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Are genetically distinct lizard species able to hybridize？ A review

Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 155-180页

作者： Jitka JANCUCHOVA-LASKOVA eva landova Daniel FRYNTA Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vini6n~t 7 CZ-128 44 Prague Czech Republic

Animal species are delimited by reproductive isolation mechanisms （RIMs）. Postzygotic RIMs are mainly products of genetic differences and thus their strength increases with elapsed divergence time. The relationship between postzygotic repro- ductive isolation and genetic divergence, however, differs considerably among major clades of vertebrates. We reviewed the available literature providing empirical evidence of natural and/or experimental hybridization between distinct species of lizards （squamates except snakes）. We found that hybridization events are widely distributed among nearly all major lizard clades. The majority of research focuses on parthenogenetic species and/or polyploid hybrids in families Lacertidae, Teiidae and Gekkonidae. Homoploid bisexual hybrids are mainly reported within Lacertidae and Iguania groups. As a proxy of genetic divergence of the hybridizing taxa we adopted nucleotide sequence distance （HKY85） of mitochondrial cyt b gene. The upper limit of genetic di- vergence was similar with regard to both parthenogenetic and bisexual hybrids. Maximum values of these distances between hy- bridizing species of lizards approached 18%-21%, which is comparable to or even exceeds the corresponding values reported for other principal clades of vertebrates. In spite of this, F1 hybrids are typically at least partially fertile in lizards and thus genetic introgression between highly divergent species is possible. The relationship between the genetic distance and hybrid fertility was not found [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 155-180, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Introgression Fertility Viability Genetic divergence Lizards

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Antipredatory reaction of the leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius to snake predators

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 439-450页

作者： eva landova Veronika MuslLovA Jakub POLAK Kristyna SEDLACKOVA Daniel FRYNTA Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinicna 7 128 44 Prague Czech Republic National Institute of Mental Health Topolova 748 250 67 Klecany Czech Republic

Ability to recognize a risk of predation and react with adaptive antipredatory behavior can enhance fitness, but has some costs as well. Animals can either specifically react on the most dangerous predators （threat-sensitive avoidance） or they have safe but costly general wariness avoiding all potential predators. The level of threat may depend on the predator＇s foraging ecology and distri- bution with the prey with sympatric and specialist species being the most dangerous. We used 2 choice trials to investigate antipredatory behavior of captive born and wild-caught leopard geckos confronted with different snake predators from 2 families （Colubridae, Boidae） varying in foraging ecology and sympatric/allopatric distribution with the geckos. Predator-na＇ive subadult individuals have general wariness, explore both chemically and visually, and perform antipredatory postures toward a majority of snake predators regardless of their sympatry/allopatry or food specialization. The most exaggerated antipredatory postures in both subadult and adult geckos were toward 2 sympatric snake species, the spotted whip snake Hemorrhois ravergieri, an active forager, and the red sand boa Eryxjohnii, a subterranean snake with a sit-and-wait strategy. In contrast, also subter- ranean but allopatric the Kenyan sand boa Eryx colubrinus did not elicit any antipredatory reaction. We conclude that the leopard gecko possesses an innate general antipredatory reaction to different species of snake predators, while a specific reaction to 2 particular sympatric species can be observed. Moreover, adult wild caught geckos show lower reactivity compared with the captive born ones, presumably due to an experience of a real predation event that can hardly be simulated under laboratory conditions.

关键词： allopatric antipredation lizard posture sympatric 2 choice trial.

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Why not to avoid the smell of danger？ Unexpected behavior of the Cypriot mouse surviving on the island invaded by black rats

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 781-791页

作者： Daniel FRYNT Margareta BALADOVA Barbora ELIASOVA Silvie LISKOVA eva landova Department of Zoology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinicna 7 128 44 Prague 2 Czech Republic National Institut of Mental Health Topolova 748 250 67 Klecany Czech Republic

Mus cypriaeus is a recently discovered endemic species that evolved about half a million years ago on the Cyprus Is- land in an absence of most mammalian predators and competitors. As on other Mediterranean islands, the faunal composition was dramatically changed by the invasion of commensal and domestic species following Holocene colonization by humans. We exa- mined the behavioral responses of the Cypriot mouse to the odors of these new competitors （black and Norway rat, house mouse and spiny-mouse） and predator （domestic cat） as well as controls （Herb-field mouse, guinea pig）. We compared them with those of mainland population of house mouse from Syria with different coexistence history. Surprisingly, the Cypriot mouse failed to avoid the odor of its current main competitor, the black rat. Moreover, the response patterns of both the Cypriot and Syrian house mice to the examined odor sources appeared fairly comparable. There was a clear tendency to prefer odors of other murids over unscented sawdust as well as to avoid the odor of a domestic cat. In conclusion, neither the long-term isolation from predators nor the recent strong competition with black rats affected mice eompetitory and antipredatory responses fundamentally [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 781-791, 2015].

关键词： Competition Cyprus Mus cypriacus Odor preference Rattus rattus

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