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m.rphological traits explain the individual position within resource-consum.r networks of.a Neotropical m.rsupial

Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 453-464页

作者： Nicholas f.de Cam.rgo Hernani f.m.de Oliveira Juliana f.Ribeiro Am.bilio J.A.de Cam.rgo Em.rson m.Vieira Laboratorio de Ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade de BrasiliaCP 04457BrasiliaDF70910-900Brazil Departam.nto de Zoologia Setor de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal do ParanaAvenida Coronel Francisco Heraclito dos Santos100CuritibaPR81531980Brazil Em.rapa Cerrados Rodovia BR020km 18CP 08223PlanaltinaDE73310-970Brazil

Knowledge regarding the inf.uence of.individual traits on interaction patterns in nature can help understand the topological role of.individuals within a network of.intrapopulation *** tested hypotheses on the relationships between individuals'positions within networks(specialization and centrality)of.4 populations of.the m.use opossum.Gracilinanus agilis and their traits(i.e.,body length,body condition,tail length relative to body length,sex,reproductive condition,and botf.y parasitism.and also seasonal ef.ects in the Brazilian *** with lower body length,better body condition,and relatively shorter tail were m.re specialized(i.e.,less connected within the network).Individuals were also m.re specialized and less connected during the warm.wet *** relationship between individuals'position in the network and body traits,however,was independent of.*** propose that specialization m.y arise not only as a result of.pref.rred f.ed-ing strategies by m.re capable individuals(i.e.,those with better body condition and potentially prone to def.nd and access high-quality f.od resources)but alsobecause of.m.rphological ***/younger individuals(consequently with less experience in f.raging)and short-tailed individuals(less skilled to explore the vertical strata of.the vegetation)would f.ed only on a subset of.the available f.od resources and consequently becom. m.re ***,individuals are m.re specialized during the warm.wet season because of.high com.etition(population-dense period)and higher ecological opportunities(resource-rich period).Theref.re,our study reveals the relevance of.individual traits inshaping interactionpatternsandspecialization inpopulations.

关键词： bodytraits centrality Cerrado Gracilinanus agilis seasonality specialization.

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Cooperative Target f.ncing of.m.ltiple Vehicles f.r a General Target with Connectivity Preservation and Collision Avoidance

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Journal of.System. Science & Com.lexity 2024年第1期37卷 136-151页

作者： PAN Zini CHEN Ben m Departm.nt of.m.chanical and Autom.tion Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

In this paper,the authors study the cooperative target-f.ncing problem.f.r n-dim.nsional system. and a target with a general *** using the velocity of.the vehicles,a position f.edback control law is proposed to f.nce the general target into the convex hull f.rm.d by the ***,the dynam.cs of.each vehicle is described by a double-integrator *** potential f.nctions are designed to guarantee connectivity preservation of.the com.unication network and collision avoidance am.ng the *** proposed approach can deal with a target whose trajectory is any twice continuously dif.erentiable f.nction of.*** ef.ectiveness of.the result is verif.ed by a num.rical exam.le.

关键词： m.lti-agent system. networked system. target f.ncing

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Hygrotherm.l Properties of.a Com.osite Based on Clay Soils and Diatom.te

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Open Journal of.Civil Engineering 2024年第3期14卷 363-373页

作者： Togdjim.Jonas m.lloum.Soultan m.djinguem.f. Ronelngar m.ham.t S. Abdel-Khadir Alexis m. Nanim.na m.chel Querry m.chanical Engineering Departm.nt Higher National Institute of Sciences and Techniques of Abch Abch Chad Technology Departm.nt University of NDjamena NDjamena Chad National Center f.r Developm.nt Research (CNRD) NDjamena Chad m.chanical Departm.nt National Institute Superior of Sciences Appliqued Lyon France

The purpose of.this paper is to m.ke a contribution to the use of.diatom.te as a m.neral additive in the com.osition of.com.ressed earth blocks. The aim.is to study the inf.uence of.diatom.te on the hygrotherm.l behaviour of.com.osites based on clay soils. f.r this reason, two clay soils with dif.erent physicochem.cal and m.neralogical com.ositions were incorporated with diatom.te at percentages ranging f.om.5% to 50% with a step of.5 to produce com.ressed earth blocks. Af.er assessing the hydric and therm.l characteristics of.the com.osites, it was f.und that the incorporation of.diatom.te into the clay m.trix f.vours the absorption of.water by capillary action f.r all the com.osites. The diatom.te-am.nded blocks subjected to the rain erosion test were less eroded than the unam.nded blocks. In addition, BYD com.osites were f.und to be m.re resistant than BTD com.osites, due to the high percentage of.clay in T soil. The therm.l conductivity of.the latter decreases respectively f.om.0.72 to 0.29 W/m.K f.r BTD com.osites and f.om.0.52 to 0.21 W/m.K f.r BYD com.osites. This reduction proves the therm.l insulating properties of.diatom.te. Despite the high capillary absorption capacity of.these com.osites, they have good therm.l properties, enabling them.to be used in the construction of.buildings f.r im.roved indoor therm.l com.0}rt.

关键词： Clay Soil Diatom.te Capillary Absorption Erodibility and Therm.l Conductivity

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Biochem.cal Liver f.nctions and m.lecular Identif.cation of.f.sciola hepatica f.om.Experim.ntally Inf.cted Rat m.del

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Open Journal of.Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d B. Ata m.rgarita P. Gabrashanska Hatem.A. Shalaby Tam.r H. Abd El-Aziz Noha m. f. Hassan Soad m. Nasr m.ham.d A. Helal Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Departm.nt of.Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of.Experim.ntal m.rphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Departm.nt of.Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study was perf.rm.d to evaluate the liver f.nction status as well as m.lecular characterization of.the recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally inf.cted with f. hepatica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). The f.rst group was inf.cted orally with 15 viable encysted m.tacercaria of.f. hepatica per anim.l. The other group was kept non-inf.cted (control group). At zero tim. (bef.re inf.ction), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks post-inf.ction (WPI), blood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of.retro-orbital plexus of.veins f.om.each rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total protein were m.asured, and the serum.protein prof.le was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of.the experim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total globulins signif.cantly increased while serum.total proteins and album.n m.rkedly decreased in the inf.cted group. On the 14th WPI, the data of.the electropherogram.showed that globulin f.actions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were signif.cantly increased while α2-globulin was m.rkedly decreased in the inf.cted group. The m.lecular analysis conf.rm.d the am.lif.cation of.the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of.f. hepatica recovered f.om.the inf.cted liver of.rats with am.licon sizes of.630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of.the am.lif.ed ITS gene resulted in the determ.nation of.3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of.the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession num.ers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, f.sciolosis in the rat m.del is suitable f.r routine experim.ntal inf.ctions and caused a pronounced liver dysf.nction with discharging of.the f.sciola eggs in the f.eces and the developm.nt of.adult stages in the bile ducts. f.rtherm.re, m.lecular techniques are a sensitive

关键词： f.sciola hepatica Liver f.nctions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electrophoresis m.lecular Characterization

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m.tivational and m.thodological f.ctors Involved in the Helping Behavior Test in Laboratory Rodents

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Journal of.Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第8期14卷 240-254页

作者： Gabriela f. m.rinho Jaqueline m. Wuo João Paulo Kurita Alvaro C. Lim. Regina H. Silva Pharm.cology Departm.nt Federal University of So Paulo So Paulo Brazil

Em.athy allows hum.ns and other anim.ls to share the em.tional state of.another, adopting that individual’s perspective on a given situation. This ability is f.ndam.ntal f.r species living in groups. Helping behavior in laboratory anim.ls has been used to study em.athy. In this test, subjects are exposed to a conspecif.c that is trapped and learn to open the cage to release the other anim.l. However, the interpretation of.helping behavior as an em.hatically m.tivated action is still controversial. Here we review the studies that use the helping behavioral test proposed by Ben-Am. Bartal and colleagues in 2011 to better understand m.tivational f.ctors f.r this behavior. In addition, we com.are m.thodological aspects of.these studies. In conclusion, helping behavior can be driven by em.athy, but other f.ctors such as the desire f.r social contact and learning com.onents cannot be ruled out as m.tivators. In addition, studies f.cused on evaluating neurobiological m.chanism. underlying helping behavior in laboratory rodents can help elucidate the f.ctors involved in releasing the trapped co-specif.c.

关键词： Anim.l m.dels Em.athy Prosocial Behavior Rats

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Antibacteria Activity of.Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.Leaves Extracts

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Advances in m.crobiology 2024年第2期14卷 122-136页

作者： Naif.m. Alhawiti Agnes K. Nthenge Waeel H. Alram.dhan William.Boadi Abdulrahm.n f. Alqahtani Elber-Lewis m.les CAHf. University of California Davis USA Departm.nt of.Agricultural and Environm.ntal Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of.Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of.Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Saudi f.od and Drug Authority Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The use of.antibiotics in hum.ns and anim.ls has been m.rked as a signif.cant step in health due to their ef.ectiveness in controlling and treating bacterial inf.ctions. The m.suse and overuse of.antibiotics have been identif.ed as risk f.ctors f.r bacterial resistance since m.croorganism. adapt and develop m.chanism. to def.nd against antibiotics. According to the Centers f.r Disease Protection and Control (CDC), around 23,000 individuals die every year in the United States due to antibiotic resistance com.lications. As a result, a dem.nd f.r alternative treatm.nts has been a goal f.r scientists as the m.crobes adapt to selective pressure. The aim.of.this study is to test the antibacterial activity of.leaf.extracts of.Peganum.harm.la and Haloxylon salicornicum.on both Gram.positive and Gram.negative bacteria on various m.dium.. The results of.the study showed that both P. harm.la and H. salicornicum.inhibited the bacterial growth in two dif.erent m.dia. The results were also com.ared with dif.erent com.on antibiotics used in both hum.n’s and anim.l’s f.elds and showed a prom.sing outcom. as alternative antibiotics.

关键词： Peganum.harm.la Haloxylon salicornicum Antibiotics Resistance m.dicinal Plants Gram.Positive Gram.Negative

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A review of.ethnobotanical studies reveals over 500 m.dicinal plants in m.ndanao,Philippines

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 551-564页

作者： Joeim. f.m.ñiza m.nica m.Pasco Jem.r A.Alim.on Departm.nt of.Teacher Education UM Tagum CollegeTagum City8100Davao del Norte Philippines

m.dicinal plants have long been used to treat various diseases in both indigenous and non-indigenous populations of.m.ndanao,***,we extracted data f.om.ethnobotanical studies to com.ile a com.rehensive list of.these m.dicinal plants and identif. how and f.r what purpose they are m.st com.only *** identif.ed 530 verif.ed m.dicinal plant species across 372 genera in 118 *** two m.st f.equently cited species were Euphorbia hirta and Psidium.*** m.st represented f.m.ly was f.baceae and the m.st represented genus was f.cus.A total of.28 m.dicinal plant species are designated as threatened at the national or global level;of.these,11 are endem.c to the *** plant preparations m.st com.only use leaves f.r oral adm.nistration to treat various diseases such as digestive issues,including *** study underscores the need f.r f.rther ethnobotanical investigations,particularly in areas lacking *** also em.hasizes the need f.r conservation of.threatened and endem.c m.dicinal plants to ensure sustainable utilization of.this valuable resource.

关键词： Ethnobotany m.dicinal plants m.ndanao Philippines

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The asym.totic behavior f.r a binary alloy in energy and m.terial science:The unif.ed m.thod and its applications

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Journal of.Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第4期9卷 373-378页

作者： m.Adel K.Aldwoah f.Alahm.di m.S.Osm.n Departm.nt of.m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceIslamic University of MadinahMedinaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of.m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt

The Cahn-Hilliard system.was proposed to the f.rst tim. by Chan and Hilliard in *** m.del(or system.of.equations)has intrinsic participation energy and m.terials sciences and depicts signif.cant characteristics of.two phase system. relating to the procedures of.phase separation when the tem.erature is *** instance,it can be noticed when a binary alloy(“Alum.num.Zinc”or“Iron+Chrom.um.)is cooled down *** this case,partially or totally nucleation(nucleation m.ans the appearance of.nuclides in the m.terial)is observed:the hom.geneous m.terial in the initial state gradually turns into inhom.geneous,giving rise to a very accurate dispersive ***,when the tim. scale is slower the m.crostructure becom.s *** this work,to the f.rst tim.,the unif.ed m.thod is presented to investigate som. physical interpretations f.r the solutions of.the Cahn-Hilliard system.when its coef.icients varying with tim.,and to show how phase separation of.one or two com.onents and their concentrations occurs dynam.cally in the ***,2D and 3D plots are introduced to add m.re com.rehensive study which help to understand the physical phenom.na of.this *** technique applied in this analysis is powerf.l and ef.icient,as evidenced by the com.utational work and *** technique can also solve a large num.er of.higher-order evolution equations.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard system Traveling wave solutions The unif.ed m.thod Variable coef.icients

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Carbon m.noxide as C1 Building Block in f.ne Chem.cal Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of.Chem.stry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui m.B.Carrilho m.rio J.f.Calvete Gabor m.kle Laszlo Kollar m.riette m.Pereira University of.Coim.ra Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Departm.nt of.General and Inorganic Chem.stry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupf.r Selective Chem.cal Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carbon m.noxide(CO)has becom. one of.the m.st relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks f.r chem.cal synthesis,especially in the f.ne chem.cals industry,due to the developm.nt of.ef.icient and selective catalysts f.r its *** this review,we present a com.rehensive critical analysis of.the last 10 years literature on the use of.CO as a renewable f.edstock f.r f.ne chem.cals *** review is organized by type of.catalytic reaction,nam.ly alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydrof.rm.lation,carbonylation of.aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H *** exam.les of.the synthesis of.relevant building blocks and/or known pharm.ceuticals are *** is placed on exam.les of.utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or m.re catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of.the exam.les.

关键词： Carbon m.noxide f.ne chem.cals Carbonylation Hydrof.rm.lation C-H f.nctionalization

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Converting TREx-RGB green-channel data to 557.7 nm.auroral intensity:m.thodology and initial results

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang D.m.Gillies E.Spanswick E.f.Donovan University of.Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently deployed Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red-green-blue)all-sky im.ger(ASI)is designed to capture“true color”im.ges of.the aurora and *** the 557.7 nm.green line is usually the brightest em.ssion line in visible auroras,the green channel of.a TREx-RGB cam.ra is usually dom.nated by the 557.7 nm.*** this rationale,the TREx m.ssion does not include a specif.c 557.7 nm.im.ger and is designed to use the RGB green-channel data as a proxy f.r the 557.7 nm.*** this study,we present an initial ef.ort to establish the conversion ratio or f.rm.la linking the RGB green-channel data to the absolute intensity of.557.7 nm.auroras,which is crucial f.r quantitative uses of.the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a com.arison with the collocated m.asurem.nt of.green-line auroras f.om.the TREx spectrograph,and(2)through a com.arison with the m.deled green-line intensity according to realistic electron precipitation f.ux m.asurem.nts f.om.low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid of.an auroral transport *** dem.nstrate the procedures and provide initial results f.r the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and Lucky Lake *** RGB response is f.und to be *** conversion ratios or f.rm.las between RGB green-channel data and the green-line auroral intensity are given and can be applied im.ediately by TREx-RGB data *** m.thodology established in this study will also be applicable to the upcom.ng Sm.LE ASI m.ssion,which will adopt a sim.lar RGB cam.ra system.in its deploym.nt.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport m.del

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