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Avian sibling cannibalism: Hoopoe mothers regularly use their last hatched nestlings to feed older siblings

Zoological Research 2022年第2期43卷 265-274页

作者： Juan JoseSoler Manuel Martin-Vivaldi Sona Nuhlickova Cristina Ruiz-Castellano Monica Mazorra-Alonso ester martinez-renau Manfred Eckenfellner Jan Svetlik Herbert Hoi Departamento de Ecologia Funcional y Evolutiva Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas(EEZA-CSIC)Almeria E-04120Spain Unidad Asociada Coevolucion:Cucos Hospedadores y Bacterias SimbiontesUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain Departamento de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18003Spain Department of Ecology Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius UniversityBratislava SK-84215Slovakia Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology Department of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria

Sibling cannibalism is relatively common in nature,but its evolution in birds and certain other vertebrates with extended parental care had been discarded.Here,however,we demonstrate its regular occurrence in two European populations of the Eurasian hoopoe(Upupa epops)and explore possible adaptive and non-adaptive explanations.Results showed that sibling cannibalism was more frequently detected in Spain(51.7%)than in Austria(5.9%).In these two populations,the hoopoes laid similar clutch sizes,resulting in similar fledging production,but hatching failures were more frequent in the northern population.Consequently,having more nestlings condemned to die in the southern population may explain the higher incidence of sibling cannibalism.In accordance with this interpretation,hatching span and failure,but not breeding date,explained the probability of sibling cannibalism in the Spanish hoopoes,while all three variables predicted brood reduction intensity.Furthermore,experimental food supply reduced the probability of sibling cannibalism,but not the intensity of brood reduction.Finally,females allocated fewer resources to the smallest nestlings when they were going to starve,but not necessarily when they were going to be used as food for their siblings.These results suggest that hoopoes produce extra eggs that,in the case of reduced hatching failure and food scarcity,produce nestlings that are used to feed older siblings.These findings provide the first evidence that sibling cannibalism occurs regularly in a bird species,thus expanding our evolutionary understanding of clutch size,hatching asynchrony,parent-offspring conflict,infanticide,and sibling cannibalism in the animal kingdom.

关键词： Brood reduction Clutch size Hatching asynchrony Ice-box hypothesis Infanticide Siblicide Sibling hierarchy Upupa epops

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Time and Space Efficient Multi-Model Convolution Vision Transformer for Tomato Disease Detection from Leaf Images with Varied Backgrounds

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 117-142页

作者： Ankita Gangwar Vijaypal Singh Dhaka Geeta Rani Shrey Khandelwal ester Zumpano Eugenio Vocaturo Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipurIndia Department of IoT and Intelligent Systems Manipal University JaipurJaipurIndia Department of Computer Engineering ModellingElectronics and Systems(DIMES)University of CalabriaRende(Cosenza)Italy National Research Council Institute of Nanotechnology(NANOTEC)Rende(Cosenza)Italy

A consumption of 46.9 million tons of processed tomatoes was reported in 2022 which is merely 20%of the total consumption.An increase of 3.3%in consumption is predicted from 2024 to 2032.Tomatoes are also rich in iron,potassium,antioxidant lycopene,vitamins A,C and K which are important for preventing cancer,and maintaining blood pressure and glucose levels.Thus,tomatoes are globally important due to their widespread usage and nutritional value.To face the high demand for tomatoes,it is mandatory to investigate the causes of crop loss and minimize them.Diseases are one of the major causes that adversely affect crop yield and degrade the quality of the tomato fruit.This leads to financial losses and affects the livelihood of farmers.Therefore,automatic disease detection at any stage of the tomato plant is a critical issue.Deep learning models introduced in the literature show promising results,but the models are difficult to implement on handheld devices such as mobile phones due to high computational costs and a large number of parameters.Also,most of the models proposed so far work efficiently for images with plain backgrounds where a clear demarcation exists between the background and leaf region.Moreover,the existing techniques lack in recognizing multiple diseases on the same leaf.To address these concerns,we introduce a customized deep learning-based convolution vision transformer model.Themodel achieves an accuracy of 93.51%for classifying tomato leaf images with plain as well as complex backgrounds into 13 categories.It requires a space storage of merely 5.8 MB which is 98.93%,98.33%,and 92.64%less than stateof-the-art visual geometry group,vision transformers,and convolution vision transformermodels,respectively.Its training time of 44 min is 51.12%,74.12%,and 57.7%lower than the above-mentioned models.Thus,it can be deployed on(Internet of Things)IoT-enabled devices,drones,or mobile devices to assist farmers in the real-time monitoring of tomato crops.The periodicmonitoring promotes timely action to prev

关键词： Tomato disease transformer deep learning mobile devices

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Prospective study of hepatitis B and D epidemiology and risk factors in Romania:A 10-year update

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 640-649页

作者： Speranta Iacob Liana Gheorghe Mirela Onica Laura Huiban Corina Silvia Pop Ciprian Brisc Roxana Sirli Carmen ester Cristina Mihaela Brisc Sorina Diaconu Ion Rogoveanu Larisa Sandulescu Deiana Vuletici Anca Trifan Department of Gastroenterology Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Department of Gastroenterology Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saint Spiridon County HospitalIasi 700111Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology University Emergency Clinical HospitalBucharest 050098Romania Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of OradeaOradea 410087Romania Department of Gastroenterology Emergency County HospitalOradea 410169Romania Center for Advanced Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology“Victor Babeş”University of Medicine and PharmacyTimisoara 300041Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology TimişCounty Emergency Clinical Hospital"Pius Branzeu"Timisoara 300723Romania Department of Internal Medicine II and Gastroenterology University Emergency Clinical HospitalBucharest 050098Romania Department of Gastroenterology University of Medicine and PharmacyCraiova 200349Romania Department of Cardiology Emergency County HospitalCraiova 200642Romania Department of Gastroenterology Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Medicine and PharmacyCraiova 200349Romania Department of Gastroenterology Emergency County HospitalCraiova 200642Romania Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineGrigore T Popa University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania

BACKGROUND The global burden of hepatitis D virus(HDV)infection represents a major medical challenge and a public health crisis worldwide.However,there is a lack of accurate data on the epidemiology and risk factors for HDV.Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and HDV coinfection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis,leading to a higher cumulative incidence of liver-related events compared with HBV monoinfection,including the need for liver transplantation and death.AIM To investigate the epidemiology,natural history,risk factors and clinical management of HBV and HDV coinfection in Romanian patients.METHODS This prospective study was conducted between January and July 2022 in six tertiary gastroenterology and hepatology referral centres in Romania.All consecutive adults admitted for any gastroenterology diagnosis who were HBV-positive were enrolled.Patients with acute hepatitis or incomplete data were excluded.Of the 25390 individuals who presented with any type of gastroenterology diagnosis during the study period,963 met the inclusion criteria.Testing for anti-HDV antibodies and HDV RNA was performed for all participants.Demographic and risk factor data were collected by investigators using medical charts and patient questionnaires.All data were stored in an anonymized online database during the study.RESULTS The prevalence of HBV was 3.8%;among these patients,the prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection was 33.1%.The median age of the study population was 54.0 years,and it consisted of 55.1%men.A higher prevalence of HBV/HDV coinfection was observed in patients 50–69 years old.Patients with HBV/HDV coinfection were significantly older than those with HBV monoinfection(P=0.03).Multivariate multiple regression analysis identified female gender(P=0.0006),imprisonment(P<0.0001),older age at diagnosis(P=0.01)and sexual contact with persons with known viral hepatitis(P=0.0003)as significant risk factors for HDV.CONCLUSION This study shows that HDV infection among those with HBV remains endemic in Romania and updates our underst

关键词： Epidemiology Hepatitis B Hepatitis D Natural history Risk factors Romania

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The influence of reflections from the train body and the ground on the sound radiation from a railway rail

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Railway Sciences 2024年第1期3卷 1-17页

作者： David J.Thompson Dong Zhao Evangelos Ntotsios Giacomo Squicciarini ester Cierco Erwin Jansen Institute of Sound and Vibration Research University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Ingenierıa para el Control del Ruido SL BarcelonaSpain TNO Acoustics and Sonar Den HaagThe Netherlands

Purpose – The vibration of the rails is a significant source of railway rolling noise, often forming the dominantcomponent of noise in the important frequency region between 400 and 2000 Hz. The purpose of the paper is toinvestigate the influence of the ground profile and the presence of the train body on the sound radiation fromthe rail.Design/methodology/approach – Two-dimensional boundary element calculations are used, in which therail vibration is the source. The ground profile and various different shapes of train body are introduced in themodel, and results are observed in terms of sound power and sound pressure. Comparisons are also made withvibro-acoustic measurements performed with and without a train present.Findings – The sound radiated by the rail in the absence of the train body is strongly attenuated by shieldingdue to the ballast shoulder. When the train body is present, the sound from the vertical rail motion is reflectedback down toward the track where it is partly absorbed by the ballast. Nevertheless, the sound pressure at thetrackside is increased by typically 0–5 dB. For the lateral vibration of the rail, the effects are much smaller. Oncethe sound power is known, the sound pressure with the train present can be approximated reasonably well withsimple line source directivities.Originality/value – Numerical models used to predict the sound radiation from railway rails have generallyneglected the influence of the ground profile and reflections from the underside of the train body on the soundpower and directivity of the rail. These effects are studied in a systematic way including comparisons with measurements.

关键词： Rolling noise Sound radiation Railway track Boundary elements Ground reflections Directivity

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Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Roure Sílvia Vallès Xavier Pérez-Quílez Olga López-Mu?oz Israel Chamorro Anna Abad Elena Valerio Lluís Soldevila Laura Espa?a Sergio Hegazy Alaa H. A. Fernández-Rivas Gema Gorriz ester Herena Dolores Oliveira Mário Miralles Maria Carme Conde Carmen Montero-Alia Juan José Fernández-Pedregal Elia Miranda-Sánchez Jose Llibre Josep M. Isnard Mar Bonet Josep Maria Estrada Oriol Prat Núria Clotet Bonaventura The Schisto-Stop study group Primary Health Care Unit Mataró-(Rocafonda-Palau) Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Camí Ral el Ravalet Mataró Barcelona Spain Barcelona North Metropolitan Primary Care Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Ctra. de Barcelona Sabadell Barcelona Spain Directorate for Innovation and Interdisciplinary Cooperation Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Directorate Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain International Health Program (PROSICS) Barcelona North Metropolitan Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases Catalan Institute for Health CAP La Salut Passatge dels Encants S/N Badalona Spain Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Department Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Microbiology Department Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Department of Genetics and Microbiology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Faculty of Medicine University of Asyut El Fateh Assiut Governorate Egypt Department of Urology Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Canovelles Primary Health Care Unit Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Indústria Canovelles Spain

Background Schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently imported to Europe. Male urogenital manifestations are often neglected. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and symptoms among long-term African migrants in a non-endemic European country using a serology test.Methods We carried out a prospective, community-based cross-sectional study of adult male migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain.Schistosoma serology tests and microscopic urine examinations were carried out, and clinical data were obtained from an electronic medical record search and a structured questionnaire.Results We included 388 adult males, mean age 43.5 years [Standard Deviation (SD) = 12.0, range: 18–76]. The median time since migration to the European Union was 17 [Interquartile range (IQR): 11–21] years. The most frequent country of origin was Senegal (N = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive forSchistosoma. Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%. Nine genitourinary clinical items were significantly associated with positiveSchistosoma serology results: pelvic pain (45.2%;OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%;OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5), dyspareunia (12.4%;OR = 2.45, 95%CI: 1.2–5.2), erectile dysfunction (9.5%;OR = 3.10, 95%CI: 1.3–7.6), self-reported episodes of infertility (32.1%;OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.0–2.8), haematuria (55.2%;OR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.5–3.6), dysuria (52.1%;OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndromic STIs (5.4%), and orchitis (20.7%;OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to cluster.Conclusions Urogenital clinical signs and symptoms are prevalent among male African long-term migrants with a positiveSchistosoma serology results. Genital involvement can be frequent even among those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to chronic schistosomiasis.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Chronic schistosomiasis Urogenital schistosomiasis Male genital schistosomiasis Longterm migrant

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The translational revolution in atopic dermatitis:the paradigm shift from pathogenesis to treatment

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第5期20卷 448-474页

作者： Paola Facheris Jane Jeffery ester Del Duca Emma Guttman-Yassky Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Department of DermatologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Humanitas Clinical and Research Center Department of DermatologyRozzanoMilanoItaly Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNCUSA Department of Dermatology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA.

Atopic dermatitis(AD)is the most common inflammatory skin disease,and it is considered a complex and heterogeneous condition.Different phenotypes of AD,defined according to the patient age at onset,race,and ethnic background;disease duration;and other disease characteristics,have been recently described,underlying the need for a personalized treatment approach.Recent advancements in understanding AD pathogenesis resulted in a real translational revolution and led to the exponential expansion of the therapeutic pipeline.The study of biomarkers in clinical studies of emerging treatments is helping clarify the role of each cytokine and immune pathway in AD and will allow addressing the unique immune fingerprints of each AD subset.Personalized medicine will be the ultimate goal of this targeted translational research.In this review,we discuss the changes in the concepts of both the pathogenesis of and treatment approach to AD,highlight the scientific rationale behind each targeted treatment and report the most recent clinical efficacy data.

关键词： Atopic dermatitis translational revolution biomarkers eczema

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Liaison between natural killer cells and dendritic cells in human gestation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第5期11卷 449-455页

作者： ester Leno-Duran Instituto de Biopatologfa y Medicina Regenerativa Centro de Investigaci6n Biomedica Universidad de Granada Armilla Granada Spain Instituto deParasitologfa y Biomedicina 'Lopez Neyra' Centro superior de investigaciones cientfficas Armilla Granada spain Hospital Universitario San Cecilio Granada Spain Medicine University of Berlin Charit6 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology Berlin Germany These authors contributed equally to this work.

A successful pregnancy relies on immunological adaptations that allow the fetus to grow and develop in the uterus, despite being recognized by maternal immune cells. Among several immunocompetent cell types present within the human maternal/fetal interface, DC-SIGN~ dendritic cells （DCs） and CD56＋ natural killer （NK） cells are of major importance for early pregnancy maintenance, not only generating maternal immunological tolerance but also regulating stromal cell differentiation. Previous reports show the presence of NK-DC cell conjugates in first trimester human decidua, suggesting that these cells may play a role in the modulation of the local immune response within the uterus. While effective immunity is necessary to protect the mother from harmful pathogens, some form of tolerance must be activated to avoid an immune response against fetal antigens. This review article discusses current evidence concerning the functions of DC and NK cells in pregnancy and their liaison in human decidua.

关键词： cross-talk dendritic cells natural killer cells pregnancy

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Disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss estimation in MaizeCrop using deep learning

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 276-291页

作者： Nidhi Kundu Geeta Rani Vijaypal Singh Dhaka Kalpit Gupta Siddaiah Chandra Nayaka Eugenio Vocaturo ester Zumpano Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipurIndia ICAR DOS in Biotechnology University of Mysore ManasagangotriMysore 570005India DIMES(Department of Computer Engineering ModelingElectronics and Systems)University of CalabriaItaly Nanotec Italian National Research Council87036 RendeCSItaly

The increasing gap between the demand and productivity of maize crop is a point of concern for the food industry,and farmers.Its'susceptibility to diseases such as Turcicum Leaf Blight,and Rust is a major cause for reducing its production.Manual detection,and classification of these diseases,calculation of disease severity,and crop loss estimation is a time-consuming task.Also,it requires expertise in disease detection.Thus,there is a need to find an alternative for automatic disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss estimation.The promising results of machine learning,and deep learning algorithms in pattern recognition,object detection,and data analysis motivate researchers to employ these techniques for disease detection,classification,and crop loss estimation in maize crop.The research works available in literature,have proven their potential in automatic disease detection using machine learning,and deep learning models.But,there is a lack none of these works a reliable and real-life labelled dataset for training these models.Also,none of the existing works focus on severity prediction,and crop loss estimation.The authors in this manuscript collect the real-life dataset labelled by plant pathologists.They propose a deep learning-based framework for pre-processing of dataset,automatic disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss estimation.It uses the K-Means clustering algorithm for extracting the region of interest.Next,they employ the customized deep learning model‘MaizeNet’for disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss estimation.The model reports the highest accuracy of 98.50%.Also,the authors perform the feature visualization using the Grad-CAM.Now,the proposed model is integrated with a web application to provide a userfriendly interface.The efficacy of the model in extracting the relevant features,a smaller number of parameters,low training time,high accuracy favors its importance as an assisting tool for plant pathology experts.The copyright for the associated web application‘

关键词： Disease detection Crop loss Severity Deep learning Maize

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Hepatocellular carcinoma,hepatitis C virus infection and miRNA involvement:Perspectives for new therapeutic approaches

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第22期28卷 2417-2428页

作者： ester Badami Rosalia Busà Bruno Douradinha Giovanna Russelli Vitale Miceli Alessia Gallo Giovanni Zito Pier Giulio Conaldi Gioacchin Iannolo Regenerative Medicine and Immunotherapy Area Fondazione Ri.MEDPalermo 90127Italy Department of Research Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies(IRCCS-ISMETT)Palermo 90127Italy

Chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is the principal etiology of cirrhosis and,ultimately,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).At present,approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with HCV,and 10%–20%of these are expected to develop severe liver complications throughout their lifetime.Scientific evidence has clearly shown the causal association between miRNAs,HCV infection and HCC.Although it is not completely clear whether miRNA dysregulation in HCC is the cause or the consequence of its development,variations in miRNA patterns have been described in different liver diseases,including HCC.Many studies have analyzed the importance of circulating miRNAs and their effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis.In this Review,we aim to summarize current knowledge on the association between miRNA,HCV and HCC from a diagnostic point of view,and also the potential implications for therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma miRNA Liver Hepatitis C virus miRNAs Directacting antivirals Extracellular vesicles Transplantation

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Inflammatory bowel disease in travelers:Choosing the right vaccines and check-ups

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第22期17卷 2708-2714页

作者： Maria Esteve Carme Loras ester García-Planella Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa Fundació per la Recerca Mútua de Terrassa University of Barcelona Terrassa Catalonia 08221 Spain Department of Gastroenterology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau Barcelona Catalonia 08193 Spain

The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) achieve good control of the inflammatory activity using available therapies. When remission is achieved and quality of life recovered, a considerable proportion of IBD patients express their desire to travel abroad, be it for business, academic or leisure purposes. Their physicians should help and encourage them whenever possible. However, preventive measures are warranted to minimize the risk, since IBD patients are exposed to the same infections affecting the general population, plus opportunistic infections (OI) related to the immunosuppression. There are a large number of potential OI that might affect patients with IBD. The true prevalence of these infections is unknown, and can vary from country to country. Therefore, reactivation or de novo acquisition of infections such as tuberculosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis will be much more frequent in endemic areas. Therefore, physicians should beaware of these aspects when planning specific preventive measures for patients traveling to a particular country. This includes good control of environmental exposure, chemoprophylaxis when indicated, and the use of a specific vaccination program to prevent endemic infections. In addition, it should be noted that, though the risk of acquiring an infectious disease is probably greater for IBD patients traveling from a developed to a developing country, the inverse situation can also occur; it depends on the previous acquired immunity of the host against infections in any particular environment.

关键词：疫苗接种旅行者炎症鸡传染性法氏囊病药物预防肠环境接触病毒性肝炎

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