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Shoreline evolution and modern beach sand composition along a coastal stretch of the Tyrrhenian Sea, southern Italy

Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第2期10卷 222-243页

作者： Consuele Morrone fabio letto Department of Biology Ecology and Earth Sciences(DiBEST)University of study CalabriaVia P.Buccicubo 15B87036 Arcavacata di RendeCosenzaItalia

This contribution focuses on a multidisciplinary research showing the geomorphological evolution and the beach sand composition of the Tyrrhenian shoreline between Capo Suvero promontory and Gizzeria Lido village(Calabria,southern Italy). The aim of the geomorphological analysis was to reconstruct the evolutionary shoreline stages and the present-day sedimentary dynamics along approximately 6 km of coastline. The results show a general trend of beach nourishment during the period 1870–2019. In this period, the maximum shoreline accretion value was estimated equal to + 900 m with an average rate of + 6.5 m/yr. Moreover, although the general evolutionary trend is characterized by a remarkable accretion, the geomorphological analysis highlighted continuous modifications of the beaches including erosion processes. The continuous beach modifications occurred mainly between 1953 and1983 and were caused mainly by human activity in the coastal areas and inside the hydrographic basins. The beach sand composition allowed an assessment of the mainland petrological sedimentary province and its dispersal pattern of the present coastal dynamics. Petrographic analysis of beach sands identified a lithic metamorphi-clastic petrofacies, characterized by abundant fine-grained schists and phyllites sourced from the crystalline terrains of the Coastal Range front and carried by the Savuto River. The sand is also composed of a mineral assemblage comparable to that of the Amato River provenance. In terms of framework detrital constituents of QFL(quartz:feldspars:aphanitic lithic fragments) and of essential extraclasts, such as granitoid:sedimentary:metamorphic phaneritic rock fragments(Rg:Rs:Rm), sand maturity changes moderately from backshore to shoreface, suggesting that transport processes had a little effect on sand maturity. Moreover, the modal composition suggests that the Capo Suvero promontory does not obstruct longshore sand transport from the north. Indeed, sands displaced by currents driven by storm-wave activity bypass this

关键词： Sandy petrofacies Detrital modes Shoreline evolution Capo Suvero Tyrrhenian coast Southern Italy

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Mitochondrial DNA methylation and mitochondria-related epigenetics in neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 405-406页

作者： fabio Coppedè Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies Laboratory of Medical GeneticsUniversity of PisaPisaItaly、Interdepartmental Research Center of Biology and Pathology of AgingUniversity of PisaPisaItaly

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are primarily involved in oxidative phosphorylation and energy production.They are particularly abundant in tissues with high energy demands,including muscle,liver,and brain,and mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)damage,and impaired mitochondrial dynamics have often been associated with neurodegeneration.

关键词： impaired neurodegeneration oxidative

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A quantitative analysis of the US materials flow methodology and comparison to the EU methodology for MSW statistics

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 85-94页

作者： Demetra Tsiamis fabio Poretti Stefano Consonni Marco J.Castaldi Earth Engineering Center Department of Chemical EngineeringThe City College of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA Dipartimento Di Energetica Politecnico Di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133MilanItaly

The European Union(EU)and the United States(US)determine municipal solid waste(MSW)statistics differently.The EU applies a site-specific methodology that directly measures waste whereas the US employs a materials flow methodology that estimates MSW statistics indirectly based on production and recovery data from industries.This study dissects the materials flow methodology and presents quantitative materials flow Sankey diagrams for the primary MSW materials to highlight data gaps that can be addressed to improve the methodology’s accuracy.Private industry plastics data were applied to the materials flow methodology,and the results were within 10%of the plastics statistics reported by the US Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA).Drawbacks to the methodologies include EU measurement inaccuracies due to double-counting and not accounting for residual waste in the US.The latter may partially explain why landfilling tonnages reported by the US EPA were approximately 60%less than the tonnages reported by the Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council(WTERT)in its national MSW survey that applied the EU methodology in the US.Unlike the EU,there is no US national policy that requires states to measure and report state-level waste data to the US EPA.Future improvements in US MSW statistics rely heavily on the implementation of national policies to homogenize the measurement and collection of waste data from states.

关键词： Materials flow methodology Site-specific methodology United States European Union Municipal solid waste Discrepancy

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Physical exercise and synaptic protection in human and pre-clinical models of multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1768-1771页

作者： Federica Azzolini Ettore Dolcetti Antonio Bruno Valentina Rovella Diego Centonze fabio Buttari Unit of Neurology IRCCS NeuromedPozzilliItaly Department of System Medicine University of Tor VergataRomeItaly Synaptic Immunopathology Lab Department of Systems MedicineTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly

In multiple sclerosis,only immunomodulato ry and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies.Howeve r,in recent years,several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible role of physical exe rcise as disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis.Current evidence is sparse and often conflicting,and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antinflammatory role of exercise in multiple sclerosis have not been fully elucidated.Data,mainly derived from pre-clinical studies,suggest that exe rcise could enhance longterm potentiation and thus neuroplasticity,could reduce neuroinflammation and synaptopathy,and dampen astrogliosis and microgliosis.In humans,most trials focused on direct clinical and MRI outcomes,as investigating synaptic,neuroinflammato ry,and pathological changes is not straightfo rward compared to animal models.The present review analyzed current evidence and limitations in research concerning the potential disease-modifying therapy effects of exercise in multiple sclerosis in animal models and human studies.

关键词： disease-modifying behaviour endocannabinoid system long-term potentiation multiple sclerosis neuroplasticity neuroprotection physical exercise synaptopathy

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Venous Doppler flow patterns,venous congestion,heart disease and renal dysfunction:A complex liaison

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： Alessio Di Maria Rossella Siligato Marta Bondanelli fabio Fabbian Specialized Medicines Renal UnitUniversity Hospital St.Anna of FerraraFerrara I-44124Italy Department of Biomedical DentalMorphological and Functional Imaging SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessina I-98121Italy Department of Medical Sciences University of FerraraFerrara I-44124Italy Department of Medical Sciences University of FerraraFerrara 44124Italy

The World Journal of Cardiology published an article written by Kuwahara et al that we take the pleasure to comment on.We focused our attention on venous congestion.In intensive care settings,it is now widely accepted that venous congestion is an important clinical feature worthy of investigation.Evaluating venous Doppler profile abnormalities at multiple sites could suggest adequate treatment and monitor its efficacy.Renal dysfunction could trigger or worsen fluid overload in heart disease,and cardio-renal syndrome is a well-characterized spectrum of disorders describing the complex interactions between heart and kidney diseases.Fluid overload and venous congestion,including renal venous hypertension,are major determinants of acute and chronic renal dysfunction arising in heart disease.Organ congestion from venous hypertension could be involved in the development of organ injury in several clinical situations,such as critical diseases,congestive heart failure,and chronic kidney disease.Ultrasonography and abnormal Doppler flow patterns diagnose clinically significant systemic venous congestion.Cardiologists and nephrologists might use this valuable,noninvasive,bedside diagnostic tool to establish fluid status and guide clinical choices.

关键词： Cardio-renal syndrome Fluid overload Venous congestion Acute kidney injury Ultrasound Doppler flow patterns

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Lower limb suspension induces threshold-specific alterations of motor units properties that are reversed by active recovery

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 264-276页

作者： Giacomo Valli fabio Sarto Andrea Casolo Alessandro Del Vecchio Martino V.Franchi Marco V.Narici Giuseppe De Vito Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering Friedrich-Alexander UniversityErlangen-Nurnberg 91052Germany

Purpose:This study aimed to non-invasively test the hypothesis that(a) short-term lower limb unloading would induce changes in the neural control of force production(based on motor units(MUs) properties) in the vastus lateralis muscle and(b) possible changes are reversed by active recovery(AR).Methods:Ten young males underwent 10 days of unilateral lower limb suspension(ULLS) followed by 21 days of AR.During ULLS,participants walked exclusively on crutches with the dominant leg suspended in a slightly flexed position(15°-20°) and with the contralateral foot raised by an elevated shoe.The AR was based on resistance exercise(leg press and leg extension) and executed at 70% of each participant’s 1repetition maximum,3 times/week.Maximal voluntary isometric contraction(MVC) of knee extensors and MUs properties of the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at baseline,after ULLS,and after AR.MUs were identified using high-density electromyography during trapezoidal isometric contractions at 10%,25%,and 50% of the current MVC,and individual MUs were tracked across the 3 data collection points.Results:We identified 1428 unique MUs,and 270 of them(18.9%) were accurately tracked.After ULLS,MVC decreased by 29.77%,MUs absolute recruitment/derecruitment thresholds were reduced at all contraction intensities(with changes between the 2 variables strongly correlated),while discharge rate was reduced at 10% and 25% but not at 50% MVC.Impaired MVC and MUs properties fully recovered to baseline levels after AR.Similar changes were observed in the pool of total as well as tracked MUs.Conclusion:Our novel results demonstrate,non-invasively,that 10 days of ULLS affected neural control predominantly by altering the discharge rate of lower-threshold but not of higher-threshold MUs,suggesting a preferential impact of disuse on motoneurons with a lower depolarization threshold.However,after 21 days of AR,the impaired MUs properties were fully restored to baseline levels,highlighting the plasticity of the components involved in neural cont

关键词： Disuse High-density EMG Muscle disuse Neural impairment Neuromuscular degeneration

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Quick and easy assessment of sarcopenia in cirrhosis: Can ultrasound be the solution?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2287-2293页

作者： Francesca Campani Tancredi Vincenzo Li Cavoli Umberto Arena fabio Marra Erica Nicola Lynch Claudia Campani Department of Health Science University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Internal Medicine and Liver Unit University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Gastroenterology Research Unit Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences“Mario Serio”University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy Department of Medical Biotechnologies University of SienaSiena 53100Italy

Cirrhosis is frequently associated with sarcopenia,with reported rates of over 80%in patients with decompensated alcohol-related liver disease.Sarcopenia nega-tively impacts the prognosis of cirrhotic patients and affects the response to treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).For these reasons,identifying an easy-to-perform method to assess sarcopenia in is a key element in the optimization of care in this patient population.Assessment of muscle mass by computed tomography is considered the standard of care for the diagnosis of sarcopenia,but exposure to radiation and high costs limit its application in this setting,especially for repeated assessments.We believe that ultrasound,a cheap and harmless technique also used for HCC screening in cirrhotic patients,could have an expanding role in the diagnosis and follow-up of sarcopenia in these patients.

关键词： Sarcopenia Ultrasound Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Computed tomography

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Management of a patient with an unusual trajectory of a temporary trans-venous pacing lead

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第6期16卷 314-317页

作者： Metesh Acharya Ethan Kavanagh Sheena Garg Davorin Sef fabio De Robertis Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicester LE39QPUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiac Surgery King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom Department of Cardiac Surgery Royal Brompton and Harefield HospitalsLondon UB96JHUnited Kingdom

Perforation of the right ventricle during placement of pacing wires is a welldocumented complication and can be potentially fatal.Use of temporary pacemaker,helical screw leads and steroids use prior to implant are recognised as risk factors for development of post-permanent pacemaker effusion.We reported an unusual case of pacing wire perforating interventricular septum into the left ventricle that occurred during the implant procedure performed in another institution.After the preoperative work-up and transfer to our tertiary cardiothoracic centre,the patient underwent successful surgical management.In conclusion,early recognition and timely diagnosis using advanced multimodality imaging can guide surgical intervention and prevent unfavourable consequences of device-related complications.

关键词： Ventricular perforation Lead perforation Pacing

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Intraoperative cholangio-ultrasonography(IOCUS)during hepatectomy with resection of the biliary confluence:An effective alternative to intraoperative cholangiography

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 417-420页

作者： Daniele Del Fabbro fabio Procopio Jacopo Galvanin Guido Costa Simone Famularo Angela Palmisano Matteo Donadon Guido Torzilli Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of SurgeryIRCCS Humanitas Research HospitalVia A.Manzoni 56Rozzano 20089MilanItaly Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityVia Rita Levi Montalcini 4Pieve Emanuele 20072MilanItaly

Intraoperative ultrasonography(IOUS)in hepatobiliary surgery is well known as an essential tool for radical and safe hepatectomies,allowing to perform parenchymal sparing surgery and,as consequence,to expand the surgical indications for patients otherwise considered unresectable.Nevertheless,since many years,despite its effectiveness in the study of vascular anatomy of the liver,the gold standard for the assessment of biliary anatomy during surgery is intraoperative cholangiography(IOC),which is used for the validation of preoperative imaging as well as for guiding reconstruction in case of bile duct injury or resection.

关键词： anatomy biliary ultrasonography

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Metal-Halide Perovskite Submicrometer-Thick Films for Ultra-Stable Self-Powered Direct X-Ray Detectors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 410-431页

作者： Marco Girolami fabio Matteocci Sara Pettinato Valerio Serpente Eleonora Bolli Barbara Paci Amanda Generosi Stefano Salvatori Aldo Di Carlo Daniele M.Trucchi CNR‑ISM Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheIstituto di Struttura della MateriaSede Secondaria di MontelibrettiDiaTHEMA LabStrada Provinciale 35D900010 MontelibrettiRomeItaly CHOSE–Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rome“Tor Vergata”Via del Politecnico 100133 RomeItaly Faculty of Engineering Universita degli Studi Niccolo CusanoVia don Carlo Gnocchi 300166 RomeItaly SpecXLab CNR‑ISMConsiglio Nazionale Delle RicercheIstituto di Struttura Della MateriaArea della Ricerca di Tor VergataVia del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133 RomeItaly

Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors,due to the development of sensitive,fast,and cost-effective devices.Self-powered operation,ensuring portability and low power consumption,has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films.However,the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours,often reporting degradation of the detection performance.Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors,fabricated starting from a FAPbBr_(3)submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO_(2)scaffold,can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss,demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability.No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy,revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film.In addition,trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy^(−1)cm^(−3)at 0 V,an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for“hard”X-rays.Finally,prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.

关键词： Metal-halide perovskite thin films Direct X-ray detectors Self-powered devices Operational stability Medical linear accelerator

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