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Trade-offs and synergies of climate change adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa:A systematic review

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第2期2卷 130-143页

作者： Devinia Princess Akinyi Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’ evan Hartunian Girvetz Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton UniversityNjoro536-20107Kenya International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Kampala6247Uganda International Centre for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Nairobi823-00621Kenya

Climate change adaptation strategies provide a cushion for smallholder farmers,especially in subSaharan Africa against the risks posed by climate hazards such as droughts and ***,the decision-making process in climate adaptation is *** better understand the dynamics of the process,we strive to answer this question:what are the potential trade-offs and synergies related to decision-making and implementation of climate adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa region?A systematic literature review methodology was used through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA)statement with the four-stage inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the literature from selected databases(Scopus and Google Scholar).The climate adaptation strategies are organized into five broad categories(crop management,risk management,soil/land management,water management,and livestock management strategies).Evidence suggests that potential trade-offs may arise concerning added costs,additional labor requirements,and competition among objectives or available *** synergies,on the other hand,arise from implementing two or more adaptation strategies concurrently in respect of increased productivity,resilience,yield stability,sustainability,and environmental ***-offs and synergies may also differ among the various adaptation strategies with minimum/zero tillage,comparatively,presenting more *** development and promotion of low-cost adaptation strategies and complementary climate adaptation options that minimize the trade-offs and maximize the synergies are *** and knowledge on proper implementation of climate change adaptation strategies are encouraged,especially at the local farm level.

关键词： Climate change Adaptation strategy Trade-offs Synergies Sub-Saharan Africa

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-lormone levels following surgical and medical castration： defining optimal androgen suppression

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Asian journal of Andrology 2018年第4期20卷 405-406页

作者： Michael T Schweizer Michael L Hancock Robert H Getzenberg evan Y Yu Division of Oncology Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA 98116 USA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA 98116 USA Veru Healthcare Miami FL 33137 USA

Dear Editor, In the 1940s, Charles Huggins discovered that surgical castration produced remarkable palliative benefits for men with advanced prostate cancer, an effect we now understand to be mediated through deprivi... 详细信息

关键词： FREE TESTOSTERONE DEPRIVATION THERAPY PROSTATE-CANCER ADRENAL-GLANDS MEN

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Diabetes Mellitus Predicts Occurrence of Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Cancer in Alcoholic Liver and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第1期3卷 9-16页

作者： evan j.Raff Donny Kakati joseph R.Bloomer Mohamed Shoreibah Khalid Rasheed Ashwani K.Singal Department of Internal Medicine UAB Birmingham AL USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UAB BirminghamAL USA Department of Internal Medicine UAB Montgomery Program Huntsville AL USA

Background and Aims:Alcohol abuse and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common causes of liver *** mellitus (DM) is a common comorbidity among NAFLD *** performed this study with the specific aim to examine the impact of DM on progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) liver and ***:Medical charts of 480 patients with ALD or NAFLD (2004-2011) managed at a tertiary center were retrospectively *** was diagnosed based on exclusion of other causes of liver disease and alcohol use of 40 g/d in women or >60 g/d in men for >***:Of 480 patients (307 NAFLD),200 diabetics differed from nondiabetics for:age (52±11 vs.49±11 years;p=0.004);male gender (48% vs.57%;p=0.03);metabolic syndrome (49% vs.30%;p=0.0002);NAFLD (80% vs.56%;p<0.0001);cirrhosis (70% vs.59%;p=0.005);and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC;8% vs.3%;p=0.009).Over a 3 year median follow-up period,diabetics relative to nondiabetics had a higher probability to develop cirrhosis (60% vs.41%;p=0.022) and HCC (27% vs.10%;p=0.045).There was a trend for increased development of hepatic encephalopathy in diabetics compared to nondiabetics (55% vs.39%;p=0.053),and there was no difference between the two groups in survival or other liver disease ***:DM increased risk for cirrhosis and HCC among patients with ALD and *** studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to examine the impact of DM on survival and the role of aggressive HCC screening in diabetic cirrhotics.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Alcoholic cirrhosis

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接受大脑扫描了吗?

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科技纵览 2022年第12期 46-52页

作者： evan Ackerman Eliza Strickland 不详

做好神经技术即将进入工作场所的准备吧!神经传感器现在性能已足够可靠,价格也足够实惠,足以支持商业试点项目,用于从员工的大脑中提取可提高生产力的数据。这些项目并不局限于专门的工作场所.

关键词：提高生产力试点项目大脑扫描传感器神经场所

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外来入侵物种在青藏高原的入侵性和生态影响不一致

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journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第6期16卷 197-207页

作者： Shuping Guan Pengdong Chen Xingle Qu Xiaolan Wang Shuopeng Wang Haiying Li jiangping Fang Yi Wang jiarui Chen Wei Huang evan Siemann School of Ecology and Environment Tibet UniversityLhasa 850000China CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biosciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Key Laboratory of Alpine Vegetation Ecological Security Institute of Tibet Plateau EcologyTibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchi 860000China Resource and Environment College Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry UniversityNyingchi 86000China School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China

在全球变化背景下,管控入侵物种是一项具有挑战性的工作。这主要由于从入侵物种的入侵性推断它们的生态危害存在很大的不确定性。更确切地说,入侵性和生态危害的关系可能依赖于所研究的生态系统,同时这种关系还没有在像青藏高原这样独... 详细信息

在全球变化背景下,管控入侵物种是一项具有挑战性的工作。这主要由于从入侵物种的入侵性推断它们的生态危害存在很大的不确定性。更确切地说,入侵性和生态危害的关系可能依赖于所研究的生态系统,同时这种关系还没有在像青藏高原这样独特的高寒生态系统中被研究过。在这项研究中,我们在青藏高原东南部的一个样带上调查了32种入侵植物。我们将这些入侵物种的生态危害分解为分布范围(R)、局部丰度(A)和个体对本地植物群落的影响(E)3个组分,并研究了植物性状对这些组分的相对贡献。研究结果表明,入侵植物的入侵性(R×A)和其所产生的危害(R×A×E)没有相关性。这表明这些入侵植物的入侵性不能反映它们对本地群落生态危害的严重性。在青藏高原,R和A共同驱动了入侵性,而R单独驱动了生态危害。植物性状并没有通过这3个组分驱动入侵性和生态危害,只有果实类型(主要是浆果)影响了E。我们的结果表明,驱动入侵性和生态危害的组分的不匹配导致了入侵植物的入侵性不能反映它们的生态危害。因此,关于入侵物种的管控应该优先考虑那些分布广泛的物种或者已经被证实会对本地物种产生负面影响的物种。

关键词：生物入侵生物地理学生态影响入侵性入侵管理人均效应青藏高原

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Climate and land-use interactively shape butterfly diversity in tropical rainforest and savanna ecosystems of southwestern China

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1109-1120页

作者： Bai-Ge Miao Yan-Qiong Peng Da-Rong Yang Yasuhiro Kubota evan P.Economo Cong Liu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina Faculty of Science University of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityOnna-sonOkinawaJapan Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Museum of Comparative ZoologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUnited States

Human-induced habitat conversion and degradation,along with accelerating climatic change,have resulted in considerable global biodiversity ***,how local ecological assemblages respond to the interplay between climate and land-use change remains poorly ***,we examined the effects of climate and land-use interactions on butterfly diversity in different ecosystems of southwestern ***,we investigated variation in the alpha and beta diversities of butterflies in different landscapes along human-modified and climate *** found that increasing land-use intensity not only caused a dramatic decrease in butterfly alpha diversity but also significantly simplified butterfly species composition in tropical rainforest and savanna *** findings suggest that habitat modification by agricultural activities increases the importance of deterministic processes and leads to biotic *** land-use intensity model best explained species richness variation in the tropical rainforest,whereas the climate and land-use intensity interaction model best explained species richness variation in the *** results indicate that climate modulates the effects of land-use intensity on butterfly alpha diversity in the savanna *** also found that the response of species composition to climate varied between sites:specifically,species composition was strongly correlated with climatic distance in the tropical rainforest but not in the *** together,our long-term butterfly monitoring data reveal that interactions between human-modified habitat change and climate change have shaped butterfly diversity in tropical rainforest and *** findings also have important implications for biodiversity conservation under the current era of rapid human-induced habitat loss and climate change.

关键词： butterfly diversity climate change conservation habitat conversion savanna tropical rainforest

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Glycaemic monitoring and control among high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes in Australian general practice during COVID-19

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第3期11卷 62-85页

作者： Kirrilee jane Barlow Paul P Fahey evan Atlantis School of Health Sciences Western Sydney UniversityKingswoodNew South WalesAustralia Discipline of Medicine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyNepeanNew South WalesAustralia

Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted general practice worldwide,primarily due to public health measures that restricted access to care for chronic diseases,such as type 2 *** measures disproportionately affected higher risk groups with type 2 diabetes,such as older people and those with *** study aims to identify factors that may have influenced the rates of compliance with testing guidelines and target glycaemic control in Australian general practice settings during the COVID-19 *** We used a serial cross-sectional study design of patient record data from general practices representative of the Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District between 2020 and *** patient records were analysed to determine percentages of subgroups with a blood glycaemic testing interval consistent with guidelines(≥1 within 15 months)and achieving target glycaemic control(by glycated haemoglobin of≤7%).Linear regression models were used to test the association between independent and dependent variables,and to generate regression coefficients and 95%CI,corrected for time *** Of the average 14356 patient records per month,55%were male,53%had a body mass index(BMI)<30 and 55%were aged 55–74 *** to testing guidelines slightly decreased(75–73%)but was positively associated with male sex(2.5%,95%CI 1.7%,3.4%),BMI≥30(9.6%,95%CI 8.8%,10.4%)and 55–74 years(7.5%,95%CI 6.6%,8.5%)and 75 years and over age groups(7.1%,95%CI 6.2%,7.9%).Mean percentage of patient records achieving target glycaemic control slightly increased and was negatively associated with male sex(-3.7%,95%CI-5.2%,–2.2%),but positively associated with 55–74 years(4.5%,95%CI 3.8%,5.1%)and 75 years and over age groups(12.2%,95%CI 4.5%,20.0%).Compliance to testing guidelines increased with each additional general practice per 10000 persons(8.4%,95%CI 4.9%,11.8%).Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic,people with type 2 diabetes in Australia continued to follow

关键词： patients testing slightly

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Risk of COVID-19 variant importation-How useful are travel control measures?

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 875-897页

作者： julien Arino Pierre-Yves Boëlle evan Milliken Stephanie Portet Department of Mathematics&Data Science Nexus University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada Sorbonne Universite Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique(IPLESP)France Department of Mathematics University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

We consider models for the importation of a new variant COVID-19 strain in a location already seeing propagation of a resident *** distinguishing contaminations generated by imported cases from those originating in the community,we are able to evaluate the contribution of importations to the dynamics of the disease in a *** find that after an initial seeding,the role of importations becomes marginal compared to that of community-based *** also evaluate the role of two travel control measures,quarantine and travel *** conclude that quarantine is an efficacious way of lowering importation rates,while travel interruptions have the potential to delay the consequences of importations but need to be applied within a very tight time window following the initial emergence of the variant.

关键词： COVID-19 Variants Importation risk

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Hospital teaching status on the outcomes of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States

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World journal of Hepatology 2020年第6期12卷 288-297页

作者： Pavan Patel Laura Rotundo evan Orosz Faiz Afridi Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07101-1709United States Department of Medicine Rutgers-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07101-1709United States

BACKGROUND Acute variceal bleeding is a major complication of portal hypertension and is a leading cause of death in patients with *** is limited data on the outcomes of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding in teaching versus nonteaching *** esophageal variceal bleeding requires complex management,it may be hypothesized that teaching hospitals have lower *** To assess the differences in mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS)and cost of admission for patients admitted for variceal bleed in teaching versus nonteaching hospitals across the *** The National Inpatient Sample is the largest all-payer inpatient database consisting of approximately 20%of all inpatient admissions to nonfederal hospitals in the United *** collected data from the years 2008 to *** of variceal bleeding were identified using the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Edition,Clinical Modification *** in mortality,LOS and cost were evaluated for patients with esophageal variceal bleed between teaching and nonteaching hospitals and adjusted for patient characteristics and *** Between 2008 and 2014,there were 58362 cases of esophageal variceal bleeding *** with teaching hospitals,mortality was lower in nonteaching hospitals(8.0%vs 5.3%,Pjusting for baseline patient demographics and comorbid conditions the mortality,LOS and cost in teaching hospitals remained *** In patient

关键词： Variceal bleeding Teaching hospital Mortality National Inpatient Sample Length of stay Bleeding Cirrhosis

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Wnt3a:functions and implications in cancer

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2015年第12期34卷 554-562页

作者： Sha He Yi Lu Xia Liu Xin Huang evan T.Keller Chao-Nan Qian jian Zhang Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-related Diseases Ministry of Education Center for Translational Medicine Guangxi Medical University Department of Urology and Pathology School of MedicineUniversity of Michigan Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine

Wnt3a,one of Wnt family members,plays key roles in regulating pleiotropic cellular functions,including self-renewal,proliferation,differentiation,and *** evidence has suggested that Wnt3 a promotes or suppresses tumor progression via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway depending on cancer *** addition,the roles of Wnt3 a signaling can be inhibited by multiple proteins or ***,we summarize the latest findings on Wnt3 a as an important therapeutic target in cancer.

关键词： Wnt3a,The Wnt signaling pathway, Cancer

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