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Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional Hospital in Cameroon’s far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma Haoua Abouame Selangai Hélène Kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick f.rnando kemta Lepka Daniel Nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou Haman Soureya Yolande feudjo Ulrich Dama félicitée Nguefack faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional Hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General Hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of Lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional Hospital, the third level referral Hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional Hospital. The sample size was obtained from the Lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). HIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children far North Cameroon

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Diagnostic Value of Leukocyte Count Abnormalities in Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis Patients

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2020年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane Abinkeng Tazifua Ebenezer Ngouadjeu Dongho Eveline Mafo Nzonteu Estelle Raissa kemta lekpa f.rnando Che Vanessa Lum Namme Luma Henry Douala General Hospital Department of Internal MedicineDoualaCameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of DoualaDoualaCameroon faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1YaoundeCameroon

Background: The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is frequently challenging given that the clinical and radiographic features of TB are often nonspecific. Altered leukocyte count ratios could serve as new tools of diagnostic orientation of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the leukocyte count ratios for the diagnosis of TB. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including cases of newly diagnosed TB patients from registers of the TB treatment center of the Douala General Hospital. Control subjects were healthy volunteers, age and sex matched, recruited at the blood bank. Sociodemographic, clinical data and peripheral blood parameters were collected. The diagnostic value of leukocyte counts was determined using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Results: In total, 204 TB patients and 204 control subjects were included in the study. The gender of the participants was equitably distributed in the 2 study groups (male 61.8%;female 38.2%). The median age of TB patients was 33 years while that of control patients was 32 years. The monocyte-lymphocyte count ratio (MLR) and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the TB patients group compared to control group. A NLR >1.19 and MLR >0.29 were identified as cut-off values for discriminating TB patients. The areas under the curves (AUC) were 0.77 and 0.84 for the MLR and NLR respectively. Conclusion: A raised NLR > 1.19 and MLR > 0.29 are predictive of tuberculosis. The NLR has greater diagnostic ability as evidenced by its higher AUC. further research is needed to confirm or refute our findings.

关键词： Leukocytes Diagnosis Tuberculosis Africa

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Epidemiology, Clinical and Paraclinical Presentations of Pulmonary Embolism: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sub-Saharan Africa Setting

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2019年第3期9卷 89-99页

作者： Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou Ngahane félicité Kamdem Silvain Raoul Simeni Njonnou Nina Chebou Anastase Dzudie Serge Arnold Ebongue Bruno Tengang f.rnando kemta lekpa Yacouba Mapoure Njankouo Sidick Mouliom Henri Roger Ngote Henry Luma Namme Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Military Hospital Douala Cameroon Centre des Maladies Respiratoires Douala Cameroon

Background: Venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease burden is increasing worldwide, representing a major cause of cardiovascular death and public health problem. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most serious clinical presentation of VTE. Epidemiological and clinical data on PE are still lacking in Africa, particularly in Cameroon. This study aimed at determining the clinical features as well as imaging presentation and outcome of pulmonary embolism. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three hospitals in Douala. We retrospectively reviewed patient records admitted for PE from January 2009 to May 2017. We collected data on epidemiology, clinical presentation, venous Doppler/pulmonary computed tomographic angiography (CTA), and outcome. Results: We included 103 patients (56 males) with PE. Their median age was 52 years. The main risk factors were obesity (49.5%), hypertension (35.0%), long trip (24.3%) and cancer (18.4%). The most frequent clinical presentations were dyspnoea (83.4%), chest pain (78.6%), and cough (40.8%). Additionally, pleural effusion (32.8%), atelectasis (25.7%) and pulmonary hyperlucency (20.0%) were the most frequent findings on chest X-ray. The main abnormalities found in electrocardiogram were sinus tachycardia (63.4%), S1Q3T3 aspect (37.6%) and right axial deviation (28.7%). Moreover, right cavities dilatation (26.0%), pulmonary artery hypertension (35.0%) and pulmonary artery dilatation (21.0%) were the main echocardiographic findings. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was the initial anticoagulant in all cases. There were 19 (18.4%) in-hospital deaths, and the mean hospital stay was 8.5 ± 5 days. Conclusion: PE is not rare in our setting. Obesity, long trip and cancer are the main risk factors, while dyspnoea, chest pain and respiratory distress are the main clinical presentation for PE. LMWH remains the therapeutic agent of choice. Lastly, in-hospital mortality is very high.

关键词： Epidemiology Africa Venous Thromboembolism Symptoms

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Prevalence and Risk factors of Peripheral Artery Disease in a Group of Apparently Healthy Young Cameroonians: A Cross-Sectional Study

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2018年第2期8卷 111-122页

作者： félicité Kamdem Yacouba Njankouo Mapoure Ba Hamadou fanny Souksouna Ahmadou Musa Jingi Caroline Kenmegne f.rnando kemta lekpa Jaff fenkeu Kweban Gisèlei Mandy Jean Pierre Nda Mefo’o Henry Luma Marie Solange Doualla Internal Medicine Service Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Chemical Pathology Laboratory Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon

Background: The?burden of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is not well known among apparently healthy people in Africa. Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of PAD in a group of blood donors seen at the Douala General Hospital—Cameroon. Methods: Between 1st November 2015 and 30th April 2016, we carried out a cross-sectional study. Participants were consenting adults of both sexes, aged ≥ 21 years who presented for blood donation, and were tested HIV negative. We collected socio-demographic data and their past history. We carried out a physical examination and measured their Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). We defined PAD as an ABI Results: We recruited 103 participants, 55.4% males. The mean age was 33 ± 10 years. The mean ABI on left and right leg was 1.04 ± 0.1 and 1.02 ± 0.1respectively. ABI was higher in males than females both legs (p 0.05). PAD was seen in 11 (10.7%) participants. This was higher in females than males (3.6% versus 19.2%, p = 0.026). Among those with PAD, 8 (72.7%) were asymptomatic (Males: 100% versus females: 66%, p = 0.9). After adjusting for age and gender, sedentary lifestyle (aOR: 7.14, [95% CI: 1.38 - 33.3], p = 0.019), and female gender (aOR: 6.2, [95% CI: 1.26 - 30.5], p = 0.025) were significantly associated with PAD. Conclusion: The prevalence of PAD was high in this group of HIV negative blood donors, most of whom were asymptomatic. This was associated with females, and a sedentary lifestyle.

关键词： Peripheral Artery Disease ABI Prevalence Risk factors Douala

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The Clinical features and Outcomes of four Neonates Born to Mothers with a Severe form of COVID-19 and a Positive RT-PCR for SARS Co-V2 in Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期10卷 642-651页

作者： Dominique Enyama D. Noukeu Njinkui I. Rakya D. Djomo Tamchom R. Tiokeng Nenzeko C. Mbakop Tchogna M. C. Bissa S. R. Wekang Tcheuffa D. Kamdem A. Ngalame H. Neng D. Mwadjie Ndongo Eteme f. kemta lekpa S. R. Simeni Njonnou S. P. Choukem G. P. Ngaba E. T. Mboudou Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Douala Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon The University of Dschang Taskforce for the Elimination of COVID-19 (UNITED#COVID-19) Dschang Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon

Background: A novel viral respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for a worldwide pandemic. The effects of this new disease in pregnant women and newborns are actually not well known. Methods: We investigated the clinical features and outcomes of four neonates born to mothers with a severe form of COVID-19 and a positive RT-PCR for SARS Co-V2 in Douala Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (Cameroon) from April 20 to June 5, 2020. Results:font-family:Verdana;"> All four mothers were symptomatic and had a positive RT-PCR for SARS CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab on admission. All of them delivered prematurely through cesarean section because of severe respiratory distress and one died shortly after delivery. The four premature male infants were born between 30 weeks and 35 weeks 2 days of gestation and had birth weights ranging from 1090 g to 2950 g. All infants had 1-minute Apgar scores that ranged from 7 to 8 and 5-minute Apgar scores varying between 8 and 9. They were isolated from their mothers immediately after birth and received formula feeding. Three of the four infants were tested using nasopharyngeal swab specimens for RT-PCR 24 to 48 hours after birth and were negative for COVID-19. All the infants were treated in a dedicated area at the neonatal care unit and presented with mild respiratory distress on admission with a Silverman score that varied between 2 and 4/10. During their hospitalization, all the infants also presented with jaundice and underwent phototherapy. Three of the

关键词： COVID-19 Infected Mothers Premature Newborns Severe Respiratory Distress Outcome Cameroon

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Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i>Antibodies and Risk factors Associated with Human Brucellosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups of the Noun Division in the West Region of Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第3期9卷 105-123页

作者： Rolin Mitterran Ndefo Kamga Barberine Silatsa Assongo Eugenie Melaine kemta Magang Amadou fouapon Moussa Salihou Jules-Roger Kuiate Gustave Simo Molecular Parasitology & Entomology Unit Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Divisional Delegation of Livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries Noun Cameroon Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. for this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (P = 0.04;X2 = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;P = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;P = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;P factors that may increase the risk of Brucella infections. The detection of Brucella antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.

关键词： Brucellosis Risk factors High-Risk Occupational Groups Cameroon

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