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Antipredatory reaction of the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius to snake predators

Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 439-450页

作者： eva LANDOVA Veronika MuslLovA Jakub POLAK Kristyna SEDLACKOVA Daniel FRYNTA Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinicna 7 128 44 Prague Czech Republic National Institute of Mental Health Topolova 748 250 67 Klecany Czech Republic

Ability to recognize a risk of predation and react with adaptive antipredatory behavior can enhance fitness, but has some costs as well. Animals can either specifically react on the most dangerous predators （threat-sensitive avoidance） or they have safe but costly general wariness avoiding all potential predators. The level of threat may depend on the predator＇s foraging ecology and distri- bution with the prey with sympatric and specialist species being the most dangerous. We used 2 choice trials to investigate antipredatory behavior of captive born and wild-caught leopard geckos confronted with different snake predators from 2 families （Colubridae, Boidae） varying in foraging ecology and sympatric/allopatric distribution with the geckos. Predator-na＇ive subadult individuals have general wariness, explore both chemically and visually, and perform antipredatory postures toward a majority of snake predators regardless of their sympatry/allopatry or food specialization. The most exaggerated antipredatory postures in both subadult and adult geckos were toward 2 sympatric snake species, the spotted whip snake Hemorrhois ravergieri, an active forager, and the red sand boa Eryxjohnii, a subterranean snake with a sit-and-wait strategy. In contrast, also subter- ranean but allopatric the Kenyan sand boa Eryx colubrinus did not elicit any antipredatory reaction. We conclude that the leopard gecko possesses an innate general antipredatory reaction to different species of snake predators, while a specific reaction to 2 particular sympatric species can be observed. Moreover, adult wild caught geckos show lower reactivity compared with the captive born ones, presumably due to an experience of a real predation event that can hardly be simulated under laboratory conditions.

关键词： allopatric antipredation lizard posture sympatric 2 choice trial.

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Effect of repeated spring drought and summer heavy rain on managed grassland biomass production and CO_(2) efflux

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 476-485页

作者： eva Darenova Petr Holub Lenka Krupkova Marian Pavelka Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of SciencesBelidla 4aCZ-60300 BrnoCzech Republic

Aims Ecosystem respiration represents an important component of the carbon *** response of respiration to climate change can have a significant effect on carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems in the future when,according to climate scenarios,spring drought and consequent summer heavy rains are *** of our study were to determine the effect of repeated spring drought on biomass production and CO_(2) efflux from a mountain grassland in Beskydy Mountains in the Czech Republic and to evaluate factors driving the differences among the study *** CO_(2) efflux was measured on plots with ambient precipitation con-ditions(AMB)and on plots where drought conditions(DRY)in the first half of the growing seasons and consequent heavy rain were simulated in *** Findings The spring drought significantly decreased the amount of above-ground biomass sampled just after the simulated drought in all years except for *** the contrary,the spring drought stimulated root *** drought also resulted in a rapid decrease in CO_(2) *** was lower by up to 46%for the DRY treatment compared to AMB *** the sim-ulated drought period,differences in CO_(2) efflux between the treatments gradually *** heavy rains in DRY resulted in fast but temporary increase in CO_(2) *** can assume that the future spring drought will have a significant effect on carbon balance of grassland *** impact will depend on the length of the dry period and the time between the beginning of the growing season and the dry period.

关键词： above-ground biomass Beskydy Mountains rainfall manipulation respiration rainout shelters root biomass

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A real-world data collection framework for a fused dataset creation for joint human and remotely operated vehicle monitoring and anomalous command detection

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2022年第3期7卷 432-445页

作者： Rafaella Elia George Plastiras eva Pettemeridou Antonis Savva Theocharis Theocharides Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus KIOS Research and Innovation Center of Excellence University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus Center for Applied Neuroscience(CAN) University of CyprusNicosiaCyprus

Unmanned Remotely Operated Vehicles(ROVs)are widely used in safety-critical missions,spanning across monitoring,surveillance,and search and rescue *** most cases,the human operator controls the ROV under stressful conditions and in harsh *** physical and mental states of the operator are vital as they may cause involuntary movements,issuing unintentional commands due to fatigue or ***,a joint monitoring mechanism that will assess the operator's commands can be beneficial in preventing potentially catastrophic events,such as *** this end,in this study,we propose a data collection framework for creating a fused dataset,consisting of data obtained from both the human operator and the ROV,and we integrate stress induction to stimulate stress and fatigue that may affect operators during *** optimise the dataset,which includes the operator's physiological signals and inertial measurement unit(IMU)sensor data from the ROV,using data fusion approaches and feature *** evaluate the dataset through the statistical analysis,illustrating a statistical difference between data characterising normal and involuntary ***,we evaluate the optimised and original datasets over a variety of classifiers,demonstrating an accuracy of 94%and 95%,respectively.

关键词： operator fused operators

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Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene amplification in gastric cancer using tissue microarray technology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第2期18卷 150-155页

作者： Dimitrios Tsapralis Ioannis Panayiotides George Peros Theodore Liakakos eva Karamitopoulou 3rd Department of Surgery Attikon University HospitalUniversity of AthensRimini 112464 AthensGreece 2nd Department of Pathology University of AthensRimini 112464 AthensGreece 4th Department of Surgery Attikon University HospitalUniversity of AthensRimini 112464 AthensGreece Department of Pathology Aretaieion University HospitalUniversity of AthensVass.Sophias 7611528 AthensGreece

AIM:To assess human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-status in gastric cancer and matched lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).METHODS:120 cases of primary gastric carcinomas and 45 matched lymph node metastases from patients with full clinicopathological features were mounted onto multiple-punch and single-punch tissue microarrays,respectively,and examined for HER2 overexpression and gene amplification by IHC and ***:Twenty-four tumors (20%) expressed HER2 *** IHC score of ≥ 2+ was observed in 20 tumors (16.6%).HER2 amplification was detected by CISH in 19 tumors (15.8%) and in their matched lymph node metastases.A high concordancerate was found between HER2 positivity (as detected by IHC) and HER2 gene amplification (as detected by CISH),since 19 of the 20 IHC positive cases were amplified (95%).All amplified cases had 2+ or 3+ IHC *** was associated with intestinal phenotype (P < 0.05).No association with grading,staging or survival was ***:In gastric cancer,HER2 amplification is the main mechanism for HER2 protein overexpression and is preserved in lymph node metastases.

关键词： Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 Immunohistochemistry Chromogenic in situ hybridiza-tion Gastric cancer

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Cyanobacterial flv4-2 Operon-Encoded Proteins Optimize Light Harvesting and Charge Separation in Photosystem Ⅱ

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Molecular Plant 2015年第5期8卷 747-761页

作者： Volha Chukhutsina Luca Bersanini eva-Mari Aro Herbert van Amerongen Laboratory of Biophysics Wageningen University P.O. Box 8128 6700 ET Wageningen The Netherlands MicroSpectroscopy Centre Wageningen University 6703HA Wageningen The Netherlands BioSolarCells P.O. Box 98 6700AB Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Biochemistry Molecular Plant Biology University of Turku FI-20014 Turku Finland These authors contributed equally to this article

Photosystem Ⅱ （PSII） complexes drive the water-splitting reaction necessary to transform sunlight into chemical energy. However, too much light can damage and disrupt PSlh In cyanobacteria, the flv4-2 operon encodes three proteins （FIv2, FIv4, and S110218）, which safeguard PSll activity under air-level CO2 and in high light conditions. However, the exact mechanism of action of these proteins has not been clarified yet. We demonstrate that the PSII electron transfer properties are influenced by the flv4-2 operon-encoded pro- teins. Accelerated secondary charge separation kinetics was observed upon expression/overexpression of the flv4-2 operon. This is likely induced by docking of the FIv2/FIv4 heterodimer in the vicinity of the QB pocket of PSlI, which, in turn, increases the QB redox potential and consequently stabilizes forward electron transfer. The alternative electron transfer route constituted by FIv2/FIv4 sequesters electrons from QB- guaranteeing the dissipation of excess excitation energy in PSII under stressful conditions. In addition, we demonstrate that in the absence of the flv4-2 operon-encoded proteins, about 20% of the phycobilisome antenna becomes detached from the reaction centers, thus decreasing light harvesting. Phycobilisome detachment is a consequence of a decreased relative content of PSII dimers, a feature observed in the absence of the SII0218 protein.

关键词： electron transfer flavodiiron proteins light harvesting photoprotection photosystem Ⅱ

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Multiscale structural analysis inspired by exceptional load cases concerning the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge

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Underground Space 2018年第4期3卷 252-267页

作者： Hui Wang eva Binder Herbert Mang Yong Yuan Bernhard Pichler Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures TU Wien–Vienna University of TechnologyKarlsplatz 13/202A-1040 ViennaAustria College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

This paper contains an assessment of the added value of multiscale material models for concrete in the context of macroscopic struc-tural analysis of(steel-reinforced)concrete *** examples are *** are inspired by the possibility of car accidents inside the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB).The first example deals with vehicles crashing into the tunnel *** high-dynamic strengthening effect of concrete is studied based on an engineering mechanics *** structural nature of the dynamic strength increase factor(DIF)is demonstrated by means of high-dynamic strength values measured on mortar cylinders of different ***,the evolution of the DIF as a function of hardening of concrete at material ages beyond 28 days is studied.A validated multiscale model for concrete renders a customized analysis for the specific concrete used for the aforementioned tunnel *** is found that the DIF decreases with progressive hardening of concrete at material ages beyond 28 *** second example is inspired by tunnel fires as may happen after car *** study refers to thermal stresses in steel-reinforced concrete beams sub-jected to sudden *** thermal expansion coefficient of the concrete of the tunnel is quantified by means of a multiscale *** is used as input for linear thermo-mechanical Finite-Element simulations of steel-reinforced concrete *** essential macroscopic simulation results are temperature distributions and associated stress *** are employed for top-down quantification of micro-scopic stress states inside the cement paste and the *** allows for quantifying two sources of microstructural stress fluctu-ations:(i)the macro-to-micro stress concentration and(ii)the mismatch of microscopic thermal expansion *** both examples,the multiscale models for concrete have increased the informative content of the structural simulations.

关键词： Concrete linings High-dynamic strength Thermal stresses

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Interferon gamma boosts the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2-mediated signaling pathway in human dendritic cells in an X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein and mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent manner

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第4期14卷 380-391页

作者： Tunde Fekete Gabor Koncz Brigitta Szabo Andrea Gregus eva Rajnavolgyi Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary Department of Bioengineering Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania Cluj-Napoca Romania

The cytoplasmic nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 （NOD2） receptor recognizes the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide （MDP）. NOD2 ligation initiates the nuclear factor kappa B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. However, administering MDP alone is insufficient to elicit strong cytokine responses in various immune cells, including dendritic cells （DCs）. Because the simultaneous presence of various microbial products and cytokines in inflamed tissues modulates DC function, we initiated this study to examine how interferon gamma （IFNy）, a central modulator of inflammation, affects the NOD2-mediated signaling pathway in human conventional DCs （cDCs）. Synergistic stimulation of DCs with MDP and IFNy increased the expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen DQ proteins and significantly elevated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumour necrosis factor （TNF）, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of MDP and I FNy was necessary to decrease IkBe protein levels. By investigating various mechanisms implicated in MDP- and IFNγ-mediated signaling pathways, we revealed that the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is highly dependent on the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein （XIAP） but not on cellular lAP1 and lAP2. We also found that the NOD2 signaling pathway is regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） but is not affected by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 inhibition. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that IFNy positively affects NOD2-mediated signaling in human cDCs, in a manner considerably dependent on XIAP and partially dependent on mTOR.

关键词： dendritic cell mTOR NOD2 XIAP

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Metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and gene expression during exposure to xylitol and sucrose

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第4期6卷 195-204页

作者： eva-Maria Decker Christian Klein Dimitri Schwindt Christiane von Ohle Department for Pediatric and Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Endodontology Center of Dentistry Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Tbingen Private Practice Zahngesundheit Waiblingen

The objective of the study was to analyse Streptococcus mutans biofilms grown under different dietary conditions by using multifaceted methodological approaches to gain deeper insight into the cariogenic impact of carbohydrates. S. mutans biofilms were generated during a period of 24 h in the following media： Schaedler broth as a control medium containing endogenous glucose, Schaedler broth with an additional 5% sucrose, and Schaedler broth supplemented with 1% xylitol. The confocal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM）-based analyses of the microbial vitality, respiratory activity（5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride, CTC） and production of extracellular polysaccharides（EPS） were performed separately in the inner, middle and outer biofilm layers. In addition to the microbiological sample testing, the glucose/sucrose consumption of the biofilm bacteria was quantified, and the expression of glucosyltransferases and other biofilm-associated genes was investigated. Xylitol exposure did not inhibit the viability of S. mutans biofilms, as monitored by the following experimental parameters： culture growth, vitality, CTC activity and EPS production. However,xylitol exposure caused a difference in gene expression compared to the control. Gtf C was upregulated only in the presence of *** xylitol exposure, gtf B was upregulated by a factor of 6, while under sucrose exposure, it was upregulated by a factor of *** with glucose and xylitol, sucrose increased cell vitality in all biofilm layers. In all nutrient media, the intrinsic glucose was almost completely consumed by the cells of the S. mutans biofilm within 24 h. After 24 h of biofilm formation, the multiparametric measurements showed that xylitol in the presence of glucose caused predominantly genotypic differences but did not induce metabolic differences compared to the control. Thus, the availability of dietary carbohydrates in either a pure or combined form seems to affect the cariogenic potential of

关键词： biofilms 5-cyano-2 3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride extracellular polysaccharides gene expression Streptococcus mutans sucrose viability xylitol

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Effect and feasibility of wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers for increasing physical activity and improving health outcomes in cancer survivors:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 184-193页

作者： Benjamin Singh eva M.Zopf Erin J Howden Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation Greenslopes Private HospitalGreenslopesQLD 4120Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia

Purpose:This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of wearable devices for improving physical activity and healthrelated outcomes in cancer ***:CINAHL,Cochrane,Ebscohost,MEDLINE,Pubmed,ProQuest Health and Medical Complete,ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source,ScienceDirect,and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published before September 1,2020,that evaluated interventions involving wearable devices in cancer *** mean differences(SMDs)were calculated to assess effects on physical activity and health-related *** analyses were conducted to assess whether the effects differed by interventions and cancer *** of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias ***:Thirty-five trials were included(breast cancer,n=15,43%).Intervention durations ranged between 4 weeks and 1 *** trials(n=25,71%)involved pedometer-based physical activity ***(20%)involved Fitbit-based interventions,and 3(9%)involved other wearable physical activity trackers(e.g.,Polar,Garmin).Compared to usual care,wearable devices had moderate-to-large effects(SMD range 0.54-0.87,p<0.001)on moderate-intensity physical activity,moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity,total physical activity,and daily *** to usual care,those in the intervention had higher quality of life,aerobic fitness,physical function,and reduced fatigue(SMD range=0.18-0.66,all p<0.05).Conclusion:Wearable physical activity trackers and pedometers are effective tools that increase physical activity and improve health-related outcomes in individuals with *** how these devices can be implemented for longer-term use with other intervention components remains an area for future research.

关键词： Activity tracker Cancer Exercise Physical activity Wearable

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CXC family of chemokines as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and possible drug targets in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4738-4749页

作者： Sara Cabrero-de las Heras eva Martínez-Balibrea Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance Catalan Institute of OncologyGermans Trias i Pujol health research institute Program of Predictive and Personalized Cancer Medicine Germans Trias i Pujol health research institute

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second most common cancer in women,worldwide. In the early stages of the disease, biomarkers predicting early relapse would improve survival *** metastatic patients, the use of predictive biomarkers could potentially result in more personalized treatments and better outcomes. The CXC family of chemokines(CXCL1 to 17) are small(8 to 10 kDa) secreted proteins that attract neutrophils and lymphocytes. These chemokines signal through chemokine receptors(CXCR) 1 to *** studies have reported that these chemokines and receptors have a role in either the promotion or inhibition of cancer, depending on their capacity to suppress or stimulate the action of the immune system, *** general terms, activation of the CXCR1/CXCR2 pathway or the CXCR4/CXCR7 pathway is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis; therefore,the specific inhibition of these receptors is a possible therapeutic strategy. On the other hand, the lesser known CXCR3 and CXCR5 axes are generally considered to be tumor suppressor signaling pathways, and their stimulation has been suggested as a way to fight *** pathways have been studied in tumor tissues(using immunohistochemistry or measuring mRNA levels)or serum [using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA) or multiplexing techniques], among other sample types. Common variants in genes encoding for the CXC chemokines have also been investigated as possible biomarkers of the disease. This review summarizes themost recent findings on the role of CXC chemokines and their receptors in CRC and discusses their possible value as prognostic or predictive biomarkers as well as the possibility of targeting them as a therapeutic strategy.

关键词： Biomarkers Treatment Chemotherapy Oxaliplatin Irinotecan Immunotherapy Colorectal cancer CXC chemokines Immune system Bevacizumab

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