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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第5期10卷 885-897页

作者： fang yi-ping Institute of Mountain Hazards& Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

The interaction among different livelihood capitals is a key to generate a deeper understanding of the livelihood *** this paper,we use net income per capita(economic capital),meat and milk production per capita(physical capital),and areas of fenced pasture,livestock shelter,grassland rodent control and planted grassland(physical capital) as proxy indicators of livelihood promotion,livelihood provision,and livelihood protection *** developing a correlation model between pastoralists' livelihood protection and improvement,we found that(1) there is a statistically significant correlation between the pastoralists' livelihood protection and promotion;(2) based on the maximum effect of pastoralists' livelihood promotion and provision,there is a benchmark in the effect of the intervention intensity of livelihood capital(grassland resource protection) on livelihood improvement;(3) on basis of two indicators,*** income per capita and meat production per capita,the reasonable scales of fenced pasture,livestock shelter and planted grassland are less than 843,860 and 46 thousand hectares(hm2) per year *** the marginal effect of livelihood protection,moderately decreased areas of fenced pasture and planted grassland,and increased area of livestock shelter is a critical to ensure pastoralist's livelihood sustainability.

关键词： Regional sustainability Natural capitalprotection Pastoralist's livelihood Source Region ofthe Yellow River

Changes in the food supply capacity of alpine grassland ecosystem:A dialectic synthesis of natural and anthropogenic drivers

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 1-10页

作者： fang yi-ping Institute of Mountain Hazards&Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Grassland-based animal husbandry and livestock production is the main contributor to livelihood creation for *** using the structural dynamics method,this study quantified the changes in the food supply capacity(FSC)of alpine grassland ecosystem and sensitivity to significant *** findings indicated that:i)Natural factors were the dominated forces affecting FSC,and their contribution was 71.3%.Of these natural elements,the net primary productivity(NPP)and precipitation were the largest contributors,accounting for approximately 35%.The sensitivity index of the FSC to NPP and precipitation during grassland growing season were 4.1 and 1.9 *** the contrary,human factors like warm shed area,density of road,capacity for access to information,contributed to 28.7%of the total ***)More intense snow disaster had a larger negative impact on *** disaster can cause dramatic reduction in FSC,with a loss rate of 27.6%and with none intense disaster more negative impacts,iii)The continuing increase of FSC in the past 30 years from 1984 to 2014 was due to the significant increase of precipitation and NPP in the growing season of alpine ***,successful adaptation to climate change was critical to combat the climatic adversely impact on ***,strengthening information dissemination,road accessibility and knowledge popularization of local residents'disaster reduction should be place high priority for improving FSC。

关键词： Food supply capacity Alpine grassland ecosystem Structural dynamics method Snow disaster Permafrost

Spatial distribution of mountainous regions and classifications of economic development in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第6期13卷 1120-1138页

作者： fang yi-ping yiNG Bin Institute of Mountain Hazards&Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001China

China is a mountainous country with a great diversity of landform and *** diversity underlines the need for regionalization and *** study defines the mountain terrains and regions with three criteria-elevation,relative height,and slope,and examines the extent of mountainous regions by using county as the basic administrative *** to the three parameters of economic base,resident income and development potential,we classified the economic development level in mountainous regions of *** findings reveal that the extent of the mountainous region accounts for 74.9% of the China's Mainland's total *** economic development of mountainous regions in China is classified into 4 main types and 23 subtypes.

关键词： Mountain terrain Mountainous region Classification system Economic development China

Role of permafrost in resilience of social-ecological system and its spatio-temporal dynamics in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 179-194页

作者： fang yi-ping ZHU Fu-biao yi Shu-hua QIU Xiao-ping DING Yong-jian Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Economics Hefei University of Technology School of Geographic Sciences Nantong University College of Geography and Resources Science Sichuan Normal University State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

Permafrost is one of the key components of terrestrial ecosystem in cold regions. In the context of climate change, few studies have investigated resilience of social ecological system(SER) from the perspective of permafrost that restricts the hydrothermal condition of alpine grassland ecosystem. In this paper, based on the structural dynamics, we developed the numerical model for the SER in the permafrost regions of the source of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and sensitivity of the SER, and estimated the effect of permafrost change on the SER. The results indicate that: 1) the SER has an increasing trend, especially after 1997, which is the joint effect of precipitation, temperature, NPP and ecological conservation projects; 2) the SER shows the spatial feature of high in southeast and low in northwest,which is consistent with the variation trends of high southeast and low northwest for the precipitation, temperature and NPP, and low southeast and high northwest for the altitude; 3) the high sensitive regions of SER to the permafrost change have gradually transited from the island distribution to zonal and planar distribution since 1980, moreover, the sensitive degree has gradually reduced; relatively, the sensitivity has high value in the north and south, and low value in the south and east; 4) the thickness of permafrost active layer shows a highly negative correlation with the SER. The contribution rate of permafrost change to the SER is-4.3%, that is, once the thickness of permafrost active layer increases 1 unit, the SER would decrease 0.04 units.

关键词： Resilience of social ecological system Permafrost Permafrost active layer thickness Structural dynamic equation Source regions of Yangtze and Yellow rivers

Contribution of cancer stem cells to tumor vasculogenic mimicry

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Protein & Cell 2011年第4期2卷 266-272页

作者： Xiao-hong Yao yi-fang ping Xiu-wu Bian Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China

Vasculogenic mimicry(VM),a newly-defined pattern of tumor blood supply,provides a special passage without endothelial cells and is conspicuously different from angiogenesis and *** biological features of the tumor cells that form VM remain *** stem cells(CSCs)are believed to be tumorinitiating cells,capable of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation,which resemble normal stem cells in phenotype and *** CSCs have been shown to contribute to VM formation as well as *** findings challenge the previous understanding of the cellular basis of VM *** this review,we present evidence for participation of CSCs in VM *** also discuss the potential mechanisms and possible interaction of CSCs with various elements in tumor microenvironment *** on the importance of VM in tumor progression,it constitutes a novel therapeutic target for cancer.

关键词： cancer stem cell vasculogenic mimicry differentiation plasticity niche microenvironment

Gradient effect of road transportation on economic development in different geomorphic regions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第1期15卷 181-197页

作者： YANG Xue-ting fang yi-ping QIU Xiao-ping ZHU Fu-biao Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

The economic benefits of transport infrastructure investment have been widely ***,the varying influence of road transport development across vertical space has rarely been *** Sichuan province in China as case study area where the landform is diverse and complex,administrative counties were categorized into 4 main types:plain counties,hill counties,mountain counties,and plateau *** statistical data during 2006-2014,theperformanceofeconomic development and transport construction level in the four types of counties are ***,the heterogeneous effect of each grade road on economy was calculated by local regression model(GWR).The results indicate that plain counties largely surpassed the other geomorphic counties in economic development level,while the gradient gap among them was on the ***,distribution of transport infrastructure presented a decreasing trend from the low plain counties to high plateau *** imbalances were mainly reflected in the County road and Village *** the changes of regional gaps,National&Provincial roads and County roads were constantly expanding,whereas the disparity of Village road was slowly narrowing over *** noteworthy was the non-stationary economic influence of traffic factors across vertical *** average,National&Provincial roads generated higher benefits in the high elevation regions than the *** contrast,County road and Village road were found to be more effective in promoting economic development in *** regard to local estimates of traffic factors,coefficients in mountain counties exhibited larger fluctuation ranges than other geomorphic *** conclusions provide a basis for government decisionmaking in a more reasonable construction arrangement of road facilities and sustainable economic development.

关键词： Geomorphic counties Road transportation Economic development Geographically weighted regression Gradient variation

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第8期16卷 1883-1900页

作者： YANG Xue-ting QIU Xiao-ping fang yi-ping XU Yun ZHU Fu-biao Research Center of Sichuan County Economy Development Mianyang Teachers’CollegeMianyang 621000China The faculty Geography Resource Sciences Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610101China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Economics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China

As an important component of China’ transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.

关键词： Accessibility Raster cost weighted Geographically weighted regression Economic effect Spatial variations

Effects of altitude on county economic development in China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 406-418页

作者： ZHU Fu-biao fang yi-ping YANG Xue-ting QIU Xiao-ping YU Hu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Mountain regions play an increasingly essential role in global sustainable development, and the related sustainable development issues have attracted increasing attention. There are obvious vertical spatial differentiation phenomena in both natural and socio-eeonomic fields with altitude being a key factor affecting the economic development of mountain regions. However, the exact influence of altitude is still unknown. Based on the county scale, this paper used the gravitational potential energy model to evaluate the effects of altitude on economic development in China. The results indicate that the high-altitude areas were the depression areas of county economic development, and county economic density showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. County economic density respectively decreased by 0.10%, 0.04% and 0.02% with every 1% increase in altitude in 2000, 2005 and 2010. Here we demonstrate that high altitude has negative effect on county economy, although the negative effect presented a downward trend. The results also showed that increasing capital and labor investments could reduce the negative effect of high altitude on county economy. In 2010, with every 1% increase in capital and labor density, county economic density increased by 0.62% and 0.83%, respectively. The effects of altitude were the results of multidimensional factors. The fundamental approach to reduce the negative effects of high altitude is to combine the ecological environment and resources to develop characteristic industries. The construction of infrastructure should be strengthened, which can promote the occurrence of the contra-flow of people, logistics and capital, and promote the balanced development of county economy.

关键词： Mountain region County economy Altitude Vertical differentiation Gravitationalpotential energy Balanced development

Cascading adaptation of rural livelihood to changing environment:Conceptual framework and experiment from the Koshi River basin

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第2期11卷 141-157页

作者： fang yi-ping ZHU Ran ZHANG Chen-Jia Golam RASUL Nilhari NEUPANE Institute of Mountain Hazards&Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development GPO Box3226KathmanduNepal Center of Research for Environment Energy and WaterKathmandu44600Nepal

Rural communities in the Koshi River basin,a trans-boundary river basin in the Hindu Kush-Himalayas,have been experiencing unprecedented difficulties for adapting with the livelihood challenges arising from floods,droughts and other climatic,environmental and socio-economic *** single purpose adaptation approach often fails to address the multiple challenges arises from cascading effects of climate change at different scales and *** fill this gap,we developed a multi-dimensional flexible adaptation framework looking at the four dimensions of adaptation,structure,issue,time,and space(SITS).The SITS framework provides a comprehensive approach for cascading adaptation at trans-boundary river basin level and it could effectively enhance the adaptive capacity and transform livelihood outcome if properly *** the SITS framework,we examined four cascading adaptation pathways for:i)reducing disaster stressors on livelihoods,ii)enhancing access to crucial livelihood capitals,iii)improving equal rights to livelihood,and iv)strengthening synergies and exploiting complementarities at trans-boundary river basin *** findings revealed that in the context of changing climate,it is necessary to employ different livelihood adaptation strategies and multiple responses simultaneously or sequentially to successfully adapt to the cascading effects of changing *** cascading adaptation may provide a sound basis on which to cope with the climate uncertainty through realistic scenarios of structure,issue,time and *** implementation,however,has several obstacles,for example,differences in national system,investment capacity,complexity of trans-boundary basin,remained particularly in trans-boundary river basin where managing transnational trade-offs and harness spatial synergies are critically important.

关键词： Cascading adaptation Rural livelihood Trans-boundary river basin SITS framework

An ecosystem services zoning framework for the permafrost regions of China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第2期10卷 92-98页

作者： XU Ling-Xing YANG De-Wei WU Tong-Hua yi Shu-Hua fang yi-ping XIAO Cun-De LIN Hao-Xi HUANG Jin-Chuan Claudien HABIMANA SIMBI Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China College o f Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academ of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Institute of Fragile Ecosystem and Environment Nantong University Nantong 226007 China School of Geographic Sciences Nantong University Nantong 226007 China Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 61004L China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The degradation of the permafrost regions, resulting from intensive anthropogenic activities and global warming, has led to the loss of ecosystem services and is threating human well-being. Nevertheless, the real ecosystem service values and their complete zoning system in the permafrost regions have received insufficient attention. Research gaps between the identification of permafrost-based ecosystem services and ecosystem management are seriously constraining the development of cryospheric science. Thus, an ecosystem service zoning framework that links ecosystem services with human welfares is proposed to solve the abovementioned challenges in the permafrost regions of China. The three tiered zoning framework for ecosystem services, consisting of zoning goals, principles, hierarchy, methodology, and nomenclature, is proposed for the permafrost regions of China. A combined method, i.e., GIS spatial tools, the location entropy analysis model, and ecosystem services assessment, was employed to distinguish ecosystem conditions, ecosystem service supply, and beneficiaries into these three-grade ecosystem service zones. Hierarchical and dynamic zoning could clarify protection priorities of ecosystems and ecosystem services in terms of regions, grades, and types. The framework could contribute to sustainable management of ecosystem services in the cryosphere.

关键词： Demand Ecosystem services Ecological zoning Permafrost Supply