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Flight Behavioural Responses for African Ungulates across Species and Vegetation Covers in a Trophy Hunting Ecosystem: A Case Study from Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第8期13卷 525-535页

作者： ezra peter mremi Felister Michael Mombo Michael Muganda Peadar Brehony Michael Honorati Kimaro Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Forest and Environmental Economics Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania GELIFES Institute University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

Trophy hunting has severe consequences on wild animals’ behaviors, which in return has implications for affecting wildlife populations. The Selous Game Reserve is a protected area in Tanzania that has been subjected to commercial trophy hunting for decades, and information about the effects of trophy hunting on animals’ welfare is still scarce. The Flight Initiating Distance (FID) can be a good measure to evaluate the welfare of animals and the level of risk perception towards anthropogenic disturbances, including trophy hunting. The study used linear mixed models to assess the flight responses of twelve commonly hunted species in the Selous game reserve (S.G.R.). The study compared animal vigilance between species, vegetation types, and group size. The FID varied between species, with which more vigilance was observed in zebras, elands, wildebeests, and sable antelopes. The study found a significant influence of vegetation cover on individual species’ FID. Further, the study found a significant influence of group size on animals’ vigilance (L. M. M., 95% CI = 0.590 - 4.762), in which there was a decrease in FID with an increase in group size for wildebeests. At the same time, other species, such as buffaloes, eland, hartebeests, and zebras, had their FIDs increasing with the increase in group size. We conclude that the impact of trophy hunting on savannah ungulates varies between species, vegetation covers, and group size of individual species. Regulatory authorities should consider minimum approach distances by trophy hunters in different vegetation cover to reduce animal biological disturbances.

关键词： Trophy Hunting Animal Behavior Flight Initiating Distance Vegetation Types Wildlife Species

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Integrative and Comparative Genomic Analysis of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Integrative and Comparative Genomic Analysis of HPV-Positive...

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中国生物工程学会第六次全国会员代表大会暨第九届学术年会

作者： Tanguy Y.Seiwert Zhixiang Zuo Michaela K.Keck Arun Khattri Chandra S.Pedamallu Thomas Stricker Christopher Brown Trevor J.Pugh Petar Stojanov Juok Cho Michael S.Lawrence Gad Getz Johannes Br?gelmann Rebecca DeBoer Ralph R.Weichselbaum Alexander Langerman Louis Portugal Elizabeth Blair Kerstin Stenson Mark W.Lingen ezra E.W.Cohen Everett E.Vokes Kevin P.White peter S.Hammerman Section of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineThe University of Chicago The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology University of Chicago Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of Medical Oncology Dana Farber Cancer Institute Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Chicago Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery The University of Chicago Department of Pathology University of Chicago

Purpose:The genetic differences between human papilloma virus(HPV)–positive and –negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSCC) remain largely *** identify differential biology and novel therapeutic targets for both entities,we determined mutations and copy-number aberrations in a large cohort of locoregionally advanced *** Design:We performed massively parallel sequencing of 617 cancer-associated genes in 120 matched tumor/normal samples(42.5% HPV-positive).Mutations and copy-number aberrations were determined and results validated with a secondary ***:The overall mutational burden in HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC was similar with an average of 15.2 versus14.4 somatic exonic mutations in the targeted cancer-associated ***-negative tumors showed a mutational spectrum concordant with published lung squamous cell carcinoma analyses with enrichment for mutations in TP53,CDKN2 A,MLL2,CUL3,NSD1,PIK3 CA,and NOTCH ***-positive tumors showed unique mutations in DDX3 X,FGFR2/3 and aberrations in PIK3 CA,KRAS,MLL2/3,and NOTCH1 were enriched in HPVpositive *** targetable genomic alterations were identified in FGFR1,DDR2,EGFR,FGFR2/3,EPHA2,and PIK3 ***,CCND1,and FGFR1 amplifications occurred in HPV-negative tumors,whereas 17.6% of HPV-positive tumors harbored mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor genes(FGFR2/3),including six recurrent FGFR3 S249 C ***-positive tumors showed a 5.8% incidence of KRAS mutations,and DNArepair gene aberrations,including 7.8% BRCA1/2 mutations,were ***:The mutational makeup of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC differs significantly,including targetable *** harbors multiple therapeutically important genetic aberrations,including frequent aberrations in the FGFR and PI3K pathway genes.

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