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Boron-containing compounds as labels,drugs,and theranostic agents for diabetes and its complications

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world Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1060-1069页

作者： Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa R Ivan Cordova-Chávez eunice D Farfan-García George Kabalka Department of Physiology Escuela Superior de MedicinaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 11340Mexico Department of Physiology Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City 11340Mexico Department of Biochemistry Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City 11340Mexico Department of Chemistry The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996United States

Diabetes is a disease with a high global *** strategies have failed to limit the advancement and impact of the *** early diagnosis and treatment will require the development of new *** this sense,boroncontaining compounds have been reported as agents with the ability to reduce glycemia and *** have also been used for labeling and measuring carbohydrates and other molecules linked to the initial stages of diabetes and its *** addition,certain boron compounds bind to molecules related to diabetes development and their biological activity in the regulation of elevated ***,it should be noted that some boron compounds appear to exert beneficial effects on diabetes complications such as accelerating wound healing while ameliorating pain in diabetic patients.

关键词： Boron Carbohydrates Metabolism Diabetes Boronodipyrromethene

DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, P. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, Jennifer eunice Andrew, J. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial staple food globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf diseases. Hence, efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical testing. In the recent past, the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment, which proves to be time-consuming and inefficient. This study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning (DL) and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases. A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the leaves. These classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown spot. Following meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture experts, data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of images. The datasets were subjected to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their performance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Inception ResnetV2, and Inception V3. The effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images, yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%, surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art models. Further, the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security IDENTIFICATION

Perception of Medical Students towards Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 39-48页

作者： Prosper Ifeanacho Okonkwo Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Saratu Lamido Toluwani Bamisaiye eunice Lagasi Department of Community Medicine & PHC Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Prevention is one of the safe schemes against the high prevalence of viral Hepatitis. Negative perceptions or perceptions about the risks of hepatitis B among medical students and health care workers may influence the behavioral pattern and adoption of preventive measures against the virus and can affect the uptake of the Hepatitis B vaccine. This study assesses the perception of medical students towards Hepatitis B virus infection and Hepatitis B Vaccination in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in August 2021 among 236 clinical medical students using a multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analysed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. Results: Two-thirds of respondents were of the opinion that they are at risk of contracting HBV. Half were of the opinion that the risk is very much while a third believed the risk is moderate. Among those who think they are not at risk of contracting HBV, the majority felt so because they are vaccinated while 10.3% believe that they are safe. 43.2% of respondents think that HBV Vaccine is very effective in preventing HBV infection while 39.8% think it is slightly effective, and 7.6% think it is not effective. Almost all respondents, 99.2% are of the opinion that HBV Vaccination is important for students while 0.8% think it is not important. The majority of the respondents at 95.8% were willing to be screened for HBV. The majority (85.6%) of respondents are willing to pay for HBV Vaccine as against 14.4% of respondents who are not willing to pay. Conclusion: Summarily, 21 (8.9%) of the students had a negative perception of Hepatitis B Vaccination, and 215 (91.1%) had a positive perception of Hepatitis B Va

关键词： Perception Hepatitis B Virus Infection Hepatitis B Vaccination Medical Students

Synergistic Interactions of Soil and Vegetation in Agroforestry Systems in Mitigating Climate Change in Upper East Region, Ghana

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 140-162页

作者： Joshua A. Adombire Abdul-wahab M. Imoro eunice Essel Nang B. Douti Department of Environmental Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Forestry and Forest Resources Management University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Climate change has been a global pandemic with its adverse impacts affecting environments and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large amounts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) among others. In the Upper East of Ghana, climate change manifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high temperatures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorms, flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating bushfires etc. Practices such as burning farm residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerbate the situation. Although, efforts made by governmental and none-governmental organizations to mitigate climate change through afforestation, agroforestry and promotion of less fuelwood consuming cook stoves, land management practices antagonize these efforts as more CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have established the role of trees and soil in carbon sequestration in mitigating climate. However, there is limited knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in mitigation climate change. It is against this background that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carbon and contribute to mitigating climate change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored more carbon than vegetation in an agroforestry system and is much effective in mitigating climate change. It was found out that in order to make soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system interact synergistically to effectively mitigate climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively mitigates climate. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure r

关键词： Climate Change Carbon Sequestration Agroforestry Photosynthesis Nutrient Mining Synergistic

Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents and Antimicrobial Activities of Pandiaka heudelotii

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 55-63页

作者： Ikenna Obiora Alaekwe Uche eunice Ekpunobi Vincent Ishmel Egbulefu Ajiwe Chinedu Chris Aguoma Jamilu Ahmad Department of Chemistry Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

The work investigated the secondary metabolites present in different parts of the Pandiaka heudelotii plant harvested from Ezira, Orumba south local government area of Anambra state, southeastern Nigeria as well as their antimicrobial activity. The objectives were to extract, determine the phytochemicals present, evaluate the antimicrobial potential and determine the zones of inhibition of the root, stem and leaf extracts of the plant. The emergence of antibiotics has decreased the spread and severity of a wide range of diseases. Plant extracts were tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtelis, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition of extracts was compared with that of standard drugs like Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Fulcin and Fluconazole. The result revealed the inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth with some test organisms. The microbial activity of the plant parts may be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. The ethyl acetate extracts of Pandiaka heudelotii stood out with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 5 - 10 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 10 - 20 mg/ml against some test organisms. The plant can thus be worked upon to discover biologically active natural products that may serve as a prelude to the development of new pharmaceutical research undertakings.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Secondary Metabolites Antibiotics Pandiaka heudelotii Bacteria

A Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow over a Vertical wall in a Porous Medium, with Exponentially Varying Fluid Viscosity

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2014年第8期2卷 795-802页

作者： eunice mureithi Department of Mathematics University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

This study investigates a mixed convection boundary layer flow over a vertical wall embedded in a highly porous medium. The fluid viscosity is assumed to decrease exponentially with temperature. The boundary layer equations are transformed into a non-similar form using an appropriate non-similar variable ξ and a pseudo-similar variable η. The non-similar equations are solved using an efficient local non-similarity method. The effect of viscosity variation parameter on the heat transfer, skin friction and the velocity and temperature distribution within the boundary layer is investigated. The viscosity variation parameter, the viscous dissipation parameter and non-simi-larity variable are shown to have a significant effect on velocity and thermal boundary layer and also on the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer at the wall.

关键词： Porous Medium Non-Darcy Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Temperature Dependent Viscosity

Effects of Over-Harvesting and Drought on a Predator-Prey System with Optimal Control

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第8期8卷 459-482页

作者： Alanus Mapunda eunice mureithi Nyimvua Shaban Thadei Sagamiko Department of Mathematics University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

In this paper, a two species predator-prey model is developed where prey is affected by over-harvesting and drought and predator is affected by drought. The intention is to investigate the impact of over-harvesting and drought on predator-prey system, and suggest control strategies to alleviate the problem of loss of prey and predator species due to over-harvesting and drought. The control strategies suggested are creation of reserve areas with restriction of harvesting for controlling over-harvesting and construction of dams for mitigating drought effects. The results obtained from theoretical and numerical simulation of the predator-prey model with harvesting and drought without control strategies showed that, both harvesting and drought affect the predator-prey population negatively. However, the results obtained from numerical simulations of the model with control measures showed that, the use of control strategies one at a time encourages the increase of the prey and predator species to the optimal population size. Furthermore, the best result is obtained when control strategies, creation of reserve areas with restriction of harvesting and construction of dams are applied simultaneously.

关键词： Predator-Prey System Over-Harvesting Drought Optimal Control

why Kenya should worry about Anopheles stephensi

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第3期16卷 99-101页

作者： eunice A Owino Department of Biology The University of NairobiP.O BOX 30197-00100NairobiKenya

On the 18th of February, the Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI) raised an alarm that it had detected Anopheles(An.) stephensi in Laisamis and Saku sub counties of Marsabit county during a routine mosquito surveillance[1,2]. Up until this announcement, the invasive mosquito had been reported in other horn of African countries: Djibouti(2012), Ethiopia(2016).

关键词： routine raised worry

world’s first malaria vaccine and its significance to malaria control in Africa

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第2期15卷 49-52页

作者： eunice A Owino The University of Nairobi P.O BOX 30197-00100NairobiKenya

In October 2021,the world Health Organization(wHO)endorsed the first malaria vaccine,as a complementary tool for widespread use among children in at-risk areas;sub-Saharan Africa and in other regions with moderate to high Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission,including our country,Kenya[1].The breakthrough followed three decades of clinical trials in seven African countries including Ghana,Kenya and Malawi,where a large-scale pilot programme coordinated by the wHO since 2019,administered 2.3 million doses of Mosquirix,the malaria vaccine,to infants[1].

关键词： malaria doses breakthrough