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Mitochondrial selfish elements and the evolution of biological novelties

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 687-697页

作者： Liliana MILANI fabrizio GHISELLI Marco PASSAMONTI Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna Via Selmi 3 40126Bologna Italy

We report the present knowledge about RPHM21, a novel male-specific mitochondrial protein with a putative role in the paternal inheritance of sperm mitochondria in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a species with doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria （DUI）. We review all the available data on rphm21 transcription and translation, analyze in detail its female counterpart, RPHF22, discuss the homology with RPHM21, the putative function and origin, and analyze their polymorphism. The available evidence is compatible with a viral origin of RPHM21 and supports its activity during spermatogenesis. RPHM21 is progressively accumulated in mitochondria and nuclei of spermatogenic cells, and we hypothesize it can influence mitochondrial inheritance and sex- ual differentiation. We propose a testable model that describes how the acquisition of selfish fea- tures by a mitochondrial lineage might have been responsible for the emergence of DUI, and for the evolution of separate sexes （gonochorism） from hermaphroditism. The appearance of DUI most likely entailed the invasion of at least 1 selfish element, and the extant DUI systems can be seen as resolved conflicts. It was proposed that hermaphroditism was the ancestral condition of bivalves, and a correlation between DUI and gonochorism was documented. We hypothesize that DUI might have driven the shift from hermaphroditism to gonochorism, with androdioecy as transi- tion state. The invasion of sex-ratio distorters and the evolution of suppressors can prompt rapid changes among sex-determination mechanisms, and DUI might have been responsible for one of such changes in some bivalve species. If true, DUI would represent the first animal sex-determination system involving mtDNA-encoded proteins.

关键词： bivalve mollusc doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) endogenized virus germ line gonochorism hermaphroditism

Strength and stiffness reduction factors for infilled frames with openings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第3期13卷 437-454页

作者： Luis D.Decanini Laura Liberatore fabrizio Mollaioli Department of Structural Engineering and Geothecnics "Sapienza" University of Rome

Framed structures are usually infilled with masonry walls. They may cause a significant increase in both stiffness and strength, reducing the deformation demand and increasing the energy dissipation capacity of the system. On the other hand, irregular arrangements of the masonry panels may lead to the concentration of damage in some regions, with negative effects; for example soft story mechanisms and shear failures in short columns. Therefore, the presence ofinfill walls should not be neglected, especially in regions of moderate and high seismicity. To this aim, simple models are available for solid infills walls, such as the diagonal no-tension strut model, while infilled frames with openings have not been adequately investigated. In this study, the effect of openings on the strength and stiffness of infilled frames is investigated by means of about 150 experimental and numerical tests. The main parameters involved are identified and a simple model to take into account the openings in the infills is developed and compared with other models proposed by different researchers. The model, which is based on the use of strength and stiffness reduction factors, takes into account the opening dimensions and presence of reinforcing elements around the opening. An example of an application of the proposed reduction factors is also presented.

关键词： infilled frames openings strength stiffness reduction factor

Downwash modelling for three-lifting-surface aircraft configuration design

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第6期36卷 161-173页

作者： Salvatore CORCIONE Giordana BONAVOLONTÃ Agostino DE MARCO fabrizio NICOLOSI Department of Industrial Engineering University of Naples“FedericoⅡ”Naples 8125Italy School of Aerospace Transport&Manufacturing Cranfield UniversityBedford MK43 OALUnited Kingdom

This paper introduces a semi-empirical model to predict the downwash gradient at the horizontal tail of a three-lifting-surface *** superposition principle applied to well established formulations valid for two lifting surfaces is not a reasonable approach to calculate the downwash of a canard-wing-tail layout,and this paper demonstrates that such a basic technique leads to incorrect ***,an ad hoc prediction model is proposed that considers the combined nonlinear effects of canard and main wing inductions on tail downwash,being based on a full factorial design sweep of CFD simulations obtained by varying the main geometrical parameters of the three lifting surfaces.A suitable analytical formula for the downwash gradient is established through a process of data analysis and factor *** presented model extends the validity of the available models for traditional two-lifting-surface designs by means of a correction *** engineering estimation method introduced here exhibits an acceptable accuracy,as well as relatively small prediction errors,and it is suitable for conceptual and preliminary studies of threesurface *** value of this methodology is confirmed by the validation with the results of numerical and experimental investigations on a case study aircraft.

关键词： Aerodynamic modelling Aircraft design Design of experiments Downwash Three-lifting-surface

Chemical and rheological analysis of unaged and aged bio-extended binders containing lignin

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第6期10卷 947-963页

作者： Elena Gaudenzi fabrizio Cardone Xiaohu Lu Francesco Canestrari Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture UniversitàPolitecnica delle MarcheAncona 60131Italy Nynas AB Nynäshamn 14982Sweden

The use of alternative renewable sources to totally or partially replace bitumen is one of the most current challenges in the road pavement *** growing energy cost and environmental concerns lead to the necessity to find alternative solutions,by supporting at the same time sustainability and circular economy *** this framework,this paper presents the application of a powder lignin,a natural bio-polymer deriving from byproducts of wood pulp and paper industry,to replace part of *** bituminous blend consisting in 70%of bitumen and 30%of powder lignin(by weight)was made in laboratory through the use of a high shear stirring mixer,and a reference plain bitumen characterized by a similar consistency(i.e.,same penetration grade)was used as ***,an extensive investigation on chemical and rheological properties of the bio-binder is *** transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),saturates,aromatics,resins and asphaltenes(SARA),bending beam rheometer(BBR),frequency sweep tests and multiple stress creep recovery tests(MSCR)with a dynamic shear rheometer(DSR)were ***,unaged,short-and long-term aging conditions were *** indicated that powder lignin dominates the rheological behavior of the bio-binder and,from chemical analysis,it seems that it partially acts as a filler and partially as a *** would result in improved performances at both low and high temperatures,leading to a wider temperature range of performance grade(PG).Moreover,despite a stiffening effect is recognized,lignin also offers an antioxidant potentiality,reducing the aging susceptibility of the investigated bio-binder.

关键词： Bio-binders Asphalt binders Lignin Aging Sustainability

Intra-operative trans-cystic indocyanine green(ICG)cholangiography:a high-sensitive method to identify bile Ieakage after hepatic resection

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 260-262页

作者： Piera Leon fabrizio Panaro Division of HBP Surgery and Transplantation Department of SurgerySt.Eloi HospitalMontpellier University Hospital-School of MedicineMontpellierFrance

Liver resections are more and more performed *** mortality for hepatic surgery is decreasing over the time,morbidity is still high and mostly affected by bile leak which remain the Achilles’heel of this type of ***,s... 详细信息

关键词： bile operative hepatic

Biomethane use for automobiles towards a CO_(2)-neutral energy system

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Clean Energy 2021年第1期5卷 124-140页

作者： Fabio Orecchini Adriano Santiangeli fabrizio Zuccari Department of Sustainability Engineering CARe—Center for Automotive Research and Evolution/DISGuglielmo Marconi Universityvia Plinio 44Rome 00193Italy

To pursue the goal of sustainable mobility,two main paths can be considered:the electrification of vehicles and the use of biofuels,replacing fossil fuels,in internal combustion engine(ICE)*** paper proposes an analysis of different possible scenarios for automobiles towards a CO_(2)-neutral energy system,in the path of the use of biofuels and the production,distribution and use of *** study,an update of work presented previously,focuses on different scenarios that take into account numerous parameters that affect the overall efficiency of the production-and-use process.A Well-to-Wheel analysis is used to estimate the primary energy savings and reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared both to the use of fossil-based methane and to other fuels and automotive *** particular,the study shows that the Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption(NRPEC)for biomethane is slightly higher(+9%)than that of biodiesel,but significantly lower than those of all the other power trains analysed:-69%compared to the battery electric vehicle(BEV)and-55%compared to *** to the use of fossil natural gas,the NRPEC is reduced to just over a third(2.81).With regard to CO_(2) emissions,biomethane has the lowest values:-69%compared to BEV,-176%compared to bioethanol and-124%with respect to *** to the use of fossil natural gas,the CO_(2) emissions are reduced over a third(3.55).Moreover,the paper shows that biomethane can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles in Italy,proposing two different hypotheses:maximum production and minimum *** is evident,therefore,that biomethane production can completely cover the consumption of fossil methane for vehicles:this means that the use of biomethane in the car can lead to a reduction in NRPEC equal to 28.9×10^(6) GJ/year and a reduction of CO_(2) emissions equal to 1.9×10^(6) t/year.

关键词： biomethane for automotive application WTW analysis primary energy balance renewable fuels

Navigating the autophagic landscape:Epigenetic modulation in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3628-3634页

作者： Davide Ramoni Federico Carbone fabrizio Montecucco Department of Internal Medicine University of GenoaGenoa 16132Italy Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa and IRCSS Policlinico San MartinoGenoa 16132Italy

This editorial comments on the manuscript by Chang et al,focusing on the still elusive interplay between epigenetic regulation and autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases,particularly ***,essential for cellular homeostasis,exhibits diverse functions ranging from cell survival to death,and is particularly implicated in physiological gastrointestinal cell ***,its role in pathological backgrounds remains intricate and *** underscore the dual nature of autophagy in cancer,where its early suppressive effects in early stages are juxtaposed with its later promotion,contributing to *** discrepancy is attributed to the dysregulation of autophagy-related genes and their intricate involvement in cellular *** modifications and regulations of gene expression,including non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),emerge as critical players in exerting regulatory control over autophagy flux,influencing treatment responses and tumor *** epigenetic mechanisms and improving strategies involving the inhibition or induction of autophagy through pharmacological or genetic means present potential avenues to sensitize tumor cells to ***,nanocarrier-based delivery of ncRNAs offers innovative therapeutic *** the intricate interaction between autophagy and ncRNA regula-tion opens avenues for the development of targeted therapies,thereby improving the prognosis of gastrointestinal malignancies with poor outcomes.

关键词： Epigenetic regulation Autophagy Gastrointestinal cancer Non-coding RNAs Target therapies

Persistent half-metallic ferromagnetism in a(111)-oriented manganite superlattice

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 727-734页

作者： fabrizio Cossu Heung-Sik Kim Biplab Sanyal Igor Di Marco Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Convergence and Technology Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Korea Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang37673Korea Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120UppsalaSweden Department of Physics POSTECHPohang37673Korea

We employ electronic structure calculations to show that a(111)-oriented(LaMnO_(3))_(12)∣(SrMnO_(3))_(6)superlattice retains a half-metallic ferromagnetic character despite its large *** link this behaviour to the strain and the octahedral connectivity between the *** also gives rise to breathing modes,which are coupled to charge and spin oscillations,whose components have a pure e_(g)*** interestingly,the magnetisation reaches its maximum value inside the LaMnO_(3)region and not at the interface,which is fundamentally different from what observed for the(001)*** inter-atomic exchange coupling shows that the magnetic order arises from the double-exchange mechanism,despite competing interactions inside the SrMnO_(3)***,the van Vleck distortions and the spin oscillations are crucially affected by the variation of Hund’s exchange and charge doping,which allows us to speculate that our system behaves as a Hund’s metal,creating an interesting connection between manganites and nickelates.

关键词： metallic exchange superlattice

Comment on:“Liver transplantation for iatrogenic bile duct injury during cholecystectomy:a French retrospective multicenter study”

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 577-579页

作者： Salah Khayat fabrizio Panaro Department of Surgery/Division of HBP Surgery&Transplantation Montpellier University Hospital-School of MedicineMontpellierFrance

We read with great interest the national retrospective multicenter observational study recently published by Chiche and collaborators(1)aiming to review liver transplants related to iatrogenic bile duct injury(BDI)during cholecystectomy and the risk factors for adverse outcomes in order to improve management of *** this study,all liver transplantation(LT)patients between 1994 and 2017 for BDI during cholecystectomy were *** patients were included in 11 French LT centers representing 0.13%of LT indications over this period.

关键词： bile cholecystectomy injury