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Insights f.om an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An M.Voets Tim vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of.Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of.Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University MS Center(UMSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had signif.cant consequences f.r f.nancing and executing research,resulting in a larger role f.r f.nding by governments and patient-organizations and a shif. of.research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

Photobiomodulation:a novel approach to promote trans-dif.erentiation of.adipose-derived stem cells into neuronal-like cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 598-608页

作者： Daniella Da Silva Madeleen Jansen van Rensburg Anine Crous Heidi Abrahamse Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinJohannesburgSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation,originally used red and near-inf.ared lasers,can alter cellular *** has been demonstrated that the visible spectrum at 451-540 nm does not necessarily increase cell prolif.ration,near-inf.ared light promotes adipose stem cell prolif.ration and af.ects adipose stem cell migration,which is necessary f.r the cells homing to the site of.*** this in vitro study,we explored the potential of.adipose-derived stem cells to dif.erentiate into neurons f.r f.ture translational regenerative treatments in neurodegenerative disorders and brain *** investigated the ef.ects of.various biological and chemical inducers on trans-dif.erentiation and evaluated the impact of.photobiomodulation using 825 nm near-inf.ared and 525 nm green laser light at 5 J/*** adipose-derived stem cells can be used in autologous graf.ing and photobiomodulation has been shown to have biostimulatory *** f.ndings reveal that adipose-derived stem cells can indeed trans-dif.erentiate into neuronal cells when exposed to inducers,with pre-induced cells exhibiting higher rates of.prolif.ration and trans-dif.erentiation compared with the control ***,green laser light stimulation led to notable morphological changes indicative of.enhanced trans-dif.erentiation,while near-inf.ared photobiomodulation notably increased the expression of.neuronal *** biochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,we observed marked improvements in viability,prolif.ration,membrane permeability,and mitochondrial membrane potential,as well as increased protein levels of.neuron-specif.c enolase and ciliary neurotrophic ***,our results demonstrate the ef.icacy of.photobiomodulation in enhancing the trans-dif.erentiation ability of.adipose-derived stem cells,of.ering promising prospects f.r their use in regenerative medicine f.r neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries.

关键词： dif.erentiation inducers green photobiomodulation immortalized adipose-derived stem cell near-inf.ared photobiomodulation neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis photobiomodulation trans-dif.erentiation

Multisensory mechanisms of.gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico I.Bohnen Department of.Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of.Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of.Excellence f.r Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Institute f.r Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of.Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s f.undation Research Center of.Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of.Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of.human gait and balance is one of.the most pertinent challenges f.r 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the prof.und impact that f.lls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of.central nervous *** ef.ectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of.sensory inf.rmation,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of.these multisensory signals are the principal topic of.the present *** multisensory integration theories f.cus on how f.ilure of.cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to f.lls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specif.c contributions of.individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of.somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of.vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to f.ll risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of.neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of.electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing inf.uence across multiple subdisciplines of.neuroscience,paves the way f.r novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of.older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography f.nctional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

CORROSION PROTECTION Of.Al CATHODES IN ZINC ELECTROLYSIS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1999年第3期12卷 221-228页

作者： Lu, f. van Ooij, W.J. Beijing Inst of.Aeronautical Materials Beijing China

A new pretreatment or a coating f.r Al was developed and tested to protect the Al ef.ectively f.om corrosion when it was connected to pure zinc at electroplating potential and exposed to an acidic sulf.te solution. It was f.und out that (1) Al alloy purity and electroplating potential have a large ef.ect on galvanic corrosion between Zn-Al couples; (2) BTSE silane pretreatment and polyurethane coating have better perf.rmance in corrosion protection, which are evaluated by EIS, salt spray test and immersion test f.r Al cathodes in Zinc electrolyte; (3) BTSE treatment or BTSE plus polyurethane coating has the best anti-corrosion perf.rmance and can protect the Al cathode ef.ectively in zinc electrolysis.

关键词： Aluminum Electrolysis

Ef.ect of.competing solutes on arsenic(Ⅴ) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

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Journal of.Environmental Sciences 2007年第8期19卷 910-919页

作者： Youngran Jeong f.N Maohong Johannes van Leeuwen Joshua f. Belczyk Department of.Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA. Center f.r Sustainable Environmental Technology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Bailey PVS Canonsburg PA 15317 USA

The study f.cused on the ef.ect of.several typical competing solutes on removal of.arsenic with f.2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulf.te did not have detectable ef.ects, and that selenium（Ⅳ）（Se（Ⅳ）） and vanadium（Ⅴ）（V（Ⅴ）） showed slight ef.ects on the adsorption of.As（Ⅴ） with f.2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of.As（Ⅴ） on A12O3 was not af.ected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se（Ⅳ） and V（Ⅴ） ions. Unlike the adsorption of.As（Ⅴ） with f.2O3, that with f.2O3 was af.ected by the presence of.sulf.te in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have signif.cant adverse ef.ects on the adsorption of.As（Ⅴ） adsorption with f.2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was f.und to be the most prominent solute af.ecting the As（Ⅴ） adsorption with f.2O3 and Al2O3. In general, f.2O3 has a better perf.rmance than Al2O3 in removal of.As（Ⅴ） within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.

关键词： adsorption arsenic iron oxide aluminum oxide sulf.te selenium(Ⅳ) vanadium(Ⅴ) phosphate silica

Global and Regional Surf.ce Nitrogen Balances in Intensive Agricultural Production Systems f.r the Period 1970-2030

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Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 137-155页

作者： A. f. BOUWMAN G.van DRECHT K. W. van der HOEK Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency Netherlands Environmental Assessment AgencyLaboratory for Environmental Monitoring National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentP .O. Box 13720 BA Bilthoven (The Netherlands)National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentP .O. Box 13720 BA Bilthoven (The Netherlands)National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentP. O. Box 13720 BA Bilthoven (The Netherlands)

Global nitrogen (N) budgets f.r intensive agricultural systems were compiled f.r a 0.5 by 0.5 degree resolution. These budgets include N inputs (N f.rtilizer, animal manure, biological N f.xation and atmospheric N deposition) and outputs (N removal f.om the f.eld in harvested crops and grass and grass consumption by grazing animals, ammonia volatilization,denitrif.cation and leaching). Data f.r the historical years 1970 and 1995 and a projection f.r 2030 were used to study changes in the recovery of.N and the dif.erent loss terms f.r intensive agricultural systems. The results indicate that the overall system N recovery and f.rtilizer use ef.iciency slowly increased in the industrialized countries between 1970 and 1995, the values f.r developing countries have decreased in the same period. f.r the coming three decades our results indicate a rapid increase in both the industrialized and developing countries. High values of.＞ 80% f.r f.rtilizer use ef.iciency may be related to surf.ce N balance def.cits, implying a depletion of.soil N and loss of.soil f.rtility. The projected intensif.cation in most developing countries will cause a gradual shif. f.om def.cits to surpluses in the coming *** projected f.st growth of.crop and livestock production, and intensif.cation and associated increase in f.rtilizer inputs will cause a major increase in the surf.ce N balance surplus in the coming three decades. This implies increasing losses of.N compounds to air (ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide), and groundwater and surf.ce water (nitrate).

关键词： animal manure f.rtilizer intensive agriculture nitrogen surf.ce balance

Changes in nectar supply： A possible cause of.widespread butterf.y decline

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 384-391页

作者： Michiel f. WALLISDEVRIES Chris A.M. van SWAAY Calijn L. PLATE De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterf.y Conservation EO. Box 506 6700 AM Wageningen The Netherlands Wageningen University Lab of Entomology EO. Box 8031 6700 EH Wageningen The Netherlands Statistics Netherlands （CBS） P.O. Box 24500 2490 HA The Hague The Netherlands

Recent studies have documented declining trends of.various groups of.f.ower-visiting insects, even common butterf.y species. Causes of.these declines are still unclear but the loss of.habitat quality across the wider countryside is thought to be a major f.ctor. Nectar supply constitutes one of.the main resources determining habitat quality. Yet, data on changes in nectar abundance are lacking. In this study, we provide the f.rst analysis of.changes in f.oral nectar abundance on a national scale and link these data to trends in butterf.y species richness and abundance. We used transect data f.om the Dutch Butterf.y Monitoring Scheme to compare two time periods： 1994-1995 and 2007-2008. The results show that butterf.y decline can indeed be linked to a substantial decline in overall f.ower abundance and specif.c nectar plants, such as thistles. The decline is as severe in reported f.ower generalists as in f.ower specialists. We suggest that eutrophication is a main cause of.the decline of.nectar sources [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 384-391, 2012].

关键词： Butterf.ies Eutrophication Habitat quality Land use Nectar resources Pollinators

f.rmation and Microstructural Characterization of.Silicon-modif.ed Aluminide Coating on Nickel-based Superalloy IN738LC

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 657-660页

作者： f. Shahriari f. Ashraf.zadeh A. Monshi Materials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan IranMaterials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan IranMaterials engineering department Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan Iran

In this investigation, aluminide coatings used to protect industrial components at high temperature and corrosive environments were modif.ed with silicon addition and the microstructural f.atures and f.rmation mechanism were evaluated. The coating on the nickel-based superalloy IN738LC was carried out by a two stage process including siliconizing at f.rst and aluminizing thereaf.er. Pack cementation siliconizing perf.rmed at 950C f.r 2, 4 and 6 hours in several powder mixtures of.Si, A12O3 and NHiCl, then aluminum was dif.used into the surf.ce of.the specimens by an industrial aluminizing process. The modif.ed coatings were characterized by means of.standard metallography, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray dif.raction methods. The results show that Si in the coatings mainly presents in the f.rm of.secondary phases including Cr3Si, Mo5Si3 and Nii6Ti6Si7, well distributed within the NiAl matrix. The advantages of.this two stage modif.ed coating is discussed.

关键词：显微结构 IN738LC 镍超级合金扩散渗碳处理生长机制

Closed-f.rm solutions f.r f.ee vibration of.rectangular f.M thin plates resting on elastic f.undation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1088-1103页

作者： T. f. Xu Y. f. Xing Institute of.Solid Mechanics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191 China China Academy of.Launch Vehicle Technology R&D Center Beijing 100076 China

This article presents closed-f.rm solutions f.r the f.equency analysis of.rectangular f.nctionally graded material (f.M) thin plates subjected to initially in-plane loads and with an elastic f.undation. Based on classical thin plate theory, the governing dif.erential equations are derived using Hamilton's principle. A neutral surf.ce is used to eliminate stretching-bending coupling in f.M plates on the basis of.the assumption of.constant Poisson's ratio. The resulting governing equation of.f.M thin plates has the same f.rm as homogeneous thin plates. The separation-of.variables method is adopted to obtain solutions f.r the f.ee vibration problems of.rectangular f.M thin plates with separable boundary conditions, including, f.r example, clamped plates. The obtained normal modes and f.equencies are in elegant closed f.rms, and present f.rmulations and solutions are validated by comparing present results with those in the literature and f.nite element method results obtained by the authors. A parameter study reveals the ef.ects of.the power law index n and aspect ratio a/b on f.equencies.

关键词： f.nctionally graded material f.ee vibration Rectangular plate Close f.rm solutions Neutral surf.ce