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characterization of Ion contents and Metabolic Responses to Salt Stress of Different Arabidopsis AtHKT1;1 Genotypes and Their Parental Strains

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 350-368页

作者： camilla B. hill Deepa Jha Antony Bacic Mark Tester Ute Roessner Australian centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Australian centre for Plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metabolomics Australia School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia ARc centre of Excellence in Plant cell Walls School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediat-ing ion fluxes by transmembrane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure by accumulating osmolytes. The HKT （high-affinity potassium transporter） gene family comprises Na^＋ and Na^＋/K^＋ transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1,1 as the only member in Arabidopsis thaliana. cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has been shown to prevent shoot Na^＋ overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a broad range of metabolites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains before and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metabolite differences between an AtHKT1;1 knockout line （hktl;1） and the AtHKT1;1 overex- pressing lines （E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 and J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1）. Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in both AtHKTI,1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmopro-tectants trehalose, gentiobiose, and melibiose, whereas J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hktl,1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarboxylic acid （TcA） cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carbon influx into the TcA cycle at a constant rate of c-efflux from the cycle, which might be needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations between the Na^＋ content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metabolism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.

关键词： abiotic stress salinity salt tolerance HKT sodium transporter, metabolomics enhancer trap system.

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Geographical Analysis of Lung cancer Mortality Rate and PM2.5 Using Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第6期5卷 183-197页

作者： Zhiyong Hu ethan Baker Department of Earth & Environmental Studies University of West Florida Pensacola USA

Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase risk of lung cancer. The repetitive and broad-area coverage of satellites may allow atmospheric remote sensing to offer a unique opportunity to monitor air quality and help fill air pollution data gaps that hinder efforts to study air pollution and protect public health. This geographical study explores if there is an association between PM2.5 and lung cancer mortality rate in the conterminous USA. Lung cancer (IcD-10 codes c34- c34) death count and population at risk by county were extracted for the period from 2001 to 2010 from the U.S. cDc WONDER online database. The 2001-2010 Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset was used to calculate a 10 year average PM2.5 pollution. Exploratory spatial data analyses, spatial regression (a spatial lag and a spatial error model), and spatially extended Bayesian Monte carlo Markov chain simulation found that there is a significant positive association between lung cancer mortality rate and PM2.5. The association would justify the need of further toxicological investigation of the biological mechanism of the adverse effect of the PM2.5 pollution on lung cancer. The Global Annual Average PM2.5 Grids from MODIS and MISR Aerosol Optical Depth dataset provides a continuous surface of concentrations of PM2.5 and is a useful data source for environmental health research.

关键词： Lung cancer PM2.5 Remote Sensing GIS Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Spatial Regression Bayesian McMc Simulation

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Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第4期10卷 212-222页

作者： R.Nicole Howie Samuel Herberg Emily Durham Zachary Grey Grace Bennfors Mohammed Elsalanty Amanda c.LaRue William D.hill James J.cray Oral Health Sciences Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA cellular Biology and Anatomy Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Oral Biology Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Orthopaedic Surgery Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Research Service of the Ralph H Johnson VA Medical center CharlestonSCUSA charlie Norwood VA Medical center AugustaGAUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine and cellular Biology CharlestonSCUSA Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNCUSA Division of Anatomy College of MedicineOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients’ ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with(10 mg·kg-1sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without(control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups:(a) empty/sham,(b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or(c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.

关键词： Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

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Reactivity,Regioselectivity,and Synthetic Application of 2-Pyrenyl Units in Scholl Reactions

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ccS chemistry 2023年第9期5卷 2069-2077页

作者： Sai Ho Pun ethan chi Ho Wen Zeming Xia Han chen Felix RFischer Qian Miao Department of chemistry The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Department of chemistry University of CologneCologne Department of chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute at the University of california Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet Division of ComputingData Scienceand SocietyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia 94720

We herein report the reactivity and regioselectivity of 2-pyrenyl as a coupling unit in Scholl *** the basis of the Scholl reactions of hexaarylbenzene substrates,we have found that pyrenyl units are preferably oxidized over naphthyl and phenyl units under appropriate Scholl reaction conditions,allowing divergent synthesis through a highly controllable intramolecular coupling *** find that the c1 and c3 positions of the 2-pyrenyl unit are the favorable sites for intramolecular coupling while c4 is not reactive to allow further *** reactivity and regioselectivity pattern can be explained by the spin density distribution,which shows that carbon-carbon bonds preferably form at sites with higher positive spin *** by these findings,we successfully synthesized a double helicene and a sextuple helicene through the controlled Scholl reactions of 2-pyrenyl units.

关键词： helicene polycyclic aromatics pyrene Scholl reactions spin density

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Efficient Vision Transformers for Autonomous Off-Road Perception Systems

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Journal of computer and communications 2024年第9期12卷 188-207页

作者： Max H. Faykus III Adam Pickeral ethan Marquez Melissa c. Smith Jon c. calhoun Holcombe Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The development of autonomous vehicles has become one of the greatest research endeavors in recent years. These vehicles rely on many complex systems working in tandem to make decisions. For practical use and safety reasons, these systems must not only be accurate, but also quickly detect changes in the surrounding environment. In autonomous vehicle research, the environment perception system is one of the key components of development. Environment perception systems allow the vehicle to understand its surroundings. This is done by using cameras, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), with other sensor systems and modalities. Deep learning computer vision algorithms have been shown to be the strongest tool for translating camera data into accurate and safe traversability decisions regarding the environment surrounding a vehicle. In order for a vehicle to safely traverse an area in real time, these computer vision algorithms must be accurate and have low latency. While much research has studied autonomous driving for traversing well-structured urban environments, limited research exists evaluating perception system improvements in off-road settings. This research aims to investigate the adaptability of several existing deep-learning architectures for semantic segmentation in off-road environments. Previous studies of two convolutional Neural Network (cNN) architectures are included for comparison with new evaluation of Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures for semantic segmentation. Our results demonstrate viability of ViT architectures for off-road perception systems, having a strong segmentation accuracy, lower inference speed and memory footprint compared to previous results with cNN architectures.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation Off-Road Vision Transformers cNNs Autonomous Driving

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Appropriate extent of surgery for aspirinexacerbated respiratory disease

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第4期6卷 235-240页

作者： ethan G.Muhonen Khodayar Goshtasbi Peter Papagiannopoulos Edward c.Kuan Department of Otolaryngolosy-Head and Neck Sursery University of CaliforniaIrvineUSA Department of Otolaryngolosy-Head and Neck Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA

The current literature lacks strong guidelines regarding surgical management of patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease(AERD),who present with the clinical triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis(cRSwNP),bronchial asthma,and aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug *** further define the effectiveness of sinus surgery in treating AERD patients,this review article discusses current evidence regarding outcomes associated with more extensive surgery,the benefits of frontal sinus surgery on polyposis,and the role of Draf III *** studies suggest that Draf III frontal sinusotomy may be an efficacious early intervention due to increased neo-ostial patency and subsequent distribution of topical *** studies that further investigate the efficacy and safety of extensive surgery in AERD patients are warranted.

关键词： Endoscopic sinus surgery Draf III Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease chronic sinusitis Nasal polyps Extent of surgery

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Group A streptococcal antigen exposed rat model to investigate neurobehavioral and cardiac complications associated with post-streptococcal autoimmune sequelae

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 151-161页

作者： Rukshan A.M.Rafeek catherine M.Lobbe ethan c.Wilkinson Adam S.Hamlin Nicholas M.Andronicos David J.McMillan Kadaba S.Sriprakash Natkunam Ketheesan School of Science&Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Science TechnologyEngineering and Genecology Research CentreUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore DCQLDAustralia QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute HerstonQLDAustralia

Background:The neuropsychiatric disorders due to post-streptococcal autoimmune complications such as Sydenham's chorea(Sc)are associated with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease(ARF/RHD).An animal model that exhibits char-acteristics of both cardiac and neurobehavioral defects in ARF/RHD would be an important adjunct for future *** age,gender,strain differences,and geno-types impact on the development of autoimmunity,we investigated the behavior of male and female Wistar and Lewis rat strains in two age cohorts(6 weeks and 12 weeks)under normal husbandry conditions and following exposure to group A streptococcus(GAS).Methods:Standard behavioral assessments were performed to determine the impair-ments in fine motor control(food manipulation test),gait and balance(beam walk-ing test),and obsessive-compulsive behavior(grooming and marble burying tests).Furthermore,electrocardiography,histology,and behavioral assessments were per-formed on male and female Lewis rats injected with GAS ***:For control Lewis rats there were no significant age and gender dependent differences in marble burying,food manipulation,beam walking and grooming *** contrast significant age-dependent differences were observed in Wistar rats in all the behavioral tests except for food ***,Lewis rats were selected for further experiments to determine the effect of *** ex-posure to GAS,Lewis rats demonstrated neurobehavioral abnormalities and cardiac pathology akin to Sc and ARF/RHD,***:We have characterised a new model that provides longitudinal stability of age-dependent behavior,to simultaneously investigate both neurobehavioral and cardiac abnormalities associated with post-streptococcal complications.

关键词： animal model group A streptococcus Lewis rats paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections(PANDAS) rheumatic fever rheumatic heart disease sydenham chorea(Sc)

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Integrative Multi-omics Analyses of Barley Rootzones under Salinity Stress Reveal Two Distinctive Salt Tolerance Mechanisms

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Plant communications 2020年第3期1卷 107-123页

作者： William Wing Ho Ho camilla B.hill Monika S.Doblin Megan c.Shelden Allison van de Meene Thusitha Rupasinghe Antony Bacic Ute Roessner School of BioSciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia La Trobe Institute for Agriculture&Food Department of AnimalPlant and Soil ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3086Australia ARc centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology School of AgricultureFood and WineUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia Metabolomics Australia The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

The mechanisms underlying rootzone-localized responses to salinity during early stages of barley development remain *** this study,we performed the analyses of multi-root-omes(transcriptomes,metabolomes,and lipidomes)of a domesticated barley cultivar(clipper)and a landrace(Sahara)that maintain and restrict seedling root growth under salt stress,*** generalized linear models were designed to determine differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and abundant metabolites(DAMs)specific to salt treatments,genotypes,or rootzones(meristematic Z1,elongation Z2,and maturation Z3).Based on pathway over-representation of the DEGs and DAMs,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis is the most statistically enriched biological pathway among all salinity responses *** with histological evidence,an intense salt-induced lignin impregnation was found only at stelic cell wall of clipper Z2,compared with a unique elevation of suberin deposition across Sahara *** suggests two differential salt-induced modulations of apoplastic flow between the *** on the global correlation network of the DEGs and DAMs,callose deposition that potentially adjusted symplastic flow in roots was almost independent of salinity in rootzones of clipper,and was markedly decreased in *** together,we propose two distinctive salt tolerance mechanisms in clipper(growth-sustaining)and Sahara(salt-shielding),providing important clues for improving crop plasticity to cope with deteriorating global soil salinization.

关键词： barley root transcriptomics metabolomics lipidomics omics integration salinity stress

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Dairy manure as a potential source of crop nutrients and environmental contaminants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第2期33卷 117-130页

作者： Danika hill Matthew J.Morra Thibault Stalder Sven Jechalke Eva Top Anne T.Pollard Inna Popova Department of Soil&water Systems University of IdahoID 83844-2340USA Department of Biology University of IdahoID 83844-3051USA Justus Liebig University Giessen Institute for Phytopathology35392 GieJenGermany

Although animal manure is applied to agricultural fields for its nutrient value,it may also contain potential *** determine the variability in such contaminants as well as in valuable nutrients,nine uncomposted manure samples from Idaho dairies collected during 2.5 years were analyzed for macro-and micro-nutrients,hormones,phytoestrogens,antibiotics,veterinary drugs,antibiotic resistance genes,and genetic elements involved in the spread of antibiotic *** N ranged from 6.8 to 30.7(c:N of 10 to 21),P from 2.4 to 9.0,and K from 10.2 to 47.7 g/kg ***(103-348 mg/kg)was more abundant than cu(56-127 mg/kg)in all *** were the most prevalent contaminants detected,with concentrations fluctuating over time,reflecting animal *** is the first study to document the presence of flunixin,a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,in solid stacked manure from regular dairy *** was the most frequently detected *** and sulfonamides were regularly *** also investigated the relative abundance of several types of plasmids involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance in clinical *** belonging to the Inc I,Inc P,and Inc Q1 incompatibility groups were found in almost all manure *** Q1 plasmids,class 1 integrons,and sulfonamide resistance genes were the most widespread and abundant genetic element surveyed,emphasizing their potential role in the spread of antibiotic *** benefits associated with amending agricultural soils with dairy manure must be carefully weighed against the potential negative consequences of any manure contaminants.

关键词： Manure Antibiotics Hormones Veterinary drugs Emerging contaminants

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coadministration of telaprevir and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatitis c virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第6期5卷 332-335页

作者： Harrys A Torres Parag Mahale ethan D Miller Thein H Oo catherine Frenette Ahmed O Kaseb Departments of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Departments of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Section of Benign Hematology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Liver Transplantation Weill Cornell Medical College The Methodist Hospital Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

The use of directacting antiviral agents (e.g. , telaprevir, boceprevir) has improved response rates in patients with hepatitis c virus (HcV) genotype 1 infections. Substantial number of drug-drug interactions are anticipated with the use of telaprevir, a cytochrome P450 3A and P-glycoprotein substrate and inhibitor. Herein we describe a patient with HcV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma treated simultaneously with a telaprevir-containing regimen and localized chemo-therapy (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) with doxorubicin. No clinically relevant interactions or adverse events developed while on antiviral therapy.

关键词： Hepatitis c virus cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization Telaprevir Interactions

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