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Nonlinear encoding in diffractive information processing using linear optical materials

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1675-1688页

作者： yuhang li Jingxi li Aydogan Ozcan Electrical&Computer Engineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Bioengineering Department University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI) University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Nonlinear encoding of optical information can be achieved using various forms of data ***,we analyze the performances of different nonlinear information encoding strategies that can be employed in diffractive optical processors based on linear materials and shed light on their utility and performance gaps compared to the state-of-the-art digital deep neural *** a comprehensive evaluation,we used different datasets to compare the statistical inference performance of simpler-to-implement nonlinear encoding strategies that involve,e.g.,phase encoding,against data repetition-based nonlinear encoding *** show that data repetition within a diffractive volume(e.g.,through an optical cavity or cascaded introduction of the input data)causes the loss of the universal linear transformation capability of a diffractive optical ***,data repetition-based diffractive blocks cannot provide optical analogs to fully connected or convolutional layers commonly employed in digital neural ***,they can still be effectively trained for specific inference tasks and achieve enhanced accuracy,benefiting from the nonlinear encoding of the input *** results also reveal that phase encoding of input information without data repetition provides a simpler nonlinear encoding strategy with comparable statistical inference accuracy to data repetition-based diffractive *** analyses and conclusions would be of broad interest to explore the push-pull relationship between linear material-based diffractive optical systems and nonlinear encoding strategies in visual information processors.

关键词： nonlinear simpler Nonlinear

Hole-Selective Contact with Molecularly Tailorable Reactivity for Passivating High-Performing Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第7期6卷 1654-1661页

作者： Wenlin Jiang yingie Hu fengzhu li francis R.lin Alex K-y.Jen Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077 State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution City University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong China 999077

The precisely customizable attributes of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)molecules at the atomic level hold the potential to facilitate efficient hole selection and interface passivation ***,the correlation between the exposure of passivating groups on the surface and device performance remains ***,we introduce two newly designed SAM molecules,Cbz2S and Cbz2SMe,incorporating cyclic disulfide or two flanking thiomethyls by modifying the 4,5-position of carbazole to adjust the Lewis basicity of the SAM-modified *** possessing suitable energetic alignment,Cbz2S with more-exposed sulfur atoms exhibited inferior device performance due to excessive reactivity,leading to an overpopulation of PbI2 crystallites at the buried perovskite *** contrast,the screening effect from the methyl groups of Cbz2SMe optimized SAM reactivity,exquisitely integrating buried interface passivation and hole selection ***,the champion inverted perovskite solar cell(PSC)employing Cbz2SMe achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.42%,accompanied by prolonged *** work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating Lewis-basic passivation groups into SAM molecules and elucidates the relationship between the reactivity of SAM passivation groups and device *** findings provide valuable insights for the design of novel multifunctional SAM molecules,further advancing the performance of PSCs.

关键词： self-assembled monolayer perovskite solar cell hole-selective layer carbazole derivatives defect passivation

future Physics Programme of BESⅢ

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第4期44卷 I0001-I0004,1-102页

作者： M.Ablikim M.N.Achasov P.Adlarson S.Ahmed M.Albrecht M.Alekseev A.Amoroso f.f.An Q.An y.Bai O.Bakina R.Baldini ferroli y.Ban K.Begzsuren J.V.Bennett N.Berger M.Bertani D.Bettoni f.Bianchi J Biernat J.Bloms I.Boyko R.A.Briere L.Calibbi H.Cai X.Cai A.Calcaterra G.f.Cao N.Cao S.A.Cetin J.Chai J.f.Chang W.L.Chang J.Charles G.Chelkov Chen G.Chen H.S.Chen J.C.Chen M.L.Chen S.J.Chen y.B.Chen H.y.Cheng W.Cheng G.Cibinetto f.Cossio X.f.Cui H.L.Dai J.P.Dai X.C.Dai A.Dbeyssi D.Dedovich Z.y.Deng A.Denig Denysenko M.Destefanis S.Descotes-Genon f.De Mori y.Ding C.Dong J.Dong L.y.Dong M.y.Dong Z.L.Dou S.X.Du S.I.Eidelman J.Z.fan J.fang S.S.fang y.fang R.farinelli L.fava f.feldbauer G.felici C.Q.feng M.fritsch C.D.fu y.fu Q.Gao X.L.Gao y.Gao y.Gao y.G.Gao Z.Gao B.Garillon I.Garzia E.M.Gersabeck A.Gilman K.Goetzen L.Gong W.X.Gong W.Gradl M.Greco L.M.Gu M.H.Gu y.T.Gu A.Q.Guo f.K.Guo L.B.Guo R.P.Guo y.P.Guo A.Guskov S.Han X.Q.Hao f.A.Harris K.L.He f.H.Heinsius T.Held y.K.Heng y.R.Hou Z.L.Hou H.M.Hu J.f.Hu T.Hu y.Hu G.S.Huang J.S.Huang X.T.Huang X.Z.Huang Z.L.Huang N.Huesken T.Hussain W.Ikegami Andersson W.Imoehl M.Irshad Q.Ji Q.P.Ji X.B.Ji X.L.Ji H.L.Jiang X.S.Jiang X.y.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao D.P.Jin S.Jin y.Jin T.Johansson N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki X.S.Kang R.Kappert M.Kavatsyuk B.C.Ke I.K.Keshk T.Khan A.Khoukaz P.Kiese R.Kiuchi R.Kliemt L.Koch O.B.Kolcu B.Kopf M.Kuemmel M.Kuessner A.Kupsc M.Kurth M.G.Kurth W.Kuhn J.S.Lange P.Larin L.Lavezzi H.Leithoff T.Lenz C.li Cheng li D.M.li f.li f.y.li G.li H.B.li H.J.li J.C.li J.W.li Ke li L.K.li Lei li P.L.li P.R.li Q.y.li W.D.li W.G.li X.H.li X.L.li X.N.li X.Q.li Z.B.li H.liang H.liang y.f.liang y.T.liang G.R.liao L.Z.liao J.libby C.X.lin D.X.lin y.J.lin B.liu B.J.liu C.X.liu D.liu D.y.liu f.H.liu fang liu feng liu H.B.liu H.M.liu Huanhuan liu Huihui liu J.B.liu J.y.liu K.y.liu Ke liu Q.liu S.B.liu T.liu X.liu X.y.liu y.B.liu Z.A.liu Zhiqing liu y.f.Long X.C.Lou H.J.Lu J.D.Lu J.G.Lu y.Lu y.P.Lu C.L.Luo M.X.Luo P.W.Luo T.Luo X.L.Luo S.Lusso X.R.Lyu f.C.Ma H.L.Ma L.L.Ma M.M.Ma Q.M.Ma X.N.Ma X.X. Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617China Bochum Ruhr-University D-44780 BochumGermany Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPennsylvania 15213USA Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing 100190China COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusDefence RoadOff Raiwind Road54000 LahorePakistan fudan University Shanghai 200443China G.I.Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS(BINP) Novosibirsk 630090Russia GSI Helmholtzcentre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH D-64291 DarmstadtGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi University Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003China Huangshan College Huangshan 245000China Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036India Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA INfN Laboratori Nazionali di frascati I-00044FrascatiItaly INfN Sezione di ferrara I-44122FerraraItaly Institute of Physics and Technology Peace Ave.54BUlaanbaatar 13330Mongolia Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 45D-55099 MainzGermany Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 DubnaMoscow regionRussia Justus-liebig-Universitaet Giessen II.Physikalisches InstitutHeinrich-Buff-Ring 16D-35392 GiessenGermany KVI-CART University of GroningenNL-9747 AA GroningenThe Netherlands Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000China liaoning University Shenyang 110036China Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023China Nanjing University Nanjing 210093China Nankai University Tianjin 300071China Peking University Beijing 100871China Shandong University Jinan 250100China Shanghai

There has recently been a dramatic renewal of interest in hadron spectroscopy and charm physics. This renaissance has been driven in part by the discovery of a plethora of charmonium-like XyZ states at BESⅢ and B factories, and the observation of an intriguing proton-antiproton threshold enhancement and the possibly related X(1835) meson state at BESⅢ, as well as the threshold measurements of charm mesons and charm baryons. We present a detailed survey of the important topics in tau-charm physics and hadron physics that can be further explored at BESⅢ during the remaining operation period of BEPCⅡ. This survey will help in the optimization of the data-taking plan over the coming years, and provides physics motivation for the possible upgrade of BEPCⅡ to higher luminosity.

关键词： meson hadron optimization

Development of EPDM composites reinforced by CNTs@SiO_(2)for thermal protection systems of aerospace propulsion:Significant improvement in oxidation and ablation resistance properties

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 471-481页

作者： li WANG Jiang li Kang li yiwei WANG Chenyang MA Science and Technology on Combustion Internal Flow and Thermal-Structure LaboratoryNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs)reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composites(PMCs)is widely used as insulation materials in thermal protection system of aerospace ***,CNTs are prone to oxidation and have high thermal conductivities,which makes it difficult to improve the ablation resistance of insulation materials that contain ***_(2)was encapsulated onto the surface of CNTs(CNTs@SiO_(2)),which were then added to Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer(EPDM)rubber to prepare the insulation *** analysis and ablation test were used to evaluate the resistance of the insulation materials to thermal oxidation and ***,scanning electron microscopy was performed to analyze their *** revealed that the addition of CNTs@SiO_(2)could visibly reduce the effects of hot corrosion and ablation on insulation *** C-CNTs@SiO_(2)-1 formulation had the best ablative ***,compared with the unencapsulated formulation(C-CNTs-10),the C-CNTs@SiO_(2)-1 formulation reduced the line ablation rate by 51%to 0.0130 mm/s after oxygen-acetylene ***,the ablation mechanism was investigated based on the effects of the CNTs@SiO_(2)additive on their ***,the improvement in ablation performance may be attributed to CNTs@SiO_(2)-induced decreases in thermal conductivity,improvement in the hot corrosion resistance in the char layer,and changes in the microstructure.

关键词： Polymer-Matrix Composites(PMCs) Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs) Thermal properties Ablation Oxidation

Multi-Physics Coupled Acoustic-Mechanics Analysis and Synergetic Optimization for a Twin-fluid Atomization Nozzle

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第3期37卷 204-223页

作者： Wenying li yanying li yingjie Lu Jinhuan Xu Bo Chen li Zhang yanbiao li College of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China State Key Laboratory of fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXian 710072China Guizhou Anda Aviation forging Co. Ltd.Anshun 561005China

fine particulate matter produced during the rapid industrialization over the past decades can cause significant harm to human ***-fluid atomization technology is an effective means of controlling fine particulate matter *** this paper,the influences of the main parameters on the droplet size,effective atomization range and sound pressure level(SPL)of a twin-fluid nozzle(TfN)are investigated,and in order to improve the atomization performance,a multi-objective synergetic optimization algorithm is presented.A multi-physics coupled acousticmechanics model based on the discrete phase model(DPM),large eddy simulation(LES)model,and ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(fW-H)model is established,and the numerical simulation results of the multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics method are verified via experimental *** on the analysis of the multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics numerical simulation results,the effects of the water flow on the characteristics of the atomization flow distribution were obtained.A multi-physics coupled acoustic-mechanics numerical simulation result was employed to establish an orthogonal test database,and a multi-objective synergetic optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the key parameters of the *** optimal parameters are as follows:A gas flow of 0.94 m^(3)/h,water flow of 0.0237 m^(3)/h,orifice diameter of the self-excited vibrating cavity(SVC)of 1.19 mm,SVC orifice depth of 0.53 mm,distance between SVC and the outlet of nozzle of 5.11 mm,and a nozzle outlet diameter of 3.15 *** droplet particle size in the atomization flow field was significantly reduced,the spray distance improved by 71.56%,and the SPL data at each corresponding measurement point decreased by an average of 38.96%.The conclusions of this study offer a references for future TfN research.

关键词： Twin-fluid nozzle BP neural network Multi-objective optimization Multi-physics coupled Acousticmechanics analysis Genetic algorithm

Amelioration of habitat since the early Holocene contributed to the origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2535-2546页

作者： Xin JIA Zhiping ZHANG yonggang SUN Runqi JIANG Shuangwen yI Wei CHEN Jue SUN Guoqiang li Shuzhi WANG Enrui li Xiaonong HU Qingchun BAO Harry f.LEE Huayu LU Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Schlool of History and Culture Chifeng UniversityChifeng 024000China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China Ulanqab Museum Ulanqab 012000China The Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Hohhot 010011China Department of Geography and Resource Management The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Institute of Environmental Archaeology Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China

The origin of agriculture in the farming-pastoral zone of northern China remains in *** central region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau is located in the core area of the farming-pastoral zone;thus,it is a critical region for exploring the origin of the dryland farming system in northern *** study selected the yumin Site and Banan Site,which belong to the yumin Culture-the beginning of Neolithic culture in Inner Mongolia-as the research *** on the quartz optically stimulated luminescence(OSL)dating on the sedimentary sections from the yumin site(yM)and Banan site(BN1 and BN2),the Holocene chronology framework of each section was *** that,by identifying carbonized grains in the yumin site and the multi-proxy analysis of each section,we investigated the relationship between the origin of agriculture and climate change in this *** results revealed that the timing of the origin of agriculture recorded in the yumin site lagged behind the timing of a significant increase of precipitation during the early Holocene but coincided with the timing of a significant increase of vegetation around 8.4 *** phenomenon was further confirmed by the published high-resolution paleoenvironmental records from the surrounding area of the yumin *** propose that with the gradual amelioration of hydrothermal conditions since the beginning of the Holocene,the regional ecosystem had been improved,resulting in the gradual conversion of the land surface from infertile sand to organic-rich soil,providing an appropriate environmental foundation for the origin of dryland farming in northern China around 8.4 *** study highlighted that the“accumulative environmental effects”during the early Holocene played a vital role in the origin of agriculture in northern China and provided a reference for agricultural management in the context of future climate change.

关键词： Origin of agriculture Accumulative environmental effects yumin Culture Northern China Holocene

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On the use of deep learning for phase recovery

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 190-235页

作者： Kaiqiang Wang li Song Chutian Wang Zhenbo Ren Guangyuan Zhao Jiazhen Dou Jianglei Di George Barbastathis Renjie Zhou Jianlin Zhao Edmund y.Lam Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA

Phase recovery(PR)refers to calculating the phase of the light field from its intensity *** exemplified from quantitative phase imaging and coherent diffraction imaging to adaptive optics,PR is essential for reconstructing the refractive index distribution or topography of an object and correcting the aberration of an imaging *** recent years,deep learning(DL),often implemented through deep neural networks,has provided unprecedented support for computational imaging,leading to more efficient solutions for various PR *** this review,we first briefly introduce conventional methods for ***,we review how DL provides support for PR from the following three stages,namely,pre-processing,in-processing,and *** also review how DL is used in phase image ***,we summarize the work in DL for PR and provide an outlook on how to better use DL to improve the reliability and efficiency of ***,we present a live-updating resource(https://***/kqwang/phase-recovery)for readers to learn more about PR.

关键词： networks phase optics

Evolutionary history shapes variation of wood density of tree species across the world

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 283-293页

作者： fangbing li Hong Qian Jordi Sardans Dzhamal y.Amishev Zixuan Wang Changyue Zhang Tonggui Wu Xiaoniu Xu Xiao Tao Xingzhao Huang Anhui Province Key Laboratory of forest Resources and Silviculture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA CREAf Cerdanyola del VallesBarcelona 08193Spain Global Ecology Unit CREAf-CSIC-UAB CSICBellaterraBarcelona 08193Spain Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA)School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&Technology219 Ningliu RoadNanjing 210044China Department of Natural Resources Management Lakehead UniversityThunder BayOntario P7B 5E1Canada School of forestry&Landscape of Architecture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Research Institute of Subtropical forestry Chinese Academy of ForestryHangzhou 311400China

The effect of evolutionary history on wood density variation may play an important role in shaping variation in wood density,but this has largely not been *** a comprehensive global dataset including 27,297 measurements of wood density from 2621 tree species worldwide,we test the hypothesis that the legacy of evolutionary history plays an important role in driving the variation of wood density among tree *** assessed phylogenetic signal in different taxonomic(e.g.,angiosperms and gymnosperms)and ecological(e.g.,tropical,temperate,and boreal)groups of tree species,explored the biogeographical and phylogenetic patterns of wood density,and quantified the relative importance of current environmental factors(e.g.,climatic and soil variables)and evolutionary history(i.e.,phylogenetic relatedness among species and lineages)in driving global wood density *** found that wood density displayed a significant phylogenetic *** density differed among different biomes and climatic zones,with higher mean values of wood density in relatively drier regions(highest in subtropical desert).Our study revealed that at a global scale,for angiosperms and gymnosperms combined,phylogeny and species(representing the variance explained by taxonomy and not direct explained by long-term evolution process)explained 84.3%and 7.7%of total wood density variation,respectively,whereas current environment explained 2.7%of total wood density variation when phylogeny and species were taken into *** angiosperms and gymnosperms were considered separately,the three proportions of explained variation are,respectively,84.2%,7.5%and 6.7%for angiosperms,and 45.7%,21.3%and 18.6%for *** study shows that evolutionary history outpaced current environmental factors in shaping global variation in wood density.

关键词： Wood density Phylogeny Angiosperms Gymnosperms Climate factors Biophysical parameters

Ren-integrable and ren-symmetric integrable systems

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 62-69页

作者： S y Lou School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China

A new type of symmetry,ren-symmetry,describing anyon physics and corresponding topological physics,is ***-symmetry is a generalization of super-symmetry which is widely applied in super-symmetric physics such as super-symmetric quantum mechanics,super-symmetric gravity,super-symmetric string theory,super-symmetric integrable systems and so *** and Grassmann numbers are,in some sense,dual conceptions,and it turns out that these conceptions coincide for the ren situation,that is,a similar conception of ren-number(R-number)is devised for *** particular,some basic results of the R-number and ren-symmetry are exposed which allow one to derive,in principle,some new types of integrable systems including ren-integrable models and ren-symmetric integrable *** examples of ren-integrable KdV-type systems and ren-symmetric KdV equations are explicitly given.

关键词： symmetries integrable systems anyon physics extended supersymmetry ren-symmetry