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Enhanced straw fermentation process based on microbial electrolysis cell coupled anaerobic digestion

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期35卷 239-245页

作者： Xinyu Yan Bobo Wang Hongxia Liang Jie Yang Jie Zhao fabrice Ndayisenga Hongxun Zhang Zhisheng Yu Zhi Qian College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences-Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(RCEES-IMCAS-UCAS)Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental ScienceBeijing 100085China Received:2020-11-12 Revised:2021-05-08 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-06-18

The low quality and yield of methane severely hinder the industrial application of straw biogas fermentation, and no effective solution has been found so far. In this study, a novel method was developed when a microbial electrolysis cell(MEC) was coupled with normal anaerobic fermentation to enhance methane yield and purity. The fermentation process achieved a methane purity of more than 85%, which is considerably higher than that of previously published reports. With microbial stimulation and an electric current, the degradation of fibers has been greatly enhanced. The MEC system substantially improved the yield and purity of biogas, bringing a new path to the synthesis of methane by carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions in solution under electron irradiation. Electrochemical index analysis showed extra methane synthesis, due to the external circuit electron transfer. The results of the gas chromatography and solid degradation rate showed that the carbon source of extra methane was CO_(2) produced during normal fermentation and additional volatile solid degradation. These results show that the MEC considerably enhanced the quality and yield of methane in the straw fermentation process, providing insights into normal anaerobic fermentation.

关键词： Microbial electrolysis cell(MEC) Methane Straw Fermentation Bioenergy

Direct observation of zero modes in a non-Hermitian optical nanocavity array

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Photonics Research 2022年第2期10卷 574-586页

作者： Flore Hentinger Melissa Hedir Bruno Garbin Mathias Marconi Li Ge fabrice Raineri Juan A.Levenson Alejandro M.Yacomotti Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies CNRSUniversite Paris-SudUniversite Paris-Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance Universite Cote d'Azur Institut de Physique de NiceCNRS-UMR 7010Sophia AntipolisFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Staten IslandCUNYStaten IslandNew York 10314USA Graduate Center CUNYNew YorkNew York 10016USA Universite de Paris 75205 Paris Cedex 13France

Zero modes are symmetry protected ones whose energy eigenvalues have zero real parts. In Hermitian arrays, they arise as a consequence of the sublattice symmetry, implying that they are dark modes. In non-Hermitian systems that naturally emerge in gain/loss optical cavities, particle-hole symmetry prevails instead;the resulting zero modes are no longer dark but feature π∕2 phase jumps between adjacent cavities. Here, we report on the direct observation of zero modes in a non-Hermitian three coupled photonic crystal nanocavities array containing quantum wells. Unlike the Hermitian counterparts, the observation of non-Hermitian zero modes upon single pump spot illumination requires vanishing sublattice detuning, and they can be identified through far-field imaging and spectral filtering of the photoluminescence at selected pump locations. We explain the zero-mode coalescence as a parity-time phase transition for small coupling. These zero modes are robust against coupling disorder and can be used for laser mode engineering and photonic computing.

关键词： pump optical tuning

Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A and sciatic nerve crush rat models:insights from proteomics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1354-1363页

作者： Zeina Msheik Stephanie Durand Emilie Pinault Martial Caillaud Laetitia Vignaud fabrice Billet Mohamed El Massry Alexis Desmoulière UR20218 NeurIT(NEURopathies périphériques et Innovation Thérapeutique) University of LimogesLimogesFrance BISCEm(Biologie Intégrative SantéChimie Environnement)Platform US 42 Inserm/UAR 2015 CNRSUniversity of LimogesLimogesFrance UMR 1308 Inserm/CHU–CAPTuR(Contrôle de l’Activation cellulaire Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique)University of LimogesLimogesFrance Inserm UMR1235–TENS(The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases) University of NantesNantesFrance

The sensorimotor and histological aspects of peripheral neuropathies were already studied by our team in two rat models:the sciatic nerve crush and the Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A *** this study,we sought to highlight and compare the protein signature of these two pathological ***,the identification of protein profiles in diseases can play an important role in the development of pharmacological *** fact,Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A rats develop motor impairments that are more severe in the hind ***,for the first time,protein expression in sciatic nerve of Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A rats was ***,distal sciatic nerves were collected from Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A and uninjured wild-type rats aged 3 *** protein extraction,sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry was employed.445 proteins mapped to Swiss-Prot or trEMBL Uniprot databases were identified and *** these,153 proteins showed statistically significant differences between Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A and wild-type *** majority of these proteins were overexpressed in *** clustering and functional enrichment using Gene Ontology were used to group these proteins based on their biological effects concerning Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A ***,proteomic characterization of wild-type rats subjected to sciatic nerve crush was performed sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra liquid chromatography and mass *** month after injury,distal sciatic nerves were collected and analyzed as described *** of 459 identified proteins,92 showed significant differences between sciatic nerve crush and the uninjured wild-type rats used in the first *** results suggest that young adult Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A rats(3 months old)develop compensatory mechanisms at the level of redox balance,protein folding,myelination,and

关键词： Charcot-Marie-Tooth-1A endoplasmic reticulum Gene Ontology neurogenesis oxidative stress proteomics rat repair sciatic nerve crush SWATH-MS

Dissipation of chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, and thiophanate-methyl pesticides in compost based-versus peat-moss based-biomixture of biobeds

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 461-470页

作者： Talaat N.M.El-Sebai Wafaa M.H.Zidan Alaa Marzouk Marion Divers fabrice Martin-Laurent Agricultural Microbiology Dept.Agricultural and Biology Research Institute National Research CentreCairoEgypt Laboratory of Pesticide Analysis Agriculture Research CentreCairoEgypt Laboratory of Soil Microbiology National Institute of Agricultural ResearchDijonFrance

Biobed is a smart bioremediation system used to treat point-source pesticide *** is the main component of biobeds,and pesticide dissipation is affected by its *** study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compost-based(C)versus peat-moss-based(P)biomixtures of biobeds on tested pesticide *** concentrations(25,50,and 75 mg/kg)of chlorpyrifos,pendimethalin,and thiophanate methyl were added separately and as a mix to both biomixtures C and *** data showed the effect of biomixture type on the dissipation of the tested *** chlorpyrifos,its dissipation rate in biomixture P was more rapid than that in biomixture *** result was confirmed by the mineralization kinetic experiment,since 25%of the initial ^(14)C-chlorpyrifos concentration accumulated in the form ^(14)CO_(2) in biomixture P compared to only 14%in biomixture *** addition,the chlorpyrifos dissipation rate was influenced by the initial concentration when applied individually in biomixture *** contrast,biomixture C was more effective at pendimethalin dissipation than biomixture P,since>76%of pendimethalin was dissipated in biomixture C versus 67%in biomixture P at the same incubation *** thiophanate-methyl,the abilities of both biomixtures C and P were similar and less efficient than those of the other tested *** addition of the three tested pesticides to biomixture C only had a positive effect on both chlorpyrifos and thiophanate-methyl dissipation,while pendimethalin dissipation was similar when applied separately or as a *** activity was stimulated by the addition of separately or mixed pesticides to biomixtures C and P as measured by dehydrogenase activity.

关键词： Biopurification system Pesticides Contamination Point-source Bioremediation Biomixture

Cerebellar pathology in motor neuron disease:neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2335-2341页

作者： Rangariroyashe H.Chipika Grainne Mulkerrin Pierre-François Pradat Aizuri Murad fabrice Ango Cédric Raoul Peter Bede Computational Neuroimaging Group Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier(INM) INSERMCNRSMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a relentlessly progressive multi-system *** clinical picture is dominated by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration,but extra-motor pathology is increasingly recognized,including cerebellar ***-mortem and neuroimaging studies primarily focus on the chara cterization of supratentorial disease,des pite emerging evidence of cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral *** clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,such as dysarthria,dysphagia,cognitive and behavioral deficits,saccade abnormalities,gait impairment,respiratory weakness and pseudobulbar affect are likely to be exacerbated by co-existing cerebellar *** review summarizes in vivo and post mortem evidence for cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral scle *** imaging studies consistently capture cerebellar grey matter volume reductions,diffusivity studies readily detect both intra-cerebellar and cerebellar peduncle white matter alte rations and functional imaging studies commonly report increased functional connectivity with supratentorial *** functional connectivity is commonly interpreted as evidence of neuro plasticity representing compensatory processes despite the lack of post-mortem *** is a scarcity of post-mortem studies focusing on cerebellar alte rations,but these detect pTDP-43 in cerebellar *** rebellar pathology is an overloo ked facet of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis despite its contribution to a multitude of clinical symptoms,wides p read connectivity to spinal and supratentorial regions and putative role in compensating for the degeneration of primary motor regions.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ataxia cerebellum magnetic resonance imaging motor neuron disease neuroimaging neuroplasticity pathology primary lateral sclerosis pseudobulbar affect

On the Motion Law of Fronts for Scalar Reaction-Diffusion Equations with Equal Depth Multiple-Well Potentials

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第1期38卷 83-148页

作者： fabrice BETHUEL Didier SMETS UPMC-Paris6 UMR 7598 LJLLParisF-75005France

Slow motion for scalar Allen-Cahn type equation is a well-known phenomenon,precise motion law for the dynamics of fronts having been established first using the socalled geometric approach inspired from central manifold theory(see the results of Carr and Pego in 1989). In this paper, the authors present an alternate approach to recover the motion law, and extend it to the case of multiple wells. This method is based on the localized energy identity, and is therefore, at least conceptually, simpler to implement. It also allows to handle collisions and rough initial data.

关键词： Reaction-diffusion systems Parabolic equations Singular limits

Proteomics as a tool to gain next level insights into photo-crosslinkable biopolymer modifications

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第11期7卷 204-220页

作者： Nele Pien fabrice Bray Tom Gheysens Liesbeth Tytgat Christian Rolando Diego Mantovani Peter Dubruel Sandra Van Vlierberghe Ghent University Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry(CMaC)Krijgslaan 281 S4bis9000 GentBelgium Laval University Laboratory for Biomaterials and BioengineeringCRC-IPavillon PouliotQuebec G1V 0A6Canada Univ.Lille CNRSUSR 3290MSAPMiniaturisation pour la Synthese l’Analyse et la ProteomiqueF-59000LilleFrance

The distribution of photo-crosslinkable moieties onto a protein backbone can affect a biomaterial’s crosslinking behavior, and therefore also its mechanical and biological properties. A profound insight in this respect is essential for biomaterials exploited in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In the present work, photo-crosslinkable moieties have been introduced on the primary amine groups of: (i) a recombinant collagen peptide (RCPhC1) with a known amino acid (AA) sequence, and (ii) bovine skin collagen (COL BS) with an unknown AA sequence. The degree of substitution (DS) was quantified with two conventional techniques: an ortho-phthalic dialdehyde (OPA) assay and ^(1)H NMR spectroscopy. However, neither of both provides information on the exact type and location of the modified AAs. Therefore, for the first time, proteomic analysis was evaluated herein as a tool to identify functionalized AAs as well as the exact position of photo-crosslinkable moieties along the AA sequence, thereby enabling an in-depth, unprecedented characterization of functionalized photo-crosslinkable biopolymers. Moreover, our strategy enabled to visualize the spatial distribution of the modifications within the overall structure of the protein. Proteomics has proven to provide unprecedented insight in the distribution of photo-crosslinkable moieties along the protein backbone, undoubtedly contributing to superior functional biomaterial design to serve regenerative medicine.

关键词： (Photo-crosslinkable)biomaterials Chemical modifications Biomaterial characterization Proteomics Localization of functionalizations

Spatio-Temporal Land Cover Analysis and the Impact of Land Cover Variability Indices on Land Surface Temperature in Greater Accra, Ghana Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Data

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第3期14卷 240-258页

作者： Aarthi Aishwarya Devendran fabrice Banon Department of Built Environment and Energy Technology Linnaeus University V&#228 xjö Sweden Ecole Africaine des Métiers de l’Architecture et de l’Urbanisme Lomé Togo

Urbanization, as a result of anthropogenic activities, reduces the vegetated and green spaces and thereby increases the impervious surfaces in cities. This in turn increases the surface temperature of cities when compared to the rural regions resulting in the formation of urban heat island. Especially, in under-developed countries, it is very crucial to obtain timely and accurate information on the urban trend and its development due to the higher increasing rate of population growth and lack of infrastructural facilities and regulations to mitigate the adverse consequences of urbanization. The current study analyzes the urban development of Greater Accra, Ghana using Landsat 7 dataset acquired in 2002, 2013, and 2020. Further, the influence of urban growth on the land surface temperature (LST) and land cover variability (LCV) indices including NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-Up Index), and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) is identified during the study periods. Results suggest that the area of built-up quadrupled between 2002 and 2020 in the study region. Shannon’s entropy-based analysis suggests that the urban development in the region is heterogeneous or dispersive in nature. Further, the regression analysis highlights a strong positive relation between LST and NDBI (0.755) and a negative relation is found associated between LST and NDVI (0.4417) and LST and NDWI (0.76). Results of the study could be useful to design sustainable urban socio-economic and environmental planning policies in the study region.

关键词： Land Surface Temperature Urbanization Land Cover Variability Indices Landsat 7 ETM Greater Accra

Size fractions of organic matter pools influence their stability: Application of the Rock-Eval® analysis to beech forest soils

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 565-575页

作者： David SEBAG Eric P.VERRECCHIA Thierry ADATTE Michael AUBERT Guillaume CAILLEAU Thibaud DECAENS Isabelle KOWALEWSKI Jean TRAP fabrice BUREAU Mickael HEDDE Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)M2CRouen 76000France Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics(IDYST) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Institut Français du Pétrole Energies Nouvelles(IFPEN) Earth Sciences and Environmental Technologies DivisionRueil-Malmaison 92852France Institute of Earth Sciences(ISTE) GeopolisUniversity of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Normandie Univ Universitéde Rouen Normandie(UNIROUEN)Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculturel'Alimentation et l'Environnement(INRAE)LaboratoireÉtude et COmpréhension de la bioDIVersité(ECODIV)Rouen 76000France Laboratory of Microbiology Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel 2000Switzerland Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive(CEFE) Universitéde MontpellierCNRSEcole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)Montpellier 34000France Eco&Sols INRAEIRDUniversitéde MontpellierMontpellier 34000France

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a complex heterogeneous mixture formed through decomposition and organo-mineral interactions, and characterization of its composition and biogeochemical stability is challenging. From this perspective, Rock-Eval® is a rapid and efficient thermal analytical method that combines the quantitative and qualitative information of SOM, including several parameters related to thermal stability. This approach has already been used to monitor changes in organic matter (OM) properties at the landscape, cropland, and soil profile scales. This study was aimed to assess the stability of SOM pools by characterizing the grain size fractions from forest litters and topsoils using Rock-Eval® thermal analysis. Litter (organic) and topsoil samples were collected from a beech forest in Normandy (France), whose management in the last 200 years has been documented. Fractionation by wet sieving was used to separate large debris (> 2 000 μm) and coarse (200–2 000 μm) and fine particulate OM (POM) (50–200 μm) in the organic samples as well as coarse (200–2 000 μm), medium (50–200 μm), and fine (< 50 μm) fractions of the topsoil samples. Rock-Eval® was able to provide thermal parameters sensitive enough to study fine-scale soil processes. In the organic layers, quantitative and qualitative changes were explained by the progressive decomposition of labile organic compounds from plant debris to the finest organic particles. Meanwhile, the grain size fractions of topsoils presented different characteristics. The coarse organo-mineral fractions showed higher C contents, albeit with a different composition, higher thermal stability, and greater decomposition degree than the plant debris forming the organic layer. These results are consistent with those of previous studies that microbial activity is more effective in this fraction. The finest fractions of topsoils showed low C contents, the highest thermal stability, and low decomposition degree, which can be explained

关键词： aggregate decomposition litter organo-mineral interaction plant-microbe-soil continuum soil organic matter thermal analysis topsoil