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量子计算里程碑式突破

Science Bulletin 2021年第7期66卷 637-639页

作者： fabio sciarrino NicolòSpagnolo Quantum Information Laboratory Dipartimento di FisicaSapienza Universitàdi Roma

In recent years,much work has been directed to the development of technologies to enable the long-term goal of scalable,universal quantum computers.This effort is motivated by the promise of quantum computational speed-up in tasks such as integer factoring,quantum simulation,and solving systems of linear equations.Despite the tremendous advances in quantum technologies reported in the last few years,the implementation of a large-scale universal quantum computer is still far from our current capabilities.

关键词： equations. 量子计算 quantum

Deep reinforcement learning for quantum multiparameter estimation

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第1期5卷 58-70页

作者： Valeria Cimini Mauro Valeri Emanuele Polino Simone Piacentini Francesco Ceccarelli Giacomo Corrielli NicolòSpagnolo Roberto Osellame fabio sciarrino Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMilanoItaly

Estimation of physical quantities is at the core of most scientific research,and the use of quantum devices promises to enhance its performances.In real scenarios,it is fundamental to consider that resources are limited,and Bayesian adaptive estimation represents a powerful approach to efficiently allocate,during the estimation process,all the available resources.However,this framework relies on the precise knowledge of the system model,retrieved with a fine calibration,with results that are often computationally and experimentally demanding.We introduce a model-free and deep-learning-based approach to efficiently implement realistic Bayesian quantum metrology tasks accomplishing all the relevant challenges,without relying on any a priori knowledge of the system.To overcome this need,a neural network is trained directly on experimental data to learn the multiparameter Bayesian update.Then the system is set at its optimal working point through feedback provided by a reinforcement learning algorithm trained to reconstruct and enhance experiment heuristics of the investigated quantum sensor.Notably,we prove experimentally the achievement of higher estimation performances than standard methods,demonstrating the strength of the combination of these two black-box algorithms on an integrated photonic circuit.Our work represents an important step toward fully artificial intelligence-based quantum metrology.

关键词： quantum sensing integrated photonics machine learning for metrology

Optimal photonic indistinguishability tests in multimode networks

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Science Bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1470-1478页

作者： Niko Viggianiello Fulvio Flamini Marco Bentivegna Nicolò Spagnolo Andrea Crespi Daniel J.Brod Ernesto F.Galvao Roberto Osellame fabio sciarrino Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Universitadi RomoPiazzale Aldo Moro 51-00185RomaItaly Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR)Piazza Leonardo da Vinci321-20133 MilanoItaly Diportimento di Fisica Politecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci321-20133 MilanoItaly Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street NorthWaterlooON N2L 2Y5Canada Instituto de Pisica Universidade Federal FluminenseAv.Gal.Milton Tavares de Souza s/nNiteroiRJ 24210-340Brazil

Particle indistinguishability is at the heart of quantum statistics that regulates fundamental phenomena such as the electronic band structure of solids, Bose-Einstein condensation and superconductivity.Moreover, it is necessary in practical applications such as linear optical quantum computation and simulation, in particular for Boson Sampling devices.It is thus crucial to develop tools to certify genuine multiphoton interference between multiple sources.Our approach employs the total variation distance to find those transformations that minimize the error probability in discriminating the behaviors of distinguishable and indistinguishable photons.In particular, we show that so-called Sylvester interferometers are near-optimal for this task.By using Bayesian tests and inference, we numerically show that Sylvester transformations largely outperform most Haar-random unitaries in terms of sample size required.Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the transformation using an efficient 3 D integrated circuits in the single-and multiple-source cases.We then discuss the extension of this approach to a larger number of photons and modes.These results open the way to the application of Sylvester interferometers for optimal assessment of multiphoton interference experiments.

关键词： Particle indistinguishability Quantum statistics Optical quantum computation Quantum simulation Sylvester interferometers Bayesian tests Multiphoton interference experiments

Dynamical learning of a photonics quantum-state engineering process

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Advanced Photonics 2021年第6期3卷 48-58页

作者： Alessia Suprano Danilo Zia Emanuele Polino Taira Giordani Luca Innocenti Alessandro Ferraro Mauro Paternostro Nicolo Spagnolo fabio sciarrino Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly Palacky University Department of OpticsOlomoucCzech Republic Queen’s University Belfast School of Mathematics and PhysicsCentre for Theoretical AtomicMolecularand Optical PhysicsBelfastUnited Kingdom Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio SegrePalermoItaly

Experimental engineering of high-dimensional quantum states is a crucial task for several quantum information protocols.However,a high degree of precision in the characterization of the noisy experimental apparatus is required to apply existing quantum-state engineering protocols.This is often lacking in practical scenarios,affecting the quality of the engineered states.We implement,experimentally,an automated adaptive optimization protocol to engineer photonic orbital angular momentum(OAM)states.The protocol,given a target output state,performs an online estimation of the quality of the currently produced states,relying on output measurement statistics,and determines how to tune the experimental parameters to optimize the state generation.To achieve this,the algorithm does not need to be imbued with a description of the generation apparatus itself.Rather,it operates in a fully black-box scenario,making the scheme applicable in a wide variety of circumstances.The handles controlled by the algorithm are the rotation angles of a series of waveplates and can be used to probabilistically generate arbitrary four-dimensional OAM states.We showcase our scheme on different target states both in classical and quantum regimes and prove its robustness to external perturbations on the control parameters.This approach represents a powerful tool for automated optimizations of noisy experimental tasks for quantum information protocols and technologies.

关键词： orbital angular momentum state engineering black-box optimization algorithm quantum walk

Path-polarization hyperentangled and cluster states of photons on a chip

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 836-841页

作者： Mario Arnolfo Ciampini Adeline Orieux Stefano Paesani fabio sciarrino Giacomo Corrielli Andrea Crespi Roberta Ramponi Roberto Osellame Paolo Mataloni Dipartimento di Fisica-Sapienza Universitàdi Roma I-00185 RomaItaly Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(IFN-CNR) I-20133 MilanoItaly Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano I-20133 MilanoItaly Télécom ParisTech CNRS-LTCI46 rue BarraultF-75634 Paris CEDEX 13France Centre for Quantum Photonics H H Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of BristolMerchant Ventures BuildingWoodland RoadBristol BS81UBUK.

Encoding many qubits in different degrees of freedom(DOFs)of single photons is one of the routes toward enlarging the Hilbert space spanned by a photonic quantum state.Hyperentangled photon states(that is,states showing entanglement in multiple DOFs)have demonstrated significant implications for both fundamental physics tests and quantum communication and computation.Increasing the number of qubits of photonic experiments requires miniaturization and integration of the basic elements,and functions to guarantee the setup stability,which motivates the development of technologies allowing the precise control of different photonic DOFs on a chip.We demonstrate the contextual use of path and polarization qubits propagating within an integrated quantum circuit.We tested the properties of four-qubit linear cluster states built on both DOFs,and we exploited them to perform the Grover's search algorithm according to the one-way quantum computation model.Our results pave the way toward the full integration on a chip of hybrid multi-qubit multiphoton states.

关键词： hyperentanglement integrated photonics quantum information quantum optics

Photonic implementation of boson sampling:a review

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Advanced Photonics 2019年第3期1卷 6-19页

作者： Daniel J.Brod Ernesto F.Galvão Andrea Crespi Roberto Osellame NicolòSpagnolo fabio sciarrino Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de FísicaNiteróiBrazil Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieMilanoItaly Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di FisicaMilanoItaly Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly

Boson sampling is a computational problem that has recently been proposed as a candidate to obtain an unequivocal quantum computational advantage.The problem consists in sampling from the output distribution of indistinguishable bosons in a linear interferometer.There is strong evidence that such an experiment is hard to classically simulate,but it is naturally solved by dedicated photonic quantum hardware,comprising single photons,linear evolution,and photodetection.This prospect has stimulated much effort resulting in the experimental implementation of progressively larger devices.We review recent advances in photonic boson sampling,describing both the technological improvements achieved and the future challenges.We also discuss recent proposals and implementations of variants of the original problem,theoretical issues occurring when imperfections are considered,and advances in the development of suitable techniques for validation of boson sampling experiments.We conclude by discussing the future application of photonic boson sampling devices beyond the original theoretical scope.

关键词： boson sampling multiphoton interference quantum supremacy quantum simulation integrated photonics

Orbital angular momentum based intra- and interparticle entangled states generated via a quantum dot source

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先进光子学(英文) 2023年第4期5卷 74-84页

作者： Alessia Suprano Danilo Zia Mathias Pont Taira Giordani Giovanni Rodari Mauro Valeri Bruno Piccirillo Gonzalo Carvacho Nicolo Spagnolo Pascale Senellart Lorenzo Marrucci fabio sciarrino Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly Universite Paris-Saclay UMR 9001Centre for Nanosciences and NanotechnologyCNRSPalaiseauFrance Universitàdi Napoli Federico II Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’AngeloDipartimento di Fisica“Ettore Pancini”NapoliItaly INFN-Sezione di Napoli NapoliItaly

Engineering single-photon states endowed with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a powerful toolfor quantum information photonic implementations. Indeed, due to its unbounded nature, OAM is suitable forencoding qudits, allowing a single carrier to transport a large amount of information. Most of the experimentalplatforms employ spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes to generate single photons, evenif this approach is intrinsically probabilistic, leading to scalability issues for an increasing number of qudits.Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been used to get over these limitations by producing on-demand pure and indistinguishable single-photon states, although only recently they have been exploitedto create OAM modes. Our work employs a bright QD single-photon source to generate a complete set ofquantum states for information processing with OAM-endowed photons. We first study hybrid intraparticleentanglement between OAM and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon whose preparationwas certified by means of Hong–Ou–Mandel visibility. Then, we investigate hybrid interparticle OAM-based entanglement by exploiting a probabilistic entangling gate. The performance of our approach isassessed by performing quantum state tomography and violating Bell inequalities. Our results pave theway for the use of deterministic sources for the on-demand generation of photonic high-dimensionalquantum states.

关键词： orbital angular momentum quantum dot intraparticle entanglement interparticle entanglement Bell violation

Air-core fiber distribution of hybrid vector vortex-polarization entangled states

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Advanced Photonics 2019年第4期1卷 42-50页

作者： Daniele Cozzolino Emanuele Polino Mauro Valeri Gonzalo Carvacho Davide Bacco NicoloSpagnolo Leif K.Oxenløwe fabio sciarrino Technical University of Denmark CoE SPOCDepartment of Photonics EngineeringLyngbyDenmark Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto dei Sistemi ComplessiRomaItaly

Entanglement distribution between distant parties is one of the most important and challenging tasks in quantum communication.Distribution of photonic entangled states using optical fiber links is a fundamental building block toward quantum networks.Among the different degrees of freedom,orbital angular momentum(OAM)is one of the most promising due to its natural capability to encode high dimensional quantum states.We experimentally demonstrate fiber distribution of hybrid polarization-vector vortex entangled photon pairs.To this end,we exploit a recently developed air-core fiber that supports OAM modes.High fidelity distribution of the entangled states is demonstrated by performing quantum state tomography in the polarization-OAM Hilbert space after fiber propagation and by violations of Bell inequalities and multipartite entanglement tests.The results open new scenarios for quantum applications where correlated complex states can be transmitted by exploiting the vectorial nature of light.

关键词： orbital angular momentum quantum communication structured light multimode fiber multipartite entanglement

Transmission of vector vortex beams in dispersive media

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Advanced Photonics 2020年第3期2卷 42-49页

作者： Ilaria Gianani Alessia Suprano Taira Giordani NicolòSpagnolo fabio sciarrino Dimitris Gorpas Vasilis Ntziachristos Katja Pinker Netanel Biton Judy Kupferman Shlomi Arnong Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomeItaly Universitàdegli Studi Roma Tre Dipartimento di ScienzeRomeItaly Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto dei Sistemi ComplessiRomaItaly Technische Universität München Biological Imaging and Center for Translational Cancer ResearchMunichGermany Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany Medical University of Vienna Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided TherapyMolecular and Gender Imaging ServiceViennaAustria Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBeer ShevaIsrael

Scattering phenomena affect light propagation through any kind of medium from free space to biological tissues.Finding appropriate strategies to increase the robustness to scattering is the common requirement in developing both communication protocols and imaging systems.Recently,structured light has attracted attention due to its seeming scattering resistance in terms of transmissivity and spatial behavior.Moreover,correlation between optical polarization and orbital angular momentum(OAM),which characterizes the so-called vector vortex beams(VVBs)states,seems to allow for the preservation of the polarization pattern.We extend the analysis by investigating both the spatial features and the polarization structure of vectorial optical vortexes propagating in scattering media with different concentrations.Among the observed features,we find a sudden swift decrease in contrast ratio for Gaussian,OAM,and VVB modes for concentrations of the adopted scattering media exceeding 0.09%.Our analysis provides a more general and complete study on the propagation of structured light in dispersive and scattering media.

关键词： orbital angular momentum scattering phenomena turbulent media optical polarization vector vortex beams