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Single-pilot operations in commercial fligh.:Effects on neural activity and visual beh.viour under abnormalities and emergencies

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Ch.nese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 277-292页

作者： Qinbiao LI Ch.n-h.ien Ch.N Kam K.h.NG Xin YUAN cho Yin YIU h.man Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory Department of Aeronautical and Aviation EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong Special Administrative Region 100872China School of Mech.nical&Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

With.cutting-edge tech.ologies and considering airline h.man-resource-saving,a single pilot in commercial jets could be tech.ically *** ch.nges in captains’natural beh.viours are initially required to compreh.nd th. specific safe h.man performance envelope for safeguarding single-pilot fligh.,particularly in h.gh.risk *** paper investigates h.w captains’performance transforms for fixing emergencies wh.n operating from Dual-Pilot Operations(DPO)to Single-Pilot Operations(SPO)th.ough.a ph.siological-based *** pilots flew an emergency-included fligh. with.with.ut first officers’*** neural activities and scanning beh.viours were recorded using a 32-ch.nnel Electroenceph.logram(EEG)and glasses-based eye tracker,with.th. observation and post-experiment questionnaires to evaluate th. fligh. operations and pilots’*** alone,th.re was a significantly increased cortical activity in h.and b waves over th. frontal,parietal,and temporal lobes during th. more complicated emergencies,and pilots focused less on th. primary fligh. display wh.le spending significantly more time scanning th. oth.r *** ph.siological fluctuating patterns associated with.risky operations in SPO were h.gh.igh.ed by cross-correlating multimodal *** experimental-based noteworth. insigh.s may wish.to inform commercial SPO measures to lessen th. persistent ph.siological fluctuation,assisting airlines in creating SPO-oriented intelligent fligh. systems to give captains adequate support for assuring safer air transportation.

关键词： Aviation engineering Single pilot operations Beh.viour ch.nges Eye tracker Electroenceph.logram

Direct 4D printing of functionally graded h.drogel networks for biodegradable,unteth.red,and multimorph.c soft robots

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 407-416页

作者： Soo Young cho Dong h.e h. Sae Byeok Jo Jeong h. cho Department of Ch.mical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Mech.nical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061United States of America School of Ch.mical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Tech.ology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Recent advances in functionally graded additive manufacturing(FGAM)tech.ology h.ve enabled th. seamless h.bridization of multiple functionalities in a single *** robotics can become one of th. largest beneficiaries of th.se advances,th.ough.th. design of a facile four-dimensional(4D)FGAM process th.t can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mech.nical functionality to th. printed ***,we present a simple binder jetting approach.for th. 4D printing of functionally graded porous multi-materials(FGMM)by introducing rationally designed graded multiph.se feeder *** graded cross-linking agents gradually form stable porous network structures with.n aqueous polymer particles,enabling programmable h.groscopic deformation with.ut complex mech.nical ***,a systematic bed design incorporating additional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and unteth.red soft robot with.stark stimulus *** biodegradability of th. proposed 4D-printed soft robot furth.r ensures th. sustainability of our approach.with.immediate degradation rates of 96.6%with.n 72 *** proposed 4D printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing in soft robotics.

关键词： intelligent and sustainable additive manufacturing multi-material four-dimensional printing unteth.red soft robot multi-stimuli-responsive soft robot biodegradable soft robotics

Advancements in h.mostatic strategies for managing upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A compreh.nsive review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2087-2090页

作者： Ah.Young Lee Joo Young cho Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineCha Gangnam Medical CenterCha University College of MedicineSeoul 06135Korea

Upper gastrointestinal(GI)h.morrh.ge presents a substantial clinical *** management typically involves resuscitation and endoscopy with.n 24 h.alth.ugh.th. benefit of very early endoscopy(h.for h.gh.risk patients is *** goals include stopping acute bleeding,preventing rebleeding,and using a multimodal approach.encompassing endoscopic,ph.rmacological,angiograph.c,and surgical *** agents such.as vasopressin,prostaglandins,and proton pump inh.bitors are effective,but th. increase in antith.ombotic use h.s increased GI bleeding *** h.mostasis,particularly for nonvariceal bleeding,employs tech.iques such.as electrocoagu-lation and h.ater probes,with.concerns over tissue injury from monopolar *** meth.ds such.as h.mospray and Endoclot sh.w promise in creating mech.nical tamponades but h.ve ***,th. first-line th.rapy includes th.rmal probes and h.moclips,with.over-th.-scope clips emerging for larger ulcer *** gold probe,combining bipolar electrocoagulation and injection,offers targeted coagulation but h.s faced device-related *** advancements involve combining tech.iques and improving endoscopic imaging,with.studies exploring combined approach.s sh.wing *** research.is crucial for developing standardized and effective h.morrh.ge management strategies.

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal bleeding h.mostasis Endoscopy Probe Spray Clip

Correlation between h.dration properties and electroch.mical performances on Ln cation size effect in layered perovskite for protonic ceramic fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Ch.mistry 2024年第1期88卷 1-9,I0001页

作者： Inh.eok cho Jiwon Yun Boseok Seong Junseok Kim Sun h.e choi h.-Il Ji Sih.uk choi Department of Mech.nical Engineering Kumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi 39177GyeongbukRepublic of Korea Department of Aeronautics Mechanical and Electronic Convergence EngineeringKumoh National Institute of TechnologyGumi 39177GyeongbukRepublic of Korea Center for Energy Materials Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Center for h.drogen and Fuel Cell Research Clean Technology Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Nanomaterials Science and Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology(UST)KIST CampusSeoul 02792Republic of Korea

PrBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(PrBSCF) h.s attracted much.research.interest as a potential triple ionic and electronic conductor(TIEC) electrode for protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs). Th. ch.mical formula for Pr BSCF is AA'B_(2)O_(5+δ), with.Pr(A-site) and Ba/Sr(A'-site) alternately stacked along th. c-axis. Due to th.se structural features, th. bulk oxygen ion diffusivity is significantly enh.nced th.ough.th. disorder-free ch.nnels in th. PrO layer;th.s, th. A site cations(lanth.nide ions) play a pivotal role in determining th. overall electroch.mical properties of layered perovskites. Consequently, previous research.h.s predominantly focused on th. electrical properties and oxygen bulk/surface kinetics of Ln cation effects,wh.reas th. h.dration properties for PCFC systems remain unidentified. h.re, we th.rough.y examined th. proton uptake beh.vior and th.rmodynamic parameters for th. h.dration reaction to conclusively determine th. ch.nges in th. electroch.mical performances depending on LnBa_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(1.5)Fe_(0.5)O_(5+δ)(LnBSCF,Ln=Pr, Nd, and Gd) cath.des. At 500 ℃, th. quantitative proton concentration of PrBSCF was 2.04 mol% and progressively decreased as th. Ln cation size decreased. Similarly, th. Gibbs free energy indicated th.t less energy was required for th. formation of protonic defects in th. order of Pr BSCF h. close relationsh.p between h.dration properties and electroch.mical performances in LnBSCF cath.des, PCFC single cell measurements and analysis of th. distribution of relaxation time were furth.r investigated.

关键词： Protonic ceramic fuel cell Cath.de Triple ionic and electronic conductor h.dration property Proton uptake Gibbs free energy

Atomically Adjustable Rh.dium Catalyst Synth.sis with.Outstanding Mass Activity via Surface-Li mi ted Cation Exch.nge

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 83-92页

作者： h.k h.eon Lee Dong Su Kim Swagotom Sarker Ji h.on choi h. Seong Lee h.ung Koun cho Department of Advanced Materials Science&Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-doSeoul 16419Korea Department of Advanced Materials Science&Engineering Kyungpook National University80Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Korea

Rh.h.s been widely studied as a catalyst for th. promising h.drazine oxidation reaction th.t can replace oxygen evolution reactions for boosting h.drogen production from h.drazine-containing *** Rh.being expensive,only a few studies h.ve examined its electrocatalytic mass ***,surface-limited cation exch.nge and electroch.mical activation processes are designed to remarkably enh.nce th. mass activity of *** atoms were readily replaced at th. Ni sites on th. surface of NiOOh.electrodes by cation exch.nge,and th. resulting Rh.Oh.compounds were activated by th. electroch.mical reduction *** cation exch.nge-derived Rh.catalysts exh.bited particle sizes not exceeding 2 nm with.ut agglomeration,indicating a decrease in th. number of inactive inner Rh.***,an improved mass activity of 30 A mg_(Rh.^(-1)was ach.eved at 0.4 V versus reversible h.drogen ***,th. two-electrode system employing th. same CE-derived Rh.electrodes ach.eved overall h.drazine splitting over 36 h.at a stable low *** proposed surface-limited CE process is an effective meth.d for reducing inactive atoms of expensive noble metal catalysts.

关键词： cation exch.nge synth.sis electroch.mical metallization h.drazine oxidation reaction mass activity rh.dium catalyst

Effect of Meteorological Data Assimilation on Regional Air Quality Forecasts over th. Korean Peninsula

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第2期38卷 262-284页

作者： Yunjae cho h.un Mee KIM Eun-Gyeong YANG Yongh.e LEE Jae-Bum LEE Soyoung h. Department of Atmosph.ric Sciences Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Air Quality Forecasting Center National Institute of Environmental ResearchIncheon 22689Republic of Korea National Center for Atmosph.ric Research BoulderCO 80305USA University of Maryland Baltimore County BaltimoreMD 21250USA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMD 20771USA

Th. Weath.r Research.and Forecasting model coupled with.Ch.mistry(WRF-Ch.m),a type of online coupled ch.mistry-meteorology model(CCMM),considers th. interaction between air quality and meteorology to improve air quality *** data assimilation(DA)can be used to reduce uncertainty in meteorological field,wh.ch.is one factor causing prediction uncertainty in th. *** th.s study,WRF-Ch.m and th.ee-dimensional variational DA were used to examine th. impact of meteorological DA on air quality and meteorological forecasts over th. Korean *** nesting model domains were configured over East Asia(outer domain)and th. Korean Peninsula(inner domain).Th.ee experiments were conducted by using different DA domains to determine th. optimal model domain for th. meteorological *** th. meteorological DA was performed in th. outer domain or both.th. outer and inner domains,th. root-mean-square error(RMSE),bias of th. predicted particulate matter(PM)concentrations,and th. RMSE of predicted meteorological variables against th. observations were smaller th.n th.se in th. experiment wh.re th. meteorological DA was performed only in th. inner *** indicates th.t th. improvement of th. synoptic meteorological fields by DA in th. outer domain enh.nced th. meteorological initial and boundary conditions for th. inner domain,subsequently improving air quality and meteorological *** to th. experiment with.ut meteorological DA,th. RMSE and bias of th. meteorological and PM variables were smaller in th. experiments with.*** effect of meteorological DA on th. improvement of PM predictions lasted for approximately 58-66 h.depending on th. ***,th. uncertainty reduction in th. meteorological initial condition by th. meteorological DA contributed to a reduction of th. forecast errors of both.meteorology and air quality.

关键词： meteorological data assimilation regional air quality forecast particulate matter concentration optimal model domain forecast error WRF-Ch.m

Enh.nced Li storage of pure crystalline-C60 and TiNb2O7-nanostructure composite for Li-ion battery anodes

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Journal of Energy Ch.mistry 2024年第10期97卷 478-485页

作者： Injun Jeon Lingh.ng Yin Dingch.ng Yang h.ng Ch.n Seong Won Go Min Seung Kang h.ung Soo Ah. Ch.e-Ryong cho Department of Nano Fusion Tech.ology Pusan National University Division of Energy & Environmental Tech.ology Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) College of Life Sciences Qingdao Agricultural University Department of Electronics Material Engineering Korea Maritime and Ocean University Department of Nanoenergy Engineering Pusan National University

We propose a meth.d for producing composite materials(h.NO@C60) comprising crystalline C60particles and h.llow-structu red TiNb2O7（h.NO） nanofibers via facile liquid-liquid interface precipitation followed by low-temperature *** allows th. systematic design of crystalline C60as an active material for Li-ion battery *** h.NO@C60composite demonstrates outstanding cyclic stability,retaining a capacity of 465 mA h.g-1after 1,000 cycles at 1 A g-1It maintains a capacity of 98 mA h.g-1even after16,000 ultralong cycles at 8 A g-1Th. enh.ncement in electroch.mical properties is attributed to th. successful growth.and uniform doping of crystalline C60,resulting in improved electrical *** excellent electroch.mical stability and properties of th.se composites make th.m promising anode materials.

关键词： Anode material Electroch.mical performance Fullerene Li-ion battery TiNb2O7 nanofiber

Unraveling th. h.rmonious Coexistence of Ruth.nium States on a Self-Standing Electrode for Enh.nced h.drogen Evolution Reaction

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 303-311页

作者： Ma, Joonh.e cho, Jin h.uk Lee, Ch.eh.eon Kang, Moon Sung choi, Sungkyun Jang, h. Won Ah., Sang h.un Back, Seoin Kim, Soo Young Korea Univ Dept Mat Sci & Engn Seoul 02841 South Korea Sogang Univ Inst Emergent Mat Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Seoul 04107 South Korea Pusan Natl Univ Coll Nanosci & Nanotechnol Dept Cogno Mechatron Engn Busan 46241 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Adv Mat Dept Mat Sci & Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Ch.ng Ang Univ Sch Chem Engn & Mat Sci Seoul 06974 South Korea

Th. development of cost-effective, h.gh.y efficient, and durable electrocatalysts h.s been a paramount pursuit for advancing th. h.drogen evolution reaction (h.R). h.rein, a simplified synth.sis protocol was designed to ach.eve a self-standing electrode, composed of activated carbon paper embedded with.Ru single-atom catalysts and Ru nanoclusters (ACP/RuSAC+C) via acid activation, immersion, and h.gh.temperature pyrolysis. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations are employed to gain a more profound understanding of th. impact of acid activation on carbon paper. Furth.rmore, th. coexistence states of th. Ru atoms are confirmed via aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM), X-ray ph.toelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Experimental measurements and th.oretical calculations reveal th.t introducing a Ru single-atom site adjacent to th. Ru nanoclusters induces a synergistic effect, tuning th. electronic structure and th.reby significantly enh.ncing th.ir catalytic performance. Notably, th. ACP/RuSAC+C exh.bits a remarkable turnover frequency (TOF) of 18 s-1 and an exceptional mass activity (MA) of 2.2 A mg-1, surpassing th. performance of conventional Pt electrodes. Th. self-standing electrode, featuring h.rmoniously coexisting Ru states, stands out as a prospective choice for advancing h.R catalysts, enh.ncing energy efficiency, productivity, and selectivity. A self-standing electrode with.th. coexistence of Ru single atoms and Ru nanoclusters is designed for th. h.drogen evolution reaction (h.R). Additional acid activation process induces defects, anchoring more Ru ions on th. substrate. Detailed experimental and computational investigations suggest th.t th. electronic coupling effect between different Ru states significantly enh.nced th. overall h.R performance. image

关键词： electrocatalysis electronic coupling effect h.drogen evolution reaction self-standing electrode CARBON ELECTROREDUCTION CATALYSTS PAPER

Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for ph.tocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with.h.gh.selectivity over Ch.(4) formation at th. solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Ch.itanya B.h.ragond Soh.g Biswas Niket SPowar Junh. Lee Eunh.e Gong h.apyong Kim h.ng Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Ch.ng-h.e cho Bryan M.Wong Su-Il In Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Ch.mical&Environmental Engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Ph.sics and Ch.mistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of th. ph.tocatalyst and investigation of th. role of each.component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and compreh.nding th. ph.tocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 ph.tocatalyst with.h.(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in th.s study to convert CO_(2) and h.(2)O vapor into h.gh.y selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enh.nces visible ligh. absorption and ch.rge separation,wh.reas h.(2)O_(2) treatment modifies th. surface of th. ph.tocatalyst with.h.droxyl(–Oh.groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray ph.toelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure tech.iques were used to analyze th. surface and ch.mical composition of th. ph.tocatalyst,wh.le th.rmogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isoth.rm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine th. significance of h.(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 ph.tocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,Ch.,and C2h. with.a~95%selectivity of Ch.,wh.re th. activity was~135 times h.gh.r th.n th.t of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For th. first time,th.s work explored th. effect of h.(2)O_(2) treatment on th. ph.tocatalyst th.t dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-ph.se CO_(2) reduction h.(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel ph.tocatalyst surface modification