Dali Zhang Fan Zhang Hongmei Zhang Peng Zhang Shu Zhang Zhen Zhang Shijie Zheng Keke Zhang Xingbo Han Haiyan Wu Hu Tai Hao Geng Gaopeng Lu Wei Xu fanchao lyu Hongbo Zhang Fangjun Lu Shuangnan Zhang Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University College of Physics Hebei Normal University Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing Guizhou Normal University School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal University Institute of Astrophysics Central China Normal University College of physics Sciences Technology Hebei University Physics and Space Science College China West Normal University School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwest Jiaotong University College of Electronic and information Engineering Tongji University Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of Chinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Electronic Information School Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Fast and reliable localization of high-energy transients is crucial for characterizing the burst properties and guiding the follow-up observations. Localization based on the relative counts of different detectors has been widely used for all-sky gamma-ray monitors. There are two major methods for this count distribution localization: χ2minimization method and the Bayesian method. Here we propose a modified Bayesian method that could take advantage of both the accuracy of the Bayesian method and the simplicity of the χ2method. With comprehensive simulations, we find that our Bayesian method with Poisson likelihood is generally more applicable for various bursts than the χ2method, especially for weak bursts. We further proposed a location-spectrum iteration approach based on the Bayesian inference, which could alleviate the problems caused by the spectral difference between the burst and location templates. Our method is very suitable for scenarios with limited computation resources or timesensitive applications, such as in-flight localization software, and low-latency localization for rapidly follow-up observations.

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Interconnected microstructure and flexural behavior of Ti_(2)C-Ti composites with superior Young’s modulus

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第9期31卷 2088-2101页

作者： Fengbo Sun Rui Zhang fanchao Meng Shuai Wang Lujun Huang Lin Geng School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing School of EngineeringUniversity of WaikatoHamilton 3240New Zealand State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

To enhance the Young’s modulus(E)and strength of titanium alloys,we designed titanium matrix composites with intercon-nected microstructure based on the Hashin-Shtrikman *** to the results,the in-situ reaction yielded an interconnected microstructure composed of Ti_(2)C particles when the Ti_(2)C content reached 50vol%.With widths of 10 and 230 nm,the intraparticle Ti lamellae in the prepared composite exhibited a bimodal size distribution due to precipitation and the unreacted Ti phase within the grown Ti_(2)C *** composites with interconnected microstructure attained superior properties,including E of 174.3 GPa and ultimate flexural strength of 1014 *** with that of pure Ti,the E of the composite was increased by 55% due to the high Ti_(2)C content and interconnected *** outstanding strength resulted from the strong interfacial bonding,load-bearing capacity of interconnected Ti_(2)C particles,and bimodal intraparticle Ti lamellae,which minimized the average crack driving *** flexural tests revealed preferential crack initiation along the{001}cleavage plane and grain boundary of Ti_(2)C in the region with the highest tensile *** addition,the propagation can be efficiently inhibited by interparticle Ti grains,which prevented the brittle fracture of the composites.

关键词： titanium matrix composites titanium carbide interface Young’s modulus flexural behavior

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Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation Dominated by Crystallographic Factors in TiB/near α-Ti Composite

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第5期37卷 763-776页

作者： fanchao Meng Rui Zhang Shuai Wang Fengbo Sun Run Chen Lujun Huang Lin Geng School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing School of EngineeringUniversity of WaikatoHamilton 3240New Zealand State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Discontinuously reinforced titanium matrix composites(DRTMCs)with a network structure have been extensively researched due to their superior combination of strength and ***,their fatigue performance has remained *** order to elucidate the fatigue behavior of DRTMCs,a tension-tension fatigue test was performed on a TiB/nearα-Ti composite with network *** results showed that the variability of fatigue lifetime increased as the stress level *** analysis indicated that fatigue crack initiation was associated with facet formation,while the subsequent propagation was hindered by the network structure comprising TiB whiskers and *** characterization further revealed that facets formed due to a combination of shear and normal *** reduction in fatigue lifetime was attributed to an increase in the effective slip length,which was influenced by the orientation of grains near the crack-initiation sites toward basal slip in the life-limiting *** in situ observation suggested that the crack initiation was facilitated by both basal and prismatic slip ofα-Ti as well as fracture of *** propagation was found to be associated with basal and prismatic slip systems with high Schmid factors,regardless of whether the crack was intergranular or intragranular.

关键词： Titanium matrix composite TiBw Fatigue lifetime variability Crack initiation Crack propagation

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Responses of runoff to changes in climate and human activities in the Liuhe River Basin, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1023-1043页

作者： LI Mingqian WANG He DU Wei GU Hongbiao ZHOU fanchao CHI Baoming School of Ecology and Environment Institute of Disaster PreventionLangfang 065201China Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource and Environmental Disaster Mechanism and Risk Monitoring Sanhe 065201China Suzhou Qianxing Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd.Suzhou 215000China College of Transportation Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210000China Tianjin North China Geological Exploration General Institute Tianjin 300000China

Since the 1950s,numerous soil and water conservation measures have been implemented to control severe soil erosion in the Liuhe River Basin(LRB),*** these measures have protected the upstream soil and water ecological environment,they have led to a sharp reduction in the downstream flow and the deterioration of the river ecological ***,it is important to evaluate the impact of soil and water conservation measures on hydrological processes to assess long-term runoff *** the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)models and sensitivity analyses based on the Budyko hypothesis,this study quantitatively evaluated the effects of climate change,direct water withdrawal,and soil and water conservation measures on runoff in the LRB during different periods,including different responses to runoff discharge,hydrological regime,and flood *** runoff series were divided into a baseline period(1956-1969)and two altered periods,i.e.,period 1(1970-1999)and period 2(2000-2020).Human activities were the main cause of the decrease in runoff during the altered periods,contributing 86.03%(-29.61 mm),while the contribution of climate change was only 13.70%(-4.70 mm).The impact of climate change manifests as a decrease in flood volume caused by a reduction in precipitation during the flood *** of two flood cases indicated a 66.00%-84.00%reduction in basin runoff capacity due to soil and water conservation measures in the upstream *** and water conservation measures reduced the peak flow and total flood volume in the upstream runoff area by 77.98%and 55.16%,respectively,even with nearly double the *** runoff coefficient in the reservoir area without soil and water conservation measures was 4.0 times that in the conservation *** results contribute to the re-evaluation of soil and water conservation hydrological effects and provide important guidance for water resource planning and water conservation policy formu

关键词： runoff soil and water conservation climate variability flood human activities Liuhe River Basin

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Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH3536-TiB_(2) composites fabricated by powder metallurgy

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2107-2124页

作者： ZHOU ShiPeng WANG Shuai HUANG LuJun ZHANG Rui CHEN Xin MENG fanchao CHEN Run SUN FengBo WANG CunYu GENG Lin School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing School of EngineeringUniversity of WaikatoHamilton 3240New Zealand State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of GH3536-TiB2composites fabricated by powder metallurgy(PM)were examined in the temperature range of 950–1150℃ and strain rate range of 0.001–1 s^(-1). The hot compression stress-strain curves and the constitutive equation were obtained. In addition, the hot processing map was drawn, which indicated that the appropriate hot working window was 950–1050℃/0.001–0.1 s^(-1)and 1050–1100℃/0.001–0.01 s^(-1). The microstructure analysis showed that the splitting and spheroidization of M3B2led to a decrease in size and volume fraction at 950–1100℃. At 1150℃,the eutectic microstructure of M_(3)B_(2)+ γ was formed due to the dissolution of M_(3)B_(2), which caused macroscopic cracking of the deformed sample. Additionally, the deformation temperature and the strain rate had little effect on the size and volume fraction of M_(3)B_(2). Besides, discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX) and continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX) were found in the deformed microstructure, while the former was dominant. Within the test range of this work, the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) fraction of the deformed composites was high due to the bulging nucleation of numerous interfaces. The DRX grain size increased with increasing deformation temperature or decreasing strain rate. Texture analysis showed that the deformation texture of //compression direction RD existed in the matrix when the deformation temperature was below 1100℃, and the texture type became //RD at 1100℃. Additionally, it was also found that the //RD texture was formed in M3B2under the strain rates of 0.1 and 0.01 s^(-1).

关键词： GH3536 alloy matrix composites powder metallurgy hot deformation behavior microstructure evolution

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欣德米特晚期调性功能理论探微

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音乐艺术（上海音乐学院学报） 2024年第2期 178-192页

作者：霍凡超西安音乐学院作曲系西安710061

欣德米特在其晚期著作中提出“调性功能理论”,并赋予音序I中每个音级以独立的功能涵义,进而使十二个半音各自拥有独特的十二种功能。调性功能理论突破了传统和声理论中自然音体系与半音体系的界限,并将和弦与和弦连接放置在调性功能的... 详细信息

欣德米特在其晚期著作中提出“调性功能理论”,并赋予音序I中每个音级以独立的功能涵义,进而使十二个半音各自拥有独特的十二种功能。调性功能理论突破了传统和声理论中自然音体系与半音体系的界限,并将和弦与和弦连接放置在调性功能的语境中评判其调性价值。和弦根音的功能决定其和弦结构的复杂程度、协和程度及其调性价值;在和弦连接中,根音之间的功能远近决定其调性价值。该理论作为“新调性”音乐分析研究方法或视角,旨在延续传统和声功能理念,并寻求其拓展与突破的可能。

关键词：欣德米特调性功能理论三声部写作传统和声

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对流层雷暴在近地空间的高能辐射效应——地球伽马射线闪

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中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学 2020年第12期50卷 58-69页

作者：陆高鹏熊少林吕凡超张鸿波徐未杨靖祝宝友刘非凡李东帅中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学学院合肥230026 中国科学院高能物理研究所北京100049 南京气象科技创新研究院中国气象科学研究院南京210000 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029 科罗拉多大学博尔德分校航空工程科学系美国博尔德CO 80303 西班牙国家研究委员会安达卢西亚天体物理研究所西班牙格拉纳达18008

对流层中的活跃雷暴通过其内部的闪电活动实现不同空间、时间尺度和强度的电荷传输,在雷暴上空的广阔空间中导致了多种形式的瞬态电磁效应.其中,云内闪电可通过其初始阶段的上行负极性先导产生具有较高电离性的硬X射线和伽马射线脉冲,... 详细信息

对流层中的活跃雷暴通过其内部的闪电活动实现不同空间、时间尺度和强度的电荷传输,在雷暴上空的广阔空间中导致了多种形式的瞬态电磁效应.其中,云内闪电可通过其初始阶段的上行负极性先导产生具有较高电离性的硬X射线和伽马射线脉冲,形成地球伽马射线闪(Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes,TGFs).本文简要综述了过去十年来基于国外卫星平台的TGF研究进展,主要包括:(1)TGF通常由云闪初始阶段的上行负先导产生,且经常伴随峰值电流较大、脉冲电荷传输较强的云内放电过程(称之为云闪初始阶段的云内大脉冲过程);(2)基于TGF宽带射频信号的特征,可以发展出基于地面闪电信号测量的TGF遥感方法,从而提高TGF及其母体雷暴的可研究样本量;(3)关于TGF的产生机制,目前尚没有统一观点,存在热逃逸电子和相对论逃逸电子雪崩击穿两种主流理论,这主要是因为目前还无法对TGF源区进行有效的观测.相对于中高层放电现象(如红色精灵、巨型喷流、蓝色射流等),国内学者对于地球伽马射线闪的研究起步较晚,相关的观测和机理研究落后于欧美研究团队.得益于近年来中国空间探测技术的创新发展,尤其是"慧眼"-硬X射线调制望远镜卫星(Insight-HXMT)和引力波暴高能电磁对应体全天监测器(GECAM)等项目的实施,在地基闪电探测技术持续发展的基础上,中国的研究团队有望在地球伽马射线闪研究领域取得一系列重要进展.

关键词： “慧眼”-硬X射线调制望远镜卫星(Insight-HXMT) 引力波暴高能电磁对应体全天监测器(GECAM) 地球伽马射线闪(TGFs) 云闪初始阶段负极性上行先导

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