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Observation of an upward lightning flash with 21 upward positive leaders initiated from different wind turbines in wind farm

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High Voltage 2024年第1期9卷 163-171页

作者： Li Cai Yifeng Ke Wenchao fan Ruisheng Yan Mi Zhou Jianguo wang Yadong fan Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Lightning Protection and Grounding Technology School of Electrical Engineering and AutomationWuhan UniversityWuhanChina

As the wind turbine height increases,the probability of multiple upward leaders flashes within the wind farm *** this study,an upward lightning flash containing 21 upward positive leaders(UPLs)initiated from different wind turbines in Zhangbei Wind Farm was *** average speed of the UPLs was 1.2×10^(5) m/s,which mostly decreased to zero before reaching the cloud *** four UPLs developed to cloud height,with prolonged periods of bright light on three of them and with a minimum duration of 126 ms.A total of nine return strokes occurred on the other two dissipated leader channels,and the numbers of strokes on the two channels was six and three,*** average interstroke interval for the return strokes was 10.5 *** of these nine return strokes had peak currents smaller than 10 *** high-speed video frames confirmed that competition does exist between the UPLs,and the range of shielding effects increases as the height of the ULs *** effect of fan rotation on the initiation of upward leaders and the shielding effect between the wind turbines and upward leaders are discussed.

关键词： flash return initiated

Advancing neuroscience through real-time processing of big data:Transition from open-loop to closed-loop paradigms

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Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 518-519页

作者： Yu-fan.wang Jiu-Lin Du Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 200031China

The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the *** research methodologies in neuroscience,especially those employed in brain imaging experiments,have mainly adopted an open-loop paradigm(Grosenick et al.,2015).Functional neural circuits are analyzed offline and subsequently tested through manipulation of neuronal activities within specific regions or with genetic *** establishing a closed-loop research paradigm,functional ensembles can be detected and tested in real time with temporal *** functional ensembles,rather than brain regions or genetically labeled neural populations,serve as fundamental units of neural networks,offering valuable insights into the dissection of neural *** closed-loop research paradigm also enables the capture of high-dimensional activities of internal brain dynamics and precise elucidation of physiological processes such as learning,decision-making,and sleep.

关键词： neural loop Transition

Persistent mixing bursts in the equatorial Pacific thermocline induced by persistent equatorial waves

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 492-510页

作者： Jingjing ZHANG Chuanyu LIU Xiang GONG fan.wang School of Mathematics and Physics Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China

A recent study by Liu et al.(2020)suggested that due to the saturation of equatorially trapped planetary waves with different dynamical types,temporal periods,meridional and baroclinic modes,complex layer structures of vertical velocity shear and hence turbulent mixing could frequently occur in the thermocline of the eastern equatorial *** investigated the occurrence of the interior turbulent mixing as indicated by shear instabilities,above the Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)core at three equatorial sites along 140°W,170°W,and 165°E,respectively,based mainly on data from the Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean(TAO)mooring *** found that turbulent mixing bursts persisted in the thermocline of all three ***,the interior turbulent mixing layers(ITMLs)could occur in probability of approximately 68%,53%,and 48%at the three sites,*** overall occurrence probability shows obvious and similar biannual variations at 140°W and 170°W,which is higher in boreal from late summer to winter and lower in ***,the ITMLs are primarily located above the EUC core and prevail in deeper(shallower)layers from late summer to winter(spring).Most ITMLs(70%)lasted for hours to 3 days,and a few of them(15%)for more than 7 *** thicknesses of ITMLs were concentrated between 15 and 55 *** 165°E,the vertical distribution of ITML occurrence probability was different from that at 140°W and 170°W,as it did not show a preference for depths;the durations of ITMLs are short(also from hours to several days)and their thicknesses were between 5 and 25 *** properties,particularly the high occurrence probability,and short durations demonstrated the persistence of thermocline mixing in the western to eastern equatorial Pacific thermocline and confirmed the generation mechanism by persistent equatorial waves as well.

关键词： interior turbulent mixing layer(ITML) weakly sheared layer(WSL) Equatorial Undercurrent(EUC)core occurrence probability seasonality

Emerging roles of exosomes in oral diseases progression

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 36-51页

作者： Jiayi wang Junjun Jing Chenchen Zhou Yi fan State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina

Oral diseases, such as periodontitis, salivary gland diseases, and oral cancers, significantly challenge health conditions due to their detrimental effects on patient's digestive functions, pronunciation, and esthetic demands. Delayed diagnosis and non-targeted treatment profoundly influence patients' prognosis and quality of life. The exploration of innovative approaches for early detection and precise treatment represents a promising frontier in oral medicine.

关键词： diseases diagnosis salivary

The historical to future linkage of Arctic amplification on extreme precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere using CMIP5 and CMIP6 models

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第4期15卷 573-583页

作者： Jun LIU Xiao-fan.wang Dong-You WU Xin wang Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Arctic warming played a dominant role in recent occurrences of extreme events over the Northern Hemisphere,but climate models cannot accurately simulate the *** a significant positive correlation(0.33-0.95)between extreme precipitation and Arctic amplification(AA)is found using observations and CMIP5/6 multi-model ***,CMIP6 models are superior to CMIP5 models in simulating the temporal evolution of extreme precipitation and *** to 14 optimal CMIP6 models,the maximum latitude of planetary waves and the strength of Northern Hemisphere annular mode(NAM)will increase with increasing AA,contributing to increased extreme precipitation over the Northern *** the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5-8.5,AA is expected to increase by 0.85℃ per decade while the maximum latitude of planetary waves will increase by 2.82°per ***,the amplitude of the NAM will increase by 0.21 hPa per decade,contributing to a rise in extreme precipitation of 1.17% per decade for R95pTOT and 0.86% per decade for R99pTOT by 2100.

关键词： Arctic amplification Extreme precipitation CMIP5 CMIP6 Model evaluation Planetary waves Northern hemisphere annular mode

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and their delicate balance between ACE2 affinity and antibody evasion

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Protein & Cell 2024年第6期15卷 403-418页

作者： Song Xue Yuru Han fan Wu Qiao wang Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityShanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and InfectionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Intensive selection pressure constrains the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and results in various novel variants with distinct mutation *** mutations,particularly those within the receptor binding domain(RBD)of SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)protein,lead to the functional alteration in both receptor engagement and monoclonal antibody(mAb)***,we review the data of the RBD point mutations possessed by major SARS-CoV-2 variants and discuss their individual effects on ACE2 affinity and immune *** single amino acid substitutions within RBD epitopes crucial for the antibody evasion capacity may conversely weaken ACE2 binding ***,this weakened effect could be largely compensated by specific epistatic mutations,such as N501Y,thus maintaining the overall ACE2 affinity for the spike protein of all major *** predominant direction of SARS-CoV-2 evolution lies neither in promoting ACE2 affinity nor evading mAb neutralization but in maintaining a delicate balance between these two ***,this review interprets how RBD mutations efficiently resist antibody neutralization and meanwhile how the affinity between ACE2 and spike protein is maintained,emphasizing the significance of comprehensive assessment of spike mutations.

关键词： ACE2 affinity maintained

Contrasts of bimodal tropical instability waves(TIWs)-induced wind stress perturbations in the Pacific Ocean among observations,ocean models,and coupled climate models

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第1期42卷 1-23页

作者： Kai MA Chuanyu LIU Junli XU fan.wang School of Mathematics and Physics Research Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary SciencesQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao 266237China

The coupling between wind stress perturbations and sea surface temperature(SST)perturbations induced by tropical instability waves(TIWs)in the Pacific Ocean has been revealed previously and proven crucial to both the atmosphere and ***,an overlooked fact by previous studies is that the loosely defined“TIWs”actually consist of two modes,including the Yanai wave-based TIW on the equator(hereafter eTIW)and the Rossby wave-based TIW off the equator(hereafter vTIW).Hence,the individual feedbacks of the wind stress to the bimodal TIWs remain *** this study,individual coupling relationships are established for both eTIW and v TIW,including the relationship between the TIW-induced SST perturbations and two components of wind stress perturbations,and the relationship between the TIW-induced wind stress perturbation divergence(curl)and the downwind(crosswind)TIW-induced SST *** show that,due to different distributions of eTIW and vTIW,the coupling strength induced by the eTIW is stronger on the equator,and that by the vTIW is stronger off the *** results of any of eTIW and vTIW are higher than those of the loosely defined *** further investigated how well the coupling relationships remained in several widely recognized oceanic general circulation models and fully coupled climate ***,the coupling relationships cannot be well represented in most numerical ***,we confirmed that higher resolution usually corresponds to more accurate ***,the coupling models established in this study are complementary to previous research and can be used to refine the oceanic and coupled climate models.

关键词： bimodal tropical instability waves mesoscale air-sea interaction coupled models Yanai wave

Investigation of Maxima Assumptions in Modelling Tropical Cyclone- Induced Hazards in the South China Sea

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 491-504页

作者： WEN Ze-guo wang Fu-ming WAN Jing YANG fan School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat-sen University&Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Guangdong Academy of Safety Science and Technology Guangzhou 510060China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Oceanic Civil Engineering Guangzhou 510275China Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(Yangjiang Offshore Wind Energy Laboratory) Yangjiang 529500China

The present study aims to examine the suitability of two commonly used assumptions that simplify modelling metoceanconditions for designing offshore wind turbines in the South China Sea (SCS). The first assumption assumes thatjoint N-year extreme wind and wave events can be independently estimated and subsequently combined. The secondone assumes peak wind and waves can be modelled as occurring simultaneously during a tropical cyclone (TC) *** better understand the potential TC activity, a set of 10000 years synthetic TC events are generated. The wind fieldmodel and the Mike 21 spectral wave model are employed to model the TC-induced hazards. Subsequently, theeffect of the assumptions is evaluated by analyzing the peak structural response of both monopile and semisubmersibleoffshore wind turbines during TC events. The results demonstrate that the examined assumptions are generally *** assessing the implications of these assumptions, valuable insights are obtained, which can inform andimprove the modelling of TC-induced hazards in the SCS region.

关键词： tropical cyclone numerical wave modelling hazards offshore wind turbines structural response

Investigation of electrostatically tunable adhesion and instability of flying head slider

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 462-473页

作者： fan ZHANG Yu wang Yueqiang HU Mingquan ZHANG Baotong LI School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China National Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Grinding College of Mechanical and Vehicle EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The interfacial adhesion between microstructures is inevitable in a micro-electro-mechanical system(e.g.,hard disk drive(HDD)),which may lead to complicated microtribodynamics *** research has investigated the effect of surface potential on the interfacial adhesion and microtribodynamics of the head–disk interface(HDI)in an HDD.A dynamic continuum surface force model,where the electrowetting is considered,is proposed to evaluate the interfacial interaction,and then employed into a two-degree-of-freedom(2DOF)model to theoretically analyze the potential influence mechanism on the *** results confirm that the elimination of potential can effectively repress the adhesion retention,which is further proved by the measured slider response with a laser Doppler vibrometer(LDV).Moreover,the effect of the potential on the adhesion-induced instability is also analyzed through the phase *** tells that the critical stable flying height can be lowered with the elimination of potential.

关键词： electric field(EF) retention instability adhesion