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Lead, Zinc and Iron Pollutants Load Assessment in Selected Rivers in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Domestic Uses

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第1期16卷 58-82页

作者： Ochuko Ushurhe ozabor famous Ezekiel Ovuokerie Gunn Sapere-Obi Martha Ladebi Department of Environment Management and Toxicology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria Department of Urban and Regional Planning Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria Department of Disaster Management School of Built Environment University of Salford Salford UK

The aim of the study is to comparatively assess the concentrations of lead, zinc and iron in Rivers Ase, Warri and Ethiope, in Nigeria. Monthly water samples were collected from six randomly selected sites along the rivers course. 72 water samples were collected from each river at 0 - 15 cm depths. Samples were analysed based on the standard methods recommended by the WHO for testing lead, zinc and iron. The assessment of the water quality was done using the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME-WQI). While hypotheses were tested using ANOVA. Findings indicated that CCME-WQI values were 47.3, 66.52 and 78.7. This meant that the water quality of River Ase is impaired and departed from desirable levels, while that of Warri and Ethiope were considered to occasionally be impaired and depart from desirable levels. The ANOVA model showed that there is a significant variation in heavy metal load in the selected rivers at P < 0.05. River water was put to domestic uses such as drinking (20.5%) preparing food (17.8%), bathing (19.8%), washing clothes and dishes (21.3%), brushing teeth (13.3%), and catering for domestic animals (7.5%). Poverty (49.5%) was the major reason for the use of river water for domestic purposes. The locals highlighted that they usually suffer from cholera (26.8%), diarrhoea (25.8%), dysentery (24%) and typhoid (23.5%) as a result of using the river water. The study recommended routine monitoring of anthropogenic and geologic activities, testing of the water regularly amongst others.

关键词： Assessment Water-Quality-Index Domestic Heavy-Metals

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Seasonal Sodium Percentage (%NA), Absorption Ratio (SAR) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) Determination for Irrigation Purposes Along River Ethiope, Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 523-537页

作者： Ochuko Ushurhe famous ozabor Wekpe Vremudia Onyeayana Obisesan Adekunle Ifuwe Chineme Christabel Dibosa Francis Chike Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria School of Environment Geography and Geosciences University of Portsmouth Portsmouth United Kingdom Mabisel Trading and Construction Company Limited Portharcourt Nigeria Department of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Nigeria Department of Urban and Regional Planning Dennis Osadebay University Anwai Asaba Nigeria

The improvement of agriculture through irrigation farming is now of great need in the country Nigeria and Delta State. The country is going through a phase of famine and food insecurity caused by climate change and rain dependent agricultural practices. The aim of the study therefore, was to evaluate the quality of water from River Ethiope in Southern Nigeria for irrigation agriculture purposes using the percentage sodium (%Na), sodium-adsorption ratio (SAR) and irrigation-water quality index (IWQ1) techniques. The study deployed the experimental design and water samples were collected from different segments of the Ethiope River. A total of 144 water samples were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters quality (EC, HCO3, Cl−, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) from January to December, 2022. The results showed that all the calculated values for %Na were within the classified rating of 20 < N ≤ 40 and 60 < Na ≤ 80;while SAR were within the range of 0 < SAR ≤ 10. The recorded values of IWQI were within the range of 70 - 55 and 55 - 40. This implies that the water is good to doubtful for %Na, excellent for SAR and of moderate and high restrictions for IWQI. Water was adjudged to be good for irrigation activities, and should be applicable in areas with moderate and high soil permeability. The routine testing of the water to ascertain physicochemical parameters quality regularly, in order not to affect its use for irrigation was among the recommendations. This finding herein shall be of use to Water Resources and Agriculture ministries in Nigeria.

关键词： Evaluation Irrigation-Agriculture IWQI River-Ethiope SAR %Na

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Spatial Assessment of the Perception of Environmental Pollution in Rivers State

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第10期11卷 10-20页

作者： Imiete Godspower Kpang Meelubari Berinua Tsaro ozabor famous Centre for Disaster Risk Management and Development Studies University of Port-Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Port-Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Dennis Osadebay University Anwai Asaba Nigeria

This study examines the perception of pollution in Rivers state, to find out the inhabitants opinion of how the government is handling pollution in the area. The study used the survey research design and primary data which were collected using copies of questionnaire were the main data used for the study. Data collected were presented using tables and statistical diagrams, while data analysis was achieved using the welch statistics. It was observed that 37.75% of the respondents suggested that the air quality in the area is very bad, suggesting that they were suffering as a result. The main sources of environmental pollution were petroleum refining (44.25%), illegal refining of petroleum products (52.75%) and fumes from vehicles (46%). Also noted was that vast majority of inhabitants (86.75%) were willing to partake in the cleaner environmental process, but they stated that the government was not forceful enough to achieve the pollution free environment in the area. The welch statistics identified that there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of polluted environment in the area at P > 0.05. The study as a result of the findings advocates partnership between government, individuals and NGOs to achieve cleaner and safer environment in the area.

关键词： Spatial Pollution Africa Rivers-State

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Impact of Flooding on Wheel Shafts and Wheel Bearings in Abraka, and Way Forward

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第7期4卷 124-131页

作者： famous ozabor Douye Pere-Ere Wodu Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Port-Harcourt Port-Harcourt Nigeria

This study aimed at examining the impact of flooding on wheel-bearings and wheel-shaft in Abraka. The empirical and survey research designs were employed for the study. 42 checklists were dropped at the various mechanic workshops to collect data on the number of wheel-shaft and wheel-bearing changed weekly for five years and flood depths were measured for a period of five years. The simple linear regression was employed for data analysis. Findings include that: when the flood depth is at 0.10 feet in January the number of wheel-shaft and wheel-bearings changed is 396 and 220 pcs respectively. When flood depth is at 4.57 feet in August 3749 shafts and 1451 bearings were changed respectively. The regressions analysis showed that the relationship between wheel-shaft and flooding was r = 0.64, and the model was significant at p (0.00) < 0.05. Similarly, regressions analysis showed that the relationship between wheel-bearing and flooding was r = 0.62, and the model was significant at p (0.00) < 0.05. It therefore follows that impairment of wheel-shaft and wheel-bearing significantly depends on flooding events in Abraka. The following recommendations were made: construction of street side channels to drain of flood from the streets;checking the shafts and wheels hubs at regular intervals and re-grease when necessary etc.

关键词： Abraka Impacts Flood Wheel-Shaft Wheel-Bearing

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The Minimum and Maximum Temperature Forecast Using Statistical Downscaling Techniques for Port-Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 424-435页

作者： Vincent Ezikornwor Weli Moses Okemini Nwagbara famous ozabor Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Port-Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Soil Science and Meteorology Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

This study centers on applying the statistical downscaling technique to the daily minimum and maximum temperatures of Port Harcourt from the period 1985-2014. To select the period of calibration, the wilby and wigley assumption of 2014 was adopted. However, the Bruckner circle assumption was adopted in selecting the normal under review. Secondary data of minimum and maximum temperatures for Port Harcourt were collected from the archive of Nigerian meteorological agency (NIMET). The grid cell of the HadCM3 corresponding to the Port Harcourt meteorological station was selected from the HadCM3 website to generate the largescale predictors. Data for temperature was there after normalized for the period of calibration. To analyze data, ANOVA and Paired t tests were used. Result showed that, the model was significant at p °C from 1960-2080, while for B2 the increase will be 0.18°C for same period. For minimum temperature, the ANOVA also showed a difference of 0.21°C and 0.11°C for A2 and B2 respectively. The paired t test statistics showed that these variations in temperatures for both maximum and minimum at A2 and B2 scenarios are significant at p < 0.05. Reforestation, afforestation, carbon sequestration are strongly advocated.

关键词： HadCM3 Temperature Downscaling Port–Harcourt Normal

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