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Gut–brain axis and environmental factors in Parkinson's disease:bidirectional link between disease onset and progression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3416-3429页

作者： Soo Jung Park Kyung Won Kim eun jeong lee Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Life Science and Multidisciplinary Genome Institute Hallym UniversityChuncheonSouth Korea

Parkinson's disease has long been considered a disorder that primarily affects the brain,as it is defined by the dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and the brain accumulation of Lewy bodies containingα-synuclein *** recent decades,however,accumulating research has revealed that Parkinson's disease also involves the gut and uncovered an intimate and important bidirectional link between the brain and the gut,called the“gut–brain axis.”Numerous clinical studies demonstrate that gut dysfunction frequently precedes motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients,with findings including impaired intestinal permeability,heightened inflammation,and distinct gut microbiome profiles and ***,α-synuclein deposition has been consistently observed in the gut of Parkinson's disease patients,suggesting a potential role in disease ***,individuals with vagotomy have a reduced Parkinson's disease *** these observations,researchers have hypothesized thatα-synuclein accumulation may initiate in the gut and subsequently propagate to the central dopaminergic neurons through the gut–brain axis,leading to Parkinson's *** review comprehensively examines the gut's involvement in Parkinson's disease,focusing on the concept of a gut-origin for the *** also examine the interplay between altered gut-related factors and the accumulation of pathologicalα-synuclein in the gut of Parkinson's disease *** the accessibility of the gut to both dietary and pharmacological interventions,targeting gut-localizedα-synuclein represents a promising avenue for developing effective Parkinson's disease therapies.

关键词： gut inflammation gut microbiome gut-brain axis micro/nano-plastics Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein

A critical regulation of Th2 cell responses by RORa in allergic asthma

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 1326-1335页

作者： jeong-eun lee Garam Cho Minkyoung Cho Daehong Kim Mi-Ock lee Yeonseok Chung Laboratory of Immune Regulation Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea BK21 Plus Program College of PharmacySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung and the airway,which is characterized by aberrant type 2 immune responses to otherwise unharmful *** the central role of Th2 cells and type 2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma is well documented,the regulation and plasticity of Th2 cells remain incompletely *** using an animal model of allergic asthma in IL-4-reporter mice,we found that Th2 cells in the lung expressed higher levels of Rora than those in the lymph nodes,and that treatment with an RORa agonist SRI 078 resulted in diminished Th2 cell responses in *** determine the T cell-intrinsic role of RORa in allergic asthma in vivo,we established T cell-specific RORa-deficient^(f/f)fyf(Cd4creRora^(f/f))*** intranasal allergen challenges,Cd4creRora^(f/f)mice exhibited a significantly increased Th2 cells in the lungs and the airway and showed an enhanced eosinophilic inflammation compared to littermate control *** with Foxp3^(YFP-cre)Rora^(f/f)mice and CD^(8+)T cell depletion showed that the increased Th2 cell responses in the Cd4creRora^(f/f)mice were independent of Treg cells and CD^(8+)T *** findings demonstrate a critical regulatory role of RORa in Th2 cells,which suggest that RORa agonists could be effective for the treatment of allergic diseases.

关键词： Th2 allergic critical

Severe mediastinitis and pericarditis after endobronchial ultrasoundguided transbronchial needle aspiration:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第34期9卷 10723-10727页

作者： jeong Suk Koh Yoon Joo Kim Da Hyun Kang jeong eun lee Song-I lee Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015South Korea

BACKGROUND Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)is a safe and minimally invasive diagnostic tool for mediastinal and hilum ***,infectious complications may occur after *** these,mediastinitis and pericarditis are *** SUMMARY A 67-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to paratracheal lymph node enlargement on chest computed tomography(CT).EBUS-TBNA was performed on the lymph node lesions,and prophylactic oral antibiotics were *** days after EBUS-TBNA,the patient visited the emergency room with a high fever and chest *** test results revealed leukocytosis with a left shift and elevated C-reactive protein level(25.7 mg/dL).Chest CT revealed the formation of a mediastinal abscess in the right paratracheal lymph node and pericardial and bilateral pleural *** patient received intravenous antibiotic treatment,cardiac drainage through pericardiocentesis,and surgical *** patient recovered favorably and was discharged 31 d after the *** Mediastinitis and pericarditis after EBUS-TBNA are rare but should be considered even after the use of prophylactic antibiotics.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration Complication Mediastinitis Pericarditis Antibiotics Case report

Acute myopathy associated with liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2254-2258页

作者： Ok-Jae lee Jee-Hyang Yoon eun-jeong lee Hyun-Jin Kim Tae-Hyo Kim Department of Internal Medicine and Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine JinjuRepublic of Korea

AIM： Many cirrhotic patients have muscular symptoms and rhabdomyolysis. However, myopathy associated with liver cirrhosis has not been established as a disease entity. We evaluated the clinical significance of acute myopathy associated with liver cirrhosis. METHODS： We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 5440 cirrhotic patients who had been admitted to Gyeongsang National University Hospital from August 1997 to January 2003. Among these, 99 developed acute myopathies, and they were analyzed with respect to clinical and laboratory parameters, and outcomes. RESULTS： The Child-Pugh classification at the time of myopathy onset was A in 3（3.1%） cases, B in 33（33.3%）, and C in 63 （63.6%）. Infection was identified as the most predisposing factor to myopathy. Fifty percent of 18 idiopathic cases who were tested for influenza antibody were positive. Forty-two of the 99 cases were complicated by acute renal failure, and 25 （59.5%） of these expired. Apart from 6 cases lost to follow-up, 64 of 93 recovered, giving a mortality rate of 31.2%. Mortality was higher in Child-Pugh class C than in B or A. CONCLUSION： Acute myopathy can develop as a serious complication in liver cirrhosis. Its frequency, severity and mortality depend on underlying liver function, and are higher in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Influenza should be considered as an etiologic factor in idiopathic cases. It is proposed that acute myopathy associated with liver cirrhosis be called ＇hepatic myopathy; and that careful monitoring for hepatic myopathy is necessary in the patients with advanced liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Myopathy Rhabdomyolysis Liver cirrhosis

Classification of Precipitation Types Using Fall Velocity–Diameter Relationships from 2D-Video Distrometer Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第9期32卷 1277-1290页

作者： jeong-eun lee Sung-Hwa JUNG Hong-Mok PARK Soohyun KWON Pay-Liam LIN Gyu Won lee Department of Astronomy and Atmospheric Sciences Research and Training Team for Future Creative Astrophysicists and CosmologistsKyungpook National University Center for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Kyungpook National University Departmentof Atmospheric Sciences NCUTaipei

Fall velocity–diameter relationships for four different snowflake types（dendrite,plate,needle,and graupel） were investigated in northeastern South Korea,and a new algorithm for classifying hydrometeors is proposed for distrometric measurements based on the new *** ice crystals（approximately 40 000 particles） were measured with a two-dimensional video disdrometer（2DVD） during a winter experiment from 15 January to 9 April *** fall velocity–diameter relationships were derived for the four types of snowflakes based on manual classification by experts using snow photos and 2DVD measurements：the coefficients（exponents） for different snowflake types were 0.82（0.24） for dendrite,0.74（0.35） for plate,1.03（0.71） for needle,and 1.30（0.94） for graupel,*** new relationships established in the present study（PS） were compared with those from two previous *** types were classified with the derived fall velocity–diameter relationships,and the classification algorithm was evaluated using 3 × 3 contingency tables for one rain–snow transition event and three snowfall *** algorithm showed good performance for the transition event：the critical success indices（CSIs） were 0.89,0.61 and 0.71 for snow,wet-snow and rain,*** snow events,the algorithm performance for dendrite and plate（CSIs = 1.0 and 1.0,respectively） was better than for needle and graupel（CSIs = 0.67 and 0.50,respectively）.

关键词： snowflake types wet snow fall velocity–diameter hydrometeor type classification 2DVD

Appendectomy in patient with suspected COVID-19 with negative COVID-19 results: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第10期8卷 1944-1949页

作者： Changho Kim Jong Kun Kim In Hwan Yeo Jae Young Choe jeong eun lee So jeong Kang Chan Sub Park Ki Tae Kwon Soyoon Hwang Department of Emergency Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityKyungpook National University HospitalDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Surgery School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityKyungpook National University HospitalDaegu 41944South Korea Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKoreaDepartment of Infection ControlKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaegu 41944South Korea

BACKGROUND Even at present,we are in the middle of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic and are facing challenges in trial and ***,emergency surgery for patients with suspected COVID-19 is burdensome not only for patients but also for healthcare ***,we established a surveillance system in the emergency room and established principles for managing patients suspected of COVID-19 who require emergency *** SUMMARY A 67-year-old man was diagnosed with appendicitis in March *** wife was diagnosed with COVID-1910 d earlier,and the patient was in close contact with *** patient tested negative twice on an upper respiratory COVID-19 reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction screening test,but chest X-ray and chest computed tomography revealed patchy ground-glass opacity in both upper lobes of the patient’s *** same emergency surgery procedure for patients with confirmed COVID-19 was applied to this patient suspected of having the disease to ensure that surgery was not delayed while waiting for the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction results.A few hours after surgery,the upper respiratory tract specimen taken in the emergency room was negative for COVID-19 but the lower respiratory tract specimen was found to be positive for the *** When COVID-19 is suspected,emergency surgery should be performed as for confirmed COVID-19 without delay.

关键词： COVID-19 Appendicitis Appendectomy Emergency room Infection control Case report

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas—multimodality imaging findings with serial imaging follow-up:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第13期9卷 3102-3113页

作者： Hyun Jae Lim Hye Seon Kang jeong eun lee Ji Hye Min Kyung Sook Shin Sun Kyoung You Kyung-Hee Kim Department of Radiology Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015South Korea Department of Radiology Chungnam National University HospitalChungnam National University College of MedicineDaejeon 35015South Korea Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351South Korea Department of Pathology Cancer Research InstituteCollege of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeon 35015South Korea

BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas is extremely rare and has an extremely poor *** a few cases of sarcomatoid carcinoma of pancreas have been reported,most are focused on a histopathological *** the best of our knowledge,there are no reports documenting multimodality imaging characteristics and chronological changes with emphasis on radiologic *** SUMMARY A 64-year-old woman was admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital with acute ***-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 2.6 cm×2.8 cm multilobular cystic mass in the pancreatic *** pancreatic lesion showed suspected mural nodules and thin ***,mucinous cystic neoplasm of pancreas was *** 7 mo,the patient was readmitted for repeated epigastric abdominal pain and ***-up contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a marked enlargement(5.4 cm×4 cm),with a predominant internal solid *** mass showed low signal intensity on a T1-weighted image and heterogeneously intermediate high signal intensity on a T2-weighted image. It showed diffusion restriction and peripheral rimenhancement on an arterial phase image, and progressive enhancement on portalvenous and delayed phase images. Distal pancreatectomy was performed. Basedon the morphology and immunohistochemical staining of the specimen,pancreatic sarcomatoid carcinoma was *** present the computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positronemission tomography computed tomography findings, pathologic features, andchronological changes for preoperative diagnosis.

关键词： Carcinosarcoma Pancreas Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Pancreatectomy Case report

Transient shuttle for a widespread neural probe with minimal perturbation

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npj Flexible Electronics 2024年第1期8卷 498-508页

作者： Yeonwook Roh Hyeongseok Kim eun-A Kim Kyungbin Ji Minji Kang Dohyeon Gong Sunghoon Im Insic Hong Jieun Park Soo Jung Park YiseulBae Jae-Il Park Je-Sung Koh Seungyong Han eun jeong lee Daeshik Kang Multiscale Bioinspired Technology Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringAjou UniversitySuwon-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea Molecular Neurocircuits Lab Department of Brain ScienceAjou University School of MedicineSuwon-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea Gwangju Center Korea Basic Science Institute(KBSI)GwangjuRepublic of Korea

Bioelectronic implants in the deep brain provide the opportunity to monitor deep brain activity with potential applications in disease diagnostics and ***,mechanical mismatch between a probe and brain tissue can cause surgical trauma in the brain and limit chronic probe-based monitoring,leading to performance ***,we report a transient shuttle-based probe consisting of a PVA and a mesh-type probe.A rigid shuttle based on PVA implants an ultrathin mesh probe in the target deep brain without a tangle,while creating both a sharp edge for facile penetration into the brain and an anti-friction layer between the probe and brain tissue through dissolving its *** capability to shuttle dissolved materials can exclude the retracted process of the shuttle in the *** dissolution of the shuttle provides a dramatic decrease(~1078-fold)in the stiffness of the probe,which can therefore chronically monitor a wide area of the *** results indicate the ability to use a simplistic design for implantation of wide and deep brain probes while preventing unnecessary damage to the brain and probe degradation during long-term use.

关键词： shuttle neural implantation

RGB Color-Discriminable Photonic Synapse for Neuromorphic Vision System

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 39-62页

作者： Bum Ho jeong Jaewon lee Miju Ku Jongmin lee Dohyung Kim Seokhyun Ham Kyu-Tae lee Young-Beom Kim Hui Joon Park Department of Organic and Nano Engineering&Human-Tech Convergence Program Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Semiconductor Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Korea Department of Physics Inha UniversityIncheon 22212Korea

To emulate the functionality of the human retina and achieve a neuromorphic visual system,the development of a photonic synapse capable of multispectral color discrimination is of paramount ***,attaining robust color discrimination across a wide intensity range,even irrespective of medium limitations in the channel layer,poses a significant ***,we propose an approach that can bestow the color-discriminating synaptic functionality upon a three-terminal transistor flash memory even with enhanced discriminating *** incorporating the strong induced dipole moment effect at the excitation,modulated by the wavelength of the incident light,into the floating gate,we achieve outstanding RGB color-discriminating synaptic functionality within a remarkable intensity range spanning from 0.05 to 40 mW cm^(-2).This approach is not restricted to a specific medium in the channel layer,thereby enhancing its *** effectiveness of this color-discriminating synaptic functionality is demonstrated through visual pre-processing of a photonic synapse array,involving the differentiation of RGB channels and the enhancement of image contrast with noise ***,a convolutional neural network can achieve an impressive inference accuracy of over 94%for Canadian-Institute-For-Advanced-Research-10 colorful image recognition task after the *** proposed approach offers a promising solution for achieving robust and versatile RGB color discrimination in photonic synapses,enabling significant advancements in artificial visual systems.

关键词： Organic field-effect transistor Photonic synapse Excited-state dipole moment RGB color discrimination Neuromorphic visual system