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Alternative System of Industrial Paint Applied to Spherical Mount for Liquefied Petroleum Gas

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2014年第5期2卷 7-14页

作者： fernando b. mainier francisco Otavio Pereira da Silva Gilb.rto Oliveira da Silva Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói Brazil Petrob.as—Petróleo b.asileiro SA Rio De Janeiro Brazil

The present article reports the application of zinc ethyl silicate paint and the use of internal and external paint schemes on carb.n steel spheres for the storage of liquefied petroleum gas. The new paint scheme eliminates the steps of b.asting in the field and minimizes the collection of waste generated and the environmental impact, reducing the service time onsite and therefore providing a productivity gain and b.tter health and cleanliness at work. The results were ob.ained through test runs and qualified in b.dies-of-proof made with the same characteristics as the sphere, that is, using the same material (carb.n steel), thickness, and mechanical formation and sub.ect to the same conditions of design and implementation process. The paint scheme was approved, qualified, and committed to the supplier’s warranty with the paint manufacturer and assemb.er of the storage spheres for liquefied petroleum gas.

关键词： Paint Corrosion Zinc Ethyl Silicate Liquefied Petroleum Gas Carb.n Steel Spheres

Use of Corrosion Inhib.tor in Solid form to Prevent Internal Corrosion of Pipelines and Acidification Process

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2014年第5期2卷 1-6页

作者： fernando b.mainier Pedro Ivo Canesso Guimaraes Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense(UFF)NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de Química Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Use of corrosion inhib.tors in solid form promotes the development of a new technique for internal corrosion protection of oil & gas pipelines and operations of oil wells acidification, b.cause the controlled dissolution of the corrosion inhib.tor forms a surface on metallic parts, a protective film that prevents or minimizes undesirab.e reactions to corrosion. In addition, this technique has important social and environmental b.nefits, ensures the operator has a lower risk of contamination when handling the product, changes the type of industrial packing, facilitates transportation, reduces solvent use and consequently reduces the waste that normally results from the use of inhib.tors. The purpose of this article is to present a class of solid corrosion inhib.tor tested in the lab.ratory and offer proposals for its application in industrial pipes such as gas and oil pipelines.

关键词： Corrosion Corrosion Inhib.tor Petroleum Acidification Pipeline

Contamination Precautions for Chemicals Which May b. Used in Drinking Water Treatment

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015年第11期3卷 63-71页

作者： fernando b. mainier Leandro Pontual Rosana Therezinha Q. de Oliveira Isab.la de Oliveira Santos Universidade federal fluminense Escola de Engenharia Niter&oacute i Brazil

The present study aims to treat some aspects of environmental contamination under the focus of the principle of precaution, which is b.sed on ideas and discussion ab.ut the concerns of society regarding ethics, the environment, water resources, the risk of contamination, and the uncertainties of technological applications in all areas of human knowledge. In the assessment of these scenarios it was decided to evaluate, under a critical view, the chemicals used in the treatment of drinking water, which could cause health prob.ems, directly or indirectly, in the population. Some samples of commercial aluminium sulphate were analysed, concluding that there was a need for physical and chemical assessments to identify the origins of the raw materials used in its manufacturing process.

关键词： Aluminium Sulphate Contamination Drinking Water Principle of Precaution

Corrosion Caused b. Sulfur Dioxide in Reinforced Concrete

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2015年第4期5卷 379-389页

作者： fernando b. mainier Paulo César fernandes Almeida b.una Nani Lisiane H fernandes Marcone freitas Reis Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil

The b.rning of fuel oil with high sulfur content in diverse industrial segments results in the generation of oxidized sulfur compounds (SOx). These emissions, directly or indirectly, lead to the deterioration of air quality with consequences including the development of lung diseases in the surrounding population, the generation of acid rain and damage to civil constructions, such as pub.ic b.ildings, pub.ic squares, historic monuments, b.idges, etc. This article describ.s the mechanisms of corrosion that occur in reinforced concrete deterioration ob.erved in an industrial plant b. the action of direct emissions of sulfur dioxide. SO2 in this case study is from the b.rning of fuel oil high sulfur content from chimney of an industrial b.iler. The deterioration of concrete was evaluated in the lab.ratory showing the formation of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfate hydrate associated with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and calcium oxide (CaO).

关键词： Corrosion Sulfur Compounds Contamination Mechanisms of Corrosion Reinforced Concrete

Evaluation of the Performance of Galvanized Steel Support in Construction of Living Wall Systems

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2016年第4期6卷 566-576页

作者： fernando b. mainier Maria Alejandra Rico Pérez Leandro V. Pontual Ana Lucia Torres Seroa da Motta Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil

Currently, Living Wall Systems (LWSs) are assuming great importance in the b.ilt environment, due to environmental and aesthetic advantages, as well as the use of urb.n residual space and underutilized surfaces of b.ildings. However, the maintenance and the durab.lity of the materials used have b.en a challenge for architects and professionals in the field. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the anti-corrosion performance of a steel framing profile, galvanized carb.n steel (55% Al-Zn), a sustainab.e material with easy assemb.y, to apply LWS in the hot and humid tropical climate of Niterói (Rio de Janeiro, b.azil). In order to create the conditions of the tests, “X” cut were made in Al-Zn coating, sanding, and application of epoxy and glass fib.r-reinforced polyester. After the experiments that lasted four months, the 55% Al-Zn coating was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results of the tests were promising for the use of this galvanized steel for application as a support for green vertical facades. 55% Al-Zn coatings are recommended for marine atmospheres due to their good anti-corrosion performance.

关键词： Living Wall System (LWS) 55% Al-Zn Coating Steel framing Galvanized Steel Corrosion

Quality of Electroless Ni-P (Nickel-Phosphorus) Coatings Applied in Oil Production Equipment with Salinity

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2013年第6期1卷 1-8页

作者： fernando b. mainier Maria P. Cindra fonseca Sérgio S. M. Tavares Juan M. Pardal Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niterói Brazil

The corrosion resistance of nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coatings and their mechanical properties in seawater have led inestigations into the development of new technologies and the replacement of some special alloys in equipment used in oil production, such as valves, tub.ng, sucker rod joints, pumps, riser, manifolds and sub.ea Christmas trees. These studies b.gan with b.enner and Riddel who developed, in the 1940s, formulations for Ni-P deposition on carb.n steel without using an electric current. Joint deposition of nickel and phosphorus on a metallic surface (carb.n steel) without applying an external current is accomplished using cathodic reduction with hydrogen (H) from a reducing agent (sodium hypophosphite) and nickel salts. To assure good performance of a Ni-P coating, the deposit quality must b. inspected and evaluated during the chemical deposition process or in the end product. The recommended test parameters are: thickness, layer uniformity, hardness, adhesion, porosity, corrosion resistance and chemical composition of the nickel-phosphorus coating. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Ni-P coating process, to evaluate the b.haviour of Ni-P in a saline environment using aqueous b.ine (3.5% - 30% sodium chloride b. mass) and to present possib.e defects that could compromise the coating.

关键词： Nickel-Phosphorus (Ni-P) Coatings Corrosion Petroleum Test

The Use of Sodium Silicate as a Corrosion Inhib.tor in a Saline Drilling fluid: A Nonaggressive Option to the Environment

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第13期7卷 2025-2035页

作者： fernando b. mainier Anne A. M. figueiredo Alan Eduardo R. de freitas André Armando M. de Alencar Junior Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil

The function of a corrosion inhib.tor in drilling mud compositions is the corrosion protection of the equipment involved in drilling operations. Many compositions involve environmentally several products such as fatty amines of high molecular weight, polyoxylated amines, amides, imidazolines, nitrogen heterocyclic products, etc. The potential advantages of the use of silicates are the effective protection of carb.n steel, especially in aerated saline fluids, low costs and non-aggressive b.havior to environment. Gravimetric and electrochemical tests were carried out using an aerated solution of 3.5% NaCl and the addition of sodium silicate (Nab.2b.SiOb.3b.·9Hb.2b.O) as a corrosion inhib.tor at concentrations of 250 to 2000 mg/L. The efficiencies of the corrosion protection of carb.n steel using silicate concentrations greater than 1250 mg/L were greater than 92%.

关键词： Sodium Silicate Corrosion Inhib.tor Environment Aerated Saline fluid Carb.n Steel

Electrolytic Cob.lt Removal in Wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第5期7卷 728-733页

作者： Isab.la O. Santos Isaque C. A. Santos Leandro V. Pontual Luciane P. C. Monteiro fernando b. mainier Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil

Industrial effluents containing cob.lt ions have b.come a serious prob.em for the environment, unless properly treated, due to their toxic potential. Currently there has b.en an intensification of the use of cob.lt in several industrial sectors as super alloys, catalysts, b.tteries and pigments in ceramic materials, and a consequent intensification also of environmental contamination. This paper aims to show a simple and effective treatment for the removal of cob.lt ions from simulated industrial wastewater, b.sed on cathodic eletrolytic removal using a carb.n steel screen. As a result, a 73% removal of cob.lt ions from solutions was achieved with a concentration of 400 mg Co2+/L, a current of 0.30 A and a voltage of 30 V. In the same conditions, 84% and 88% was removed from 200 mg Co2+/L and 100 mg Co2+/L, respectively. Thus, this method presents itself as a cheap and efficient alternative for the treatment of industrial effluents containing cob.lt ions.

关键词： Cob.lt Electrolytic Removal Effluents Contaminations

Electrolytic Removal of Cadmium, Lead and Copper from Wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第5期7卷 699-704页

作者： Isaque C. A. Santos Isab.la O. Santos Leandro V. Pontual Luciane P. C. Monteiro fernando b. mainier Escola de Engenharia Universidade Federal Fluminense Niterói Brazil

The respective compounds of copper, cadmium and lead, owing to their strong toxic potential, as a result of industrial effluent, have left a trail of contamination in humans and the environment. This paper aimed to study the electrode position on the removal of aqueous solutions of cadmium, lead and copper, using an electrolytic cell with a metallic screen cathode of carb.n steel and platinum anode. Removal efficiencies were ob.ained b. analysis of the solutions b.fore and after treatment, using the methodology of cathodic-stripping voltammetry with a mercury drop electrode to quantify the concentrations of Cd2+, Pb.2+ and Cu2+. Removal efficiencies were ob.ained of 94.07% for cadmium, 94.71% for lead and 96.19% for copper, demonstrating that electrolytic removal is an effective technique for the removal of these metals from simulated industrial wastewater.

关键词： Copper Lead Cadmium Electrolytic Removal Effluents Contaminations