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Molecular Control of Flowering in Response to Day Length in Rice

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第5期55卷 410-418页

作者： Vittoria Brambilla fabio fornara Department of Biosciences University of Milan

Flowering at the most appropriate times of the year requires careful monitoring of environmental conditions and correct integration of such information with an endogenous molecular network. Rice （Oryza sativa） is a facultative short day plant, and flowers quickly under short day lengths, as opposed to Arabidopsis thaliana whose flowering is accelerated by longer days. Despite these physiological differences, several genes controlling flowering in response to day length （or photoperiod） are conserved between rice and Arabidopsis, and the molecular mechanisms involved are similar. Inductive day lengths trigger expression of florigenic proteins in leaves that can move to the shoot apical meristem to induce reproductivedevelopment. As compared to Arabidopsis, rice also possesses unique factors that regulate expression of florigenic genes. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in day length perception, production of florigenic signals, and molecular responses of the shoot apical meristem to florigenic proteins.

关键词： Rice florigen flowering photoperiod shoot apical meristem.

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SPL transcription factors prevent inflorescence reversion in rice

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1041-1043页

作者： Francesca Giaume fabio fornara Department of Biosciences University of MilanVia Celoria 2620133 MilanItaly

Plants show an incredible diversity of forms,dimensions,archi-tectures,structures,and reproductive behaviors.Yet,they can be geometrically described as composed of simple building units called phytomers,which are produced by the shoot apical meri-stem(SAM).A phytomer is made up of a node bearing a leaf and an axillary meristem,and of an internode connecting the node to the following phytomer.Piling of phytomers creates the plant body,similarly to a LEGO construction made of simple bricks.Modifications of the phytomeric unit creates diversity.The leaf can change in size and shape;the axillary meristem can be dormant or active,determinate or indeterminate;the internode can elongate considerably,or be compressed to the extent it might look invisible.

关键词： connecting dimensions visible

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Control of flowering in rice through synthetic microProteins

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第6期62卷 730-736页

作者： Tenai Eguen Jorge Gomez Ariza Vittoria Brambilla Bin Sun Kaushal Kumar Bhati fabio fornara Stephan Wenkel Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen1871Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Biosciences Universitàdegli Studi di Milano20133MilanoItaly

Photoperiod-dependent flowering in rice is regulated by HEADING DATE 1(Hd1),which acts as both an activator and repressor of flowering in a daylengthdependent manner.To investigate the use of microProteins as a tool to modify rice sensitivity to the photoperiod,we designed a synthetic Hd1 micro Protein(Hd1miP)capable of interacting with Hd1 protein,and overexpressed it in rice.Transgenic OX-Hd1 miP plants flowered significantly earlier than wild type plants when Breakt grown in non-inductive long day conditions.Our results show the potential of microProteins to serve as powerful tools for modulating crop traits and unraveling protein function.

关键词： function. inductive flowering

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Alternative splicing enhances transcriptome complexity in desiccating seeds

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第12期58卷 947-958页

作者： Arunkumar Srinivasan Jose M. Jimenez-Gomez fabio fornara Wim J. J. Soppe Vittoria Brambilla Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Cologne Germany Open Analytics Antwerp Belgium Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Versailles France University of Milan Department of Biosciences Milano 20133 Italy University of Milan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences via Celoria 220133 Milano Italy

Before being dispersed in the environment, mature seeds need to be dehydrated. The survival of seeds after dispersal depends on their low hydration in combination with high desiccation tolerance. These characteristics are estab- lished during seed maturation. Some key seed maturation genes have been reported to be regulated by alternative splicing （AS）. However, so far AS was described only for single genes and a comprehensive analysis of AS during seed maturation has been lacking. We investigated gene expression and AS during Arabidopsis thaliana seed development at a global level, before and after desiccation. Bioinformatics tools were developed to identify differentially spliced regions within genes. Our data suggest the importance and shows the peculiar features of AS during seed desiccation. We identified AS in 347o of genes that are expressed at both timepoints before and after desiccation. Most of these AS transcript variants had not been found before in other tissues. Among the AS genes some seed master regulators could be found. Interestingly, 6% of all expressed transcripts were not transcriptionally regulated during desiccation, but only modified by AS. We propose that AS should be more routinely taken into account in the analysis of transcriptomic data to prevent overlooking potentially important regulators.

关键词： Alternative splicing Arabidopsis thaliana seed desiccation

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Environmental control of rice flowering time

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Plant Communications 2023年第5期4卷 134-152页

作者： Giulio Vicentini Marco Biancucci Lorenzo Mineri Daniele Chirivı Francesca Giaume Yiling Miao Junko Kyozuka Vittoria Brambilla Camilla Betti fabio fornara Department of Biosciences University of Milanvia Celoria 2620133 MilanItaly Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Milanvia Celoria 220133 MilanItaly Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan

Correct measurement of environmental parameters is fundamental for plant fitness and survival,as well as for timing developmental transitions,including the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth.Important parameters that affect flowering time include day length(photoperiod)and temperature.Their response pathways have been best described in Arabidopsis,which currently offers a detailed conceptual framework and serves as a comparison for other species.Rice,the focus of this review,also possesses a photoperiodic flowering pathway,but 150 million years of divergent evolution in very different environments have diversified its molecular architecture.The ambient temperature perception pathway is strongly intertwined with the photoperiod pathway and essentially converges on the same genes to modify flowering time.When observing network topologies,it is evident that the rice flowering network is centered on EARLY HEADING DATE 1,a rice-specific transcriptional regulator.Here,we summarize the most important features of the rice photoperiodic flowering network,with an emphasis on its uniqueness,and discuss its connections with hormonal,temperature perception,and stress pathways.

关键词： rice photoperiod temperature flowering stress florigens

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