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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of.the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the development of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, allows in the conditions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this study. An analysis of.the Legendre polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

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Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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f.ontiers of.Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe f.Bozeman III School of.Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of.Public Policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving f.om data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and *** is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—f.om inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional ***,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to *** current perspective helps to alleviate these types of.concerns by providing substantiation f.r the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity f.amework,and provides the f.undation f.r a paradigmatic shif. toward normalizing the use of.equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML *** the integrity of.environmental data science and ML is just beginning f.om an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application *** this end,this perspective also provides relevant f.ture directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningf.l tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing f.irness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path ***,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately af.ect the well-being of.us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

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Clinical studies in COVID-related olf.ctory disorders:Review of.an institutional experience

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World Journal of.Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 129-136页

作者： Theresa Tharakan Dorina Kallogjeri Jay f.Piccirillo Department of.Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Outcomes Research OfficeSchool of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA

Objective:To share a single institutional experience with clinical research on COVID-related olf.ctory dysf.nction(OD).Data Source/Method:Narrative review of.published original data and ongoing clinical trials on COVID-related OD at Washington University f.om 2020 to ***:There were three new diagnostic-/patient-reported outcome measures developed and *** report f.ve clinical trials of.interventions f.r COVID-related olf.ctory disorders:combined Visual-Olf.ctory Training(VOLT)with patient-pref.rred scents versus standard olf.ctory training(VOLT trial),oral gabapentin versus placebo(Gabapentin f.r the Relief.of.Acquired Chemosensory Experience trial),nasal theophylline irrigations versus placebo(Smell Changes and Ef.icacy of.Nasal Theophylline trial),stellate ganglion block(single-arm),and mindf.lness-based stress reduction(MBSR)versus lif.style intervention(MBSR trial).Conclusions:Initial intervention trials f.r COVID-related OD have shown potential f.r improving subjective and objective olf.ctory ***,there remains no gold standard treatment that def.nitively outperf.rms placebo in controlled ***,continued investigation of.novel therapeutic strategies f.r COVID-related OD is necessary to maximize olf.ctory outcomes f.r af.ected patients.

关键词： chemosensory disorders COVID olf.ctory dysf.nction

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Premature axon-oligodendrocyte interaction contributes to stalling of.experimental axon regeneration af.er injury to the white matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 469-470页

作者： Ephraim f.Trakhtenberg Department of.Neuroscience University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCTUSA

Studies f.om nearly 3 decades ago suggested that,in the central nervous system(CNS),myelination of.axons by oligodendrocytes not only helps improve axonal conductivity but also stabilizes circuitry(Colello and Schwab,1994).Over the years,myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes have been f.und to contain multiple molecules that are inhibitory to axonal growth(e.g.,MAG,NogoA,OMgp,Semaphorins)(Yiu and He,2006;Silver et al.,2014).Af.er white matter injury in the adult CNS,myelin debris f.om damaged axons and dead oligodendrocytes accumulates in the f.rming glial scar and exposes these myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules to the injured axonal stumps,thereby contributing to the inhibition of.axonal *** development,CNS axons reach their postsynaptic targets and stop growing bef.re oligodendrocytes appear and myelinate them(f.ran and Peterson,1992;Dangata et al.,1996).Theref.re,myelin-associated axon growth-inhibitory molecules interacting with already grown axons during myelination were thought to block axons f.om promiscuous sprouting and miswiring,thereby stabilizing neural circuitry in the CNS(Colello and Schwab,1994).

关键词： thereby white injury

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An unexpected cellular f.untain of.youth:platelets provide f.ctors rejuvenating brain f.nctions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 16-18页

作者： Harald f.Langer Department of.Cardiology AngiologyHaemostaseology and Medical Intensive CareUniversity Medical Centre MannheimMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany German Centre f.r Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimMannheimGermany European Center f.r Angioscience Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany Cardiovascular systems biology Medical Clinic IUniversity Heart Center LübeckLübeckGermany

In a recent manuscript published in Nature,Schroer et *** that platelets and in particular platelet derived Pf.4(CXCL4)are a novel f.ctor,which can rejuvenate the mammalian neuronal system.1 These f.ndings have the potential to trigger an entire new f.eld of.research opening new platelet-derived candidate ef.ector molecules f.r supporting regeneration.

关键词： supporting platelets f.nding

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The viscous strip approach to simplif. the calculation of.the surf.ce acoustic wave generated streaming

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 711-724页

作者： f.JAZINI DORCHEH M.GHASSEMI f.el Cells and Nano Systems(f.NS)Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologyTehran 19697Iran

In recent decades,the importance of.surf.ce acoustic waves,as a biocompatible tool to integrate with microf.uidics,has been proven in various medical and biological *** numerical modeling of.acoustic streaming caused by surf.ce acoustic waves in microchannels requires the ef.ect of.viscosity to be considered in the equations which complicates the *** this paper,it is shown that the major contribution of.viscosity and the horizontal component of.actuation is concentrated in a narrow region alongside the actuation *** the inviscid equations are considerably easier to solve,a division into the viscous and inviscid domains would alleviate the computational load *** particles'traces calculated by this approximation are excellently alongside their counterparts f.om the completely viscous *** is also shown that the optimum thickness f.r the viscous strip is about 9-f.ld the acoustic boundary layer thickness f.r various f.ow patterns and amplitudes of.actuation.

关键词： surf.ce acoustic wave microf.uidics numerical simulation particle tracing acoustic streaming

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Antimicrobial,antibiof.lm,angiogenesis,anti-inf.ammatory,and wound healing activities of.zinc nanoparticles green synthesized using f.rula macrecolea extract

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Asian Pacif.c Journal of.Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第6期14卷 259-268页

作者： Sultan f.Alnomasy Department of.Medical Laboratories Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityAl-Quwayiyah 19257Saudi Arabia

Objective:To assess the antimicrobial,antibiof.lm,anti-inf.ammatory,angiogenic,and wound healing activities of.zinc nanoparticles(ZNPs)green synthesized using f.rula macrecolea ***:The green synthesis was conducted using the precipitation ***,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),and minimum biof.lm inhibition concentration 50%(MBIC50)of.ZNPs against Staphylococcus aureus(***)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(***)were *** ef.ects of.ZNPs on the gene expressions of.Staphylococcus spp.[intracellular adhesion A(icaA)and D(icaD)]and ***(rhlI and rhlR)were investigated using quantitative real-time *** addition,the ef.ects of.ZNPs on wound healing,angiogenesis,and anti-inf.ammatory markers were ***:The green-synthesized ZNPs demonstrated signif.cant antimicrobial ef.icacy against *** and *** biof.lm f.rmation in *** and *** was also inhibited by ZNPs with MBIC50 values of.3.30μg/mL and 2.08μg/mL,***,ZNPs downregulated the expression of.biof.lm-related genes icaA,icaD,rhlI,and rhlR in the tested *** also demonstrated promising in vitro wound healing ef.ects by promoting f.broblast cell prolif.ration and wound closure in a dose-dependent manner.A signif.cant increase in the expression of.HLA-G5 and VEGf.A genes as well as a marked decrease in the expression of.Nf.κB,IL-1β,and TNf.αgenes were observed in cells treated with ZNPs compared to the control group(Pf.ects against *** and *** and wound-healing ef.ects by inhibiting biof.lm f.rmation,inducing angiogenesis,and reducing ***,f.rther studies must be conducted to specif. the accurate mechanisms of.action and toxicity of.ZNPs.

关键词： Wound healing Antibacterial Angiogenesis Nanomedicine f.rula macrecolea Inf.ammation

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Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders:a dynamic duo

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2101-2102页

作者： Marit f.L.Ruitenberg Department of.Health Medical and NeuropsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands Leiden Institute f.r Brain and Cognition Leidenthe Netherlands

People with neurodegenerative disorders of.en experience problems across a variety of.f.nctional domains,including cognition,movement,and psychosocial *** classif.cation of.these disorders is based on the phenotypical manif.stations that represent the most prominent clinical *** example,Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are typically regarded as movement disorders,whereas Alzheimer's disease(AD) and other dementias are regarded as cognitive disorders.

关键词： disorders Huntington degenerative

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The Importance of.Posterior Tibial Slope in TKR: Pre and Post-Operative Measurements in United States Osteoarthritic Patients

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Open Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第8期14卷 374-379页

作者： f.ederick f. Buechel Sr f.ederick f. Buechel Jr Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Newark USA Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York USA

Background: Sagittal plane placement of.the tibial component in total knee replacement (TKR) has important implications f.r maximizing the range of.f.exion motion, allowing collateral ligaments to f.nction more normally, as well as providing ideal compressive loading on the tibial bone-prosthesis interf.ce. This study attempts to quantif. the normal posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle pre-operatively and post-operatively in osteoarthritic patients af.er using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide to assess its ef.ectiveness. Methods: f.rty-nine primary cementless total knee replacements in 34 osteoarthritic patients were measured radiographically pre-operatively and one year post-operatively to determine the PTS and its ef.ect on range of.motion. Lateral X-rays, using the anterior cortical line of.the tibia, were employed f.r all measurements. Results: Pre-operative PTS measured 11.83˚ (range 5˚ - 18˚), while post-operative PTS of.implanted tibial components measured 11.30o (range 4˚ - 18˚). The pre-operative range of.motion of.112˚ (range 30˚ to 135˚) was improved to 119˚ (range 90˚ to 135˚) post-operatively af.er 1 year. Conclusions: Anterior tibial shaf. ref.rencing using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide provides an easy and convenient method f.r reproducing the anatomical PTS during TKR. This methodology provided improvement in average range of.motion f.om 112˚ pre-operatively to 119˚ post-operatively at one year.

关键词： Posterior Tibial Slope Posterior Tibial Inclination Extramedullary Tibial Resection Guide Total Knee Alignment

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Attempts to restore loss of.f.nction in damaged ACD cells open the way to non-mutational oncogenesis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 5-6页

作者： Vladimir f.Niculescu 86420 Diedorf Germany Kirschenweg

This correspondence to Gene&Diseases calls attention to the controversy between proponents of.genetic modif.cation in carcinogenesis and supporters of.non-mutational *** f.om molecular cancer research and f.ndings f.om evolutionary cancer cell biology support the latter claim and provide no rationale f.r the mutational origin of.sporadic *** is more conceivable that the general susceptibility of.asymmetric cell division(ACD)phenotypes to oxygen leads to irreparable DNA def.cts and dysregulated def.ctive symmetric cell division(DscD)phenotypes.

关键词： rational latter f.nding

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