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Drought trend analysis in a sem.-arid area of.Iraq based on Norm.lized Dif.erence Vegetation Index, Norm.lized Dif.erence Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

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Journal of.Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 413-430页

作者： ayad m.f.AL-QURAISHI Hem.n A GAZNAYEE m.ttia CRESPI Departm.nt of.Surveying and Geom.tics Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTishk International UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Departm.nt of.f.restry College of Agricultural Engineering SciencesSalahaddin UniversityErbil 44002Iraq Geodesy and Geom.tics Division Department of CivilConstructional and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy Sapienza School f.r Advanced Studies Sapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Drought was a severe recurring phenom.non in Iraq over the past two decades due to clim.te change despite the f.ct that Iraq has been one of.the m.st water-rich countries in the m.ddle East in the *** Iraqi Kurdistan Region(IKR)is located in the north of.Iraq,which has also suf.ered f.om.extrem. *** this study,the drought severity status in Sulaim.niyah Province,one of.f.ur provinces of.the IKR,was investigated f.r the years f.om.1998 to ***,Landsat tim. series dataset,including 40 im.ges,were downloaded and used in this *** Norm.lized Dif.erence Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the Norm.lized Dif.erence Water Index(NDWI)were utilized as spectral-based drought indices and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)was em.loyed as a m.teorological-based drought index,to assess the drought severity and analyse the changes of.vegetative cover and water *** study area experienced precipitation def.ciency and severe drought in 1999,2000,2008,2009,and *** f.ndings also revealed a drop in the vegetative cover by 33.3%in the year ***,the m.st signif.cant shrinkage in water bodies was observed in the Lake Darbandikhan(LDK),which lost 40.5%of.its total surf.ce area in *** statistical analyses revealed that precipitation was signif.cantly positively correlated with the SPI and the surf.ce area of.the LDK(correlation coef.icients of.0.92 and 0.72,respectively).The relationship between SPI and NDVI-based vegetation cover was positive but not *** precipitation did not always correspond to vegetative drought;the delay of.the ef.ect of.precipitation on NDVI was one year.

关键词： clim.te change drought Norm.lized Dif.erence Vegetation Index(NDVI) Norm.lized Dif.erence Water Index(NDWI) Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) delay ef.ect

Developing an Autom.ted Land Cover Classif.er Using LiDAR and High Resolution Aerial Im.gery

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Journal of.Geoscience and Environm.nt Protection 2016年第7期4卷 97-110页

作者： Yasser m. ayad Departm.nt of.Biology and Geosciences Clarion University of Pennsylvania Clarion USA

The aim.of.this project is to create high resolution land cover classif.cation as well as tree canopy density m.ps at a regional level using high resolution spatial data. m.deling and the data m.nipulation and analysis of.LiDAR LAS point cloud dataset as well as m.ltispectral aerial photographs f.om.the National Agriculture Im.gery Program.(NAIP) were carried out. Using geoprocessing m.deling, a land cover m.p is created based on f.ltered returns f.om.LiDAR point cloud data (LAS dataset) to extract f.atures based on their class and return values, and traditional classif.cation m.thods of.high resolution m.lti-spectral aerial photographs of.the rem.ining ground cover f.r Clarion County in Pennsylvania. The newly developed m.del produced 7 classes at 10 f. × 10 f. spatial resolution, nam.ly: water bodies, structures, streets and paved surf.ces, bare ground, grassland, trees, and artif.cial surf.ces (e.g. turf.. The m.del was tested against areas with dif.erent sizes (townships and m.nicipalities) which revealed a classif.cation accuracy between 94% and 96%. A visual observation of.the results shows that som. tree-covered areas were m.sclassif.ed as built up/structures due to the nature of.the available LiDAR data, an area of.im.rovem.nt f.r f.rther studies. f.rtherm.re, a geoprocessing service was created in order to dissem.nate the results of.the land cover classif.cation as well as the tree canopy density calculation to a broader audience. The service was tested and delivered in the f.rm.of.a web application where users can select an area of.interest and the m.del produces the land cover and/or the tree canopy density results (http://***/LandCoverExtractor). The produced output can be printed as a f.nal m.p layout with the highlighted area of.interest and its corresponding legend. The interf.ce also allows the download of.the results of.an area of.interest f.r f.rther investigation and/or analysis.

关键词： Land Cover Land Cover Classif.cation LiDAR High Resolution Im.gery Hybrid Classif.cation Rem.te Sensing GIS

Theoretical optim.zation of.the characteristics of.ZnO m.tal-sem.conductor-m.tal photodetectors

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Chinese Optics Letters 2011年第10期9卷 1-5页

作者： Ghania Harzallah m.ham.d remram Lem.am.d Laboratory Department of ElectronicsUniversity of Mentouri Constantine

A two-dim.nsional m.del of.a m.tal-sem.conductor-m.tal （m.m. ZnO-based photodetector （PD） is developed. The PD is based on a drif. dif.usion m.del of.a sem.conductor that allows the calculation of.potential distribution inside the structure, the transversal and longitudinal distributions of.the electric f.eld, and the distribution of.carrier concentration. The ohm.city of.the contact has been conf.rm.d. The dark current of.m.m.PD based ZnO f.r dif.erent structural dim.nsions are likewise calculated. The calculations are com.arable with the experim.ntal results. Theref.re, the inf.uence with respect to param.ters s （f.nger spacing） and w （f.nger width） is studied, which results in the optim.zation of.these param.ters. The best optim.zation f.und to concur with the experim.ntal results is s = 16 μm. w = 16 μm. l = 250 μm. L = 350 μm. where l is the f.nger length and L is the length of.the structure. This optim.zation provides a sim.lated dark current eaual to 24.5 nA at the polarization of.3 V.

关键词： ZnO Theoretical optim.zation of.the characteristics of.ZnO m.tal-sem.conductor-m.tal photodetectors

Auto Opening Door and Car Identif.cation

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Journal of.Com.uter and Com.unications 2016年第15期4卷 132-141页

作者： Sanner H. m.hm.od Oulla G. Hassan ayad m. Kwad Saf. f. Abass Departm.nt of.Networks Engineering Al-Iraqia University Baghdad Iraq

Design an Autom.tic Door System.using a unique wireless ID by using inf.ared ray or Bluetooth technology. That consists of.a sensing unit, control unit and drive unit to open and close doors at the entrance of.a car that has the unique ID. This process is controlled by using Arduino Leonard program.ed with IDE f.ee open source sof.ware, that receives the signal code f.om.the car which sends the ID through IR LED or Bluetooth by using a m.bile application, decode it. And switch ON the driver that controls the DC m.tor. This system.was designed considering som. f.ctors such as low cost and low power requirem.nts, availability of.com.onents and low distance so there is no interf.rence. The hardware design and sof.ware developm.nt are described, and all of.the tests indicate that all com.onent goes according to the initial design of.this research.

关键词： Autom.tic Auto Opening Car Door Identif.cation Security

Evaluation of.the perf.rm.nce of.dem.nd control ventilation system.f.r school buildings located in the hot clim.te of.Saudi Arabia

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Building Sim.lation 2022年第6期15卷 1067-1082页

作者： Alaa Alaidroos ayad Alm.im.ni m.ncef.Krarti Am.ar Dahlan Rahif.m.ddah Architectural Engineering Departm.nt King Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia f.culty of.Architecture and Planning King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Building System. Program University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA

The advantages of.the dem.nd control ventilation system.DCV)have been widely discussed in previous research ***,the literature has not addressed the benef.ts of.DCV on controlling indoor CO_(2)concentration and m.nim.zing cooling energy consum.tion f.r school buildings located in extrem.ly hot ***,this paper contributes to the developm.nt of.DCV and m.chanical ventilation system. through a com.rehensive evaluation of.these system. to m.intain acceptable indoor air quality(IAQ)while m.nim.zing cooling energy dem.nds f.r school buildings located in the harsh hot clim.te of.Saudi *** evaluation is based on a calibrated whole-building energy m.del and validated IAQ predictions using f.eld data obtained f.om.a school case study in *** results of.this research study conf.rm.that hourly and sub-hourly m.nitoring of.indoor CO_(2)concentration is required to ensure optim.l design and operation of.the ventilation system. in *** addition,the analyses indicate that a 13%increase in cooling energy end-use can result f.r any additional 0.1 students/m.(2)density increase in the ***,the energy penalties related to ventilation needs can be reduced by up to 25%using DCV instead of.conventional m.chanical ventilation system. f.r school buildings located in Saudi Arabia’s hot clim.te.

关键词： m.chanical ventilation dem.nd control ventilation(DCV) indoor air quality(IAQ) CO_(2)concentration energy ef.iciency school buildings

Internal f.iction behavior of.Zr_(59)f._(18)Al_(10)Ni_(10)Nb_(3)m.tallic glass under dif.erent aging tem.eratures

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第2期30卷 426-430页

作者： Israa f.isal Ghazi Israa m.f.en Hashim.Aravindhan Surendar Nalbiy Salikhovich Tuguz Aseel m.ljeboree ayad f.lkaim.Nisith Geetha Departm.nt of.m.terials Engineering Engineering CollegeUniversity of Al-QadisiyahQadisiyyahIraq Nursing College University of Al-QadisiyahQadisiyyahIraq Departm.nt of.Pharm.cology Saveetha Dental College and HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia Departm.nt of.Higher m.them.tics Kuban State Agrarian UniversityKrasnodarRussian Federation College of.Sciences f.r Wom.n University of BabylonBabylonIraq Departm.nt of.Electrical and Electronics Engineering Sengunthar College of EngineeringTiruchengodeIndia

We investigate the role of.aging tem.erature on relaxation of.internal f.iction in Zr_(59)f._(18)Al_(10)Ni_(10)Nb_(3)m.tallic *** this purpose,dynam.c m.chanical analysis with dif.erent annealing tem.eratures and f.equency values is *** results indicate that the aging process leads to decrease in the dissipated energy in the tem.erature range of.glass *** is also f.und that the increase in applied f.equency weakens the loss f.ctor intensity in the m.tallic ***,the Kohlrausch-William.-Watts(KWW)equation is used to evaluate the evolution of.internal f.iction during the aging *** to the results,higher annealing tem.erature will m.ke the prim.ry internal f.iction in the m.terial increase;however,a sharp decline is observed with the *** drop in characteristic tim. of.internal f.iction is also closely correlated to the rate of.atom.c rearrangem.nt under the dynam.c excitation so that at higher annealing tem.eratures,the driving f.rce f.r the collaborative m.vem.nt of.atom. is easily provided and the m.an relaxation tim. signif.cantly decreases.

关键词： m.tallic glass internal f.iction relaxation dynam.c analysis

Num.rical Investigation Therm.l Perf.rm.nce of.Solar Air Heater Using Dif.erent Angle V-Grooved of.Corrugated Absorber Plate

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f.ontiers in Heat and m.ss Transf.r 2023年第1期21卷 227-243页

作者： ayad S.Abedalh Sohaib Hassan m.ham.ed Engineering Technical College of.m.sul Northern Technical UniversityMosul41001Iraq

Solar energy,a renewable resource,can be harnessed instead of.f.ssil f.els to generate power and *** ef.ective m.thod f.r converting solar energy into heat is through a solar air heating(SAH)*** theoretical investigation f.cused on the therm.l perf.rm.nce of.various V-groove angles on a corrugated absorber *** researchers m.intained the exterior dim.nsions and constraints of.the absorber plate while increasing its surf.ce area by using a corrugated absorber *** the sim.lation,three dif.erent V-groove angles were em.loyed:45°,30°,and 15°.The tem.erature and air f.ow rate into the system.had been set at 30℃ and 0.15 m.s,respectively f.ur various solar radiation intensities have been exam.ned f.r each of.the *** governing equations associated with the standard design,including the turbulent kinetic energy(k)and dissipation rates m.del(ε),were solved using the ANSYS 2020 R2 *** results indicated that Utilizing corrugated absorber plates resulted in a rise in the Nusselt num.er.,surpassing the perf.rm.nce of.f.at plate *** the dif.erent conf.gurations,the V-grooved 45°plate dem.nstrated the best results under the sam. ***,it was observed that the ef.iciency values im.roved with increasing solar *** investigation also showed that the em.loying of.V-grooved 45°,V-grooved 30°,and V-grooved 15°absorbers led to ef.iciency im.rovem.nts of.about 20.8%,26.3%,and 36.14%,respectively,when com.ared to a f.at plate at a solar irradiation of.900 W/m..

关键词： V-grooved dif.erent angles absorber plate Nusselt num.er

Pharm.cokinetics and Ef.icacy of.Tilm.cosin in the Treatm.nt of.<i>Pasteurella haem.lytica</i>Bronchopneum.nia in Calves

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2014年第5期5卷 514-523页

作者： Ahm.d m. Solim.n Am.r Ram.dan Ali ayad Departm.nt of.Pharm.cology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt

Tilm.cosin was adm.nistered intravenously and subcutaneously at a dose rate of.10 m./kg bwt to determ.ne its concentration in blood and bronchial secretion as well as its kinetic behavior in healthy and Pasteurella haem.lytica type A1-inf.cted calves. Sever acute bronchopneum.nia was induced in 10 calves by inoculating them.intra-tracheally with P. haem.lytica type A1. The calves were treated with tilm.cosin;5 of.these received the drug intravenously and the other 5 were injected subcutaneously. Af.er a slow intravenous injection, the serum.concentration-tim. curve indicated a two com.artm.nt open m.del with a m.an elim.nation half.lives (t1/2bs) of.22.09 and 22.14 hours bef.re and af.er inf.ction, respectively. The m.an residence tim. (m.T) corrected f.r a bolus injection was 2.25 and 2.20 hours and the m.an m.Tinf.was 25.27 and 25.46 hours in healthy and P. haem.lytica-inf.cted calves, respectively. Af.er subcutaneous injection, the drug was elim.nated m.re slowly (bef.re and af.er inf.ction) f.om.serum.and bronchial secretions, with t1/2bs of.(24.60 and 25.85 hours) and (33.74 and 31.78 hours), respectively. The apparent volum. of.distribution (Vd(area)) of.tilm.cosin was m.re than 1 litre·kg-1. The peak serum.and bronchial secretions of.tilm.cosin concentration were (1.33 and 1.36 m.·m.-1) and (1.40 and 1.70 m.·m.-1) attained at (7.21 and 7.15 hours) and 7.11 and 7.10 hours) af.er subcutaneous injection, respectively. Tilm.cosin was good secreted into bronchial secretions having AUCbronchial secretion/ AUCserum.ratio of.approxim.tely 1:1.24 and 1:1.22 in healthy and P. haem.lytica-

关键词： Tilm.cosin Disposition Kinetics Calves Healthy Diseased Bronchial Secretion

Role of.AXL in invasion and drug resistance of.colon and breast cancer cells and its association with p53 alterations

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2017年第19期23卷 3440-3448页

作者： Wael m.Abdel-Rahm.n Noura A Al-khayyal Vidhya A Nair S R Aravind m.ha Saber-ayad Departm.nt of.m.dical Laboratory Sciences College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sharjah College of.m.dicine and Sharjah Institute f.r m.dical Research University of Sharjah Environm.nt and Cancer Research Group Sharjah Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Sharjah Departm.nt of.Basic m.dical Sciences College of Medicineand Sharjah Institute for medical ResearchUniversity of SharjahSharjah Cairo University

To characterize AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) expression in relationship to tum.r protein P53 (TP53 gene, p53 protein) and its role in tum.r invasion and response to *** used 14 cell lines, including 3 isogenic pairs carrying m.tant/knockout p53, to gain insight into the relationship between AXL and TP53. These included HCT116, HCT116.p53 m.tant, RKO, and RKO.p53-/- lines (all f.om.colon cancers) as well as breast cancer cell lines m.f. and 1001 (m.f.-p53 m.tant clone). HeLa cell line was used as a positive control f.r epithelial to m.senchym.l transition (Em.). AXL expression was determ.ned by Western blotting using rabbit m.noclonal antibody clone C89E7. AXL siRNA silencing was perf.rm.d and f.llowed by collagen invasion assay. Cell viability analysis using the sulf.rhodam.ne B assay and the invasion assay were perf.rm.d af.er exposure to chem.therapeutic agents (doxorubicin f.r breast cancer cells; 5f. or irinotecan f.r colon cancer cells).RESULTSWe showed that the introduction of.p53 m.tations or knockout increased expression levels of.AXL in isogenic cells com.ared to the m.tching p53 wild-type parental cells. Overall, we f.und a trend f.r correlation between the potential Em. candidate AXL, p53 alterations, and Em. m.rkers in colorectal and breast cancers. The expression of.AXL in RKO cells, a rare colon cancer cell line with inactive Wnt signaling, suggests that the AXL oncogene m.ght provide an alternative genetic pathway f.r colorectal carcinogenesis in the absence of.Wnt signaling activation and TP53 m.tation. AXL silencing in the TP53 m.tant isogenic cell lines 1001, HCT116.p53 m.tant and RKO.P53-/- was > 95% ef.icient and the silenced cells were less invasive com.ared to the parental TP53 wild-type cells. AXL silencing showed a subtle trend to restore colon cancer cell sensitivity to 5f. or irinotecan. Im.ortantly, AXL expressing cells developed m.re invasive potential af.er exposure to chem.therapy com.ared to th

关键词： AXL Breast cancer Chem.therapy Colon cancer Invasion