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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第4期12卷 521-534页

作者： f.parungo J.Rosinski M.L.C.Wu C.T.Nagamoto Air Resources Laboratory NOAA/ERL Boulder CO U.S.ANational Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO U.S.AGoddard Space Flight Center NASA Greenbelt MD U.S.AAir Resources Laboratory NOAA/ERL Boulder CO U.S.A

Under bilateral cooperation between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, a series of research cruises were conducted over the western Pacific Ocean. It was found that a) the non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles are the major source of cloud condensation nuclei, b) the population of clouds and the total albedo are proportional to the concentration of condensation nuclei and consequently to the concentration of the non-sea-salt aerosol particles, and c) the amount of rainfall is inversely proportional to the concentration of non-sea-salt sulfate aerosol particles. It seems that anthropogenic sulfate aerosol particles affect the regional planetary albedo and climate and that the contribution from biogenically derived sulfate aerosol particles is of lesser importance.

关键词： data Variation of sulfate aerosol concentrations over the western Pacific and their effect on clouds radiation and precipitation over

Geographic and temporal variations of sulfate aerosols over the Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1991年第1期10卷 47-71页

作者： f.parungo C.Nagamoto B.Kopcewicz J.Harris S.Hoyt Air Resources Laboratory NoAA/ERLBoulderColoradoU.S.A.Air Resources LaboratoryNoAA/ERLBoulderColoradoU.S.A.Air Resources LaboratoryNoAA/ERLBoulderColoradoU.S.A.Air Resources LaboratoryNoAA/ERLBoulderColoradoU.S.A.Environmental Analytical Service Inc. San Luis ObispoCaliforniaU. S. A.

To investigate the life cycle of marine sulfate aerosols, chemicophysical characteristics of marine aerosolswere measured during five cruises in the Pacific Ocean. Dimethyl sulfide concentrations in seawater and in the air were also measured. The geographic variation of sulfate-aerosol concentrations was studied in relation to biogenic and anthropogenic sources,transport with air trajectories, and chemical transformations in the atmosphere. The highest concentrations were found near Asian and American ports, indicating anthropogenic pollution is the major sulfate aerosols source. Higher concentrations were observed in the upwelling regions than in the oligotrophic areas. Along the coastal regions, both mass and number concentrations of sulfate aerosols depended on wind direction and wind speed, and land-breeze and sea-breeze oscillations; no clear diurnal variation was detected. In pelagic areas, along the equator, the concentrations of small sulfate particles showed a maximum in the afternoon and the minimum at night , indicating photo-oxidation as an important process for gas-to-particle conversion. Higher sulfate-aerosol concentrations were observed in spring than in autumn and higher concentrations were found during the La Nina anomaly than during the El Nino anomaly. Biogenic source of sulfate aerosols has an important role in the remote ocean. Case studies of sulfate-aerosol distributions are discussed.

关键词： DMS Geographic and temporal variations of sulfate aerosols over the Pacific Ocean over

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临安大气污染本底站气溶胶特征分析

大气科学 1995年第2期19卷 219-227,T001页

作者：杨东贞于晓岚李兴生王超 parungo f Nagamoto C 中国气象科学研究院国家卫星气象中心 Air Resouree Laboratory NOAA/ERL USA

本文分析和讨论了１９９１年８月上旬至１１月下旬在浙江临安大气污染本底站（属ＷＭＯ）所监测的大气气溶胶及气溶胶中元素和离子的浓度、浓度的粒径分布、富集程度、型态特征及其相互关系等物理化学特征，还讨论了天气及某些气象要素... 详细信息

本文分析和讨论了１９９１年８月上旬至１１月下旬在浙江临安大气污染本底站（属ＷＭＯ）所监测的大气气溶胶及气溶胶中元素和离子的浓度、浓度的粒径分布、富集程度、型态特征及其相互关系等物理化学特征，还讨论了天气及某些气象要素对气溶胶浓度分布特征的影响，对气溶胶的来源也作了简单探讨。

关键词：气溶胶浓度粒径分布大气污染

The　concentration　and　distribution　of　dimethyl　sulfide　in　the　marine　atmospheric　boundary　layer　near　the　equator

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1995年第3期14卷 355-369页

作者： Li Xingsheng Li Zhe f. parungo and C. Nagamoto ( Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science, State Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China)(NOAA/ERL, Air Resources Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80303, U. S. A.)

A one-dimensional photochemical model with parameterized vertical eddy diffusion is used to simulate the dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the marine atmospheric boundary layer near the equator. The boundary condition of theDMS flux over sea surface is assigned from gas exchange models that deped on sea surface wind speed and DMS concentration in surface water. Photolysis rates at various altitudes are calculated as a function of Solar zenith angle, andthe radiation calculation includes ozone absorption,surface reflection and molecular *** simulated results of the DMS diurnal cycle are in good agreement with the observations. Sensitivity tests ofthe model indicate that the concentration of the DMS in the marine surface layer appears to be affected by a combination of chemical processes and meteorological conditions. In addition, photochemical processes are rather *** reaction of the DMS with OH radical, the heterogeneous conversion of SO2 and the deposition of NSS-SO andthe methanesulfonic acid (MSA) are critical factors of controlling the DMS, SO2, NSS-SO and the MSA concentrations and distributions in the *** DMS concentration in air is directly proportional to surface windspeed, but it is inversely proportional to boundary layer height in the convective boundary layer. The distributions ofthe DMS concentrations in air are strongly influenced by atmospheric stratification in stable conditions.

关键词： Dimethyl sulfide marine atmospheric boundary layer equator

Dimethyl sulfide in the atmospheric surface layer of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1993年第1期12卷 79-91页

作者： Li Xingsheng f. parungo, C. Nagamoto and S. Hoyt Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, State Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081 , China Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA/ERL, Boulder, Colorado, U. S. A. Environmental Analytical Service, San Luis Obispo, California, U. S. A. China

This paper reports a case study of atmospheric stability effect on dimethyl sulfide(DMS) concentration in the air. Investigation includes model simulation and field measurements over the Pacific Ocean. DMS concentration in surface sea water and in the air were measured during a research cruise from Hawaii to Tahiti. The diurnal variation of air temperature over the sea surface differed from the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature because of the high heat capacity of sea water. The diurnal cycle of average DMS concentration in the air was studied in relation to the atmospheric stability parameter and surface heat flux. All these parameters had minima at noon and maxima in the early morning. The correlation coefficient of the air DMS concentration with wind speed (at 15 m high) was 0. 64. The observed concentrations of DMS in the equatorial marine surface layer and their diurnal variability agree well with model simulations. The simulated results indicate that the amplitude of the cycle and the mean concentration of DMS are dependent on the atmospheric stratifications and wind speed.

关键词： DMS Dimethyl sulfide in the atmospheric surface layer of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean

A study of the chemical composition and transport of marine aerosols over the ocean near China

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1991年第3期10卷 407-422页

作者： Zhang Ni, Zhou Mingyu, Lu Naiping, f. P. parungo, Wen Yupu, Yang Shaojing, Yang Yinan and Chen Binru National Research Center for Marine Environmental forecasts, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, ChinaNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, Boulder,CO, U.S. A.Academy of Meteorological Sciences, State Meteorological Administration, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China China

In this paper the authors cite the aerosol samples collected with a KA-200 Anderson cascade Impactor and a KB-120 sampler during the first cruise of the Kuroshio investigation operated by the People's Republic of China and Japan cooperative program, from July 23 to August 21, 1987. The concentration size distributions and composition of marine aerosols over the Kuroshio area are analyzed. Neutron activation analysis is used to determine the elemental composition of the aerosols. The authors also discuss some characteristics of marine aerosols relating to long-range transport of crustal and anthropogenic elements from the continent to the remote ocean. Analytical results indicate that elements Al, fe, Sc and Sb over this area are obviously influenced by the continent of Asia, and the size distributions are changed after long-range transport. The concentration of large particles increase. The concentrations of the elements C1 and Na are closely related to ocean conditions; the source of the elements Cl and Na is mainly the ocean. Besides coal combustion, the ocean is also a very important source for the element Se. The amount of Se is related to the distribution of marine life.

关键词： Sb A study of the chemical composition and transport of marine aerosols over the ocean near China over