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Earthworms promote greater richness and abundance in the emergence of plant species across a grassland-forest ecotone

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 703-711页

作者： Julia Clause Sébastien Barot estelle forey Ecodiv URA/EA-1293 Normandie UniversitéUniversitéde RouenIRSTEASFR Scale 4116UFR Sciences et Techniques76821 Mont Saint Aignan CedexFrance Centre de Formation sur l'Environnement et la Société(CERES) Ecole Normale Supérieure24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris Cedex 5France IRD-iEES Paris 7quai St Bernard75230 Paris Cedex 05France

Aims Chalk grasslands are subject to vegetation dynamics that range from species-rich open grasslands to tall and encroached grasslands,and woods and *** grasslands,earthworms impact plant communities and ecosystem functioning through the modification of soil physical,chemical and microbiological properties,but also through their selective ingestion and vertical transportation of seeds from the soil seed *** experiments showed that seed-earthworm interactions are species specific,but little is known on the impact of seed-earthworm interactions in the *** overall aim of this study was to better understand seed-earthworm interactions and their impact on the plant *** we analyzed the composition of seedlings emerging from casts after earthworm *** we compared seedling composition in casts to the plant composition of emerging seedlings from the soil and of the aboveground vegetation along four stages of the secondary succession of chalk *** Four stages of the secondary succession of a chalk grassland—from open sward to woods—were sampled in Upper Normandy,France,in February *** each successional stage(×3 replicates),we sampled the standing vegetation,soil seed bank at three soil depths(0-2,2-5 and 5-10 cm)and earthworm surface casts along *** and cast samples were water sieved before samples were spread onto trays and placed into a *** seedlings were counted and *** of successional stage and origin of samples on mean and variability of abundance and species richness of seedlings emerging from casts and soil seed banks were *** compositions were compared between all sample *** used generalized mixed-effect models and a distance-based redundancy multivariate *** Findings Seedling abundance was always higher in earthworm casts than in the soil seed bank and increased up to 5-fold,4-fold and 3.5-fold,respectively,in the tall grasslan

关键词： aboveground-belowground interactions earthworm casts seedling emergence secondary succession seed bank

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Multi-scale phylogenetic structure in coastal dune plant communities across the globe

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 101-114页

作者： Ane Kirstine Brunbjerg Jeannine Cavender-Bares Wolf L.Eiserhardt Rasmus Ejrnæs Lonnie W.Aarssen Hannah L.Buckley estelle forey Florian Jansen Jens Kattge Cynthia Lane Roy A.Lubke Angela T.Moles Ana Laura Monserrat Robert K.Peet Julissa Roncal Louise Wootton Jens-Christian Svenning Ecoinformatics&Biodiversity Group Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114DK-8000 Aarhus C.Denmark Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenaavej 14DK-8410 RøndeDenmark Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of Minnesota1987 Upper Buford CircleFalcon HeightsMN 55108USA Department of Biology Queens University116 Barrie StreetKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Department of Ecology Lincoln UniversityPO Box 84Canterbury 7647New Zealand Laboratoire d’Ecologie EA 1293 ECODIVFED SCALEUFR Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéde Rouen76821 Mont Saint Aignan CedexFrance Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology Soldmannstr.1517487 GreifswaldGermany Functional Biogeography Research Group Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryHans Knoell Str.1007745 JenaThuringiaGermany Lake Lily Ecology Ltd.PO Box 8455CanmoreAB T1W 2V2Canada Department of Botany Rhodes UniversityPO Box 94GrahamstownEast Cape 6140South Africa Evolution&Ecology Research Centre School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesBotany RoadKensingtonSydneyNew South Wales 2034Australia Grupo de Investigación en Sistemas Ambientales Complejos Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de FloresPedernera 275Ciudad de Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599-3280USA Department of Biology Memorial University of Newfoundland232 Elizabeth AvenueSt.John'sNL A1B 3X9Canada Department of Biology Georgian Court University900 Lakewood AvenueLakewoodNJ 08701USA

Aims Studies integrating phylogenetic history and large-scale community assembly are few,and many questions remain ***,we use a global coastal dune plant data set to uncover the important factors in community assembly across scales from the local filtering processes to the global long-term diversification and dispersal *** dune plant communities occur worldwide under a wide range of climatic and geologic conditions as well as in all biogeographic ***,global patterns in the phylogenetic composition of coastal dune plant communities have not previously been *** The data set comprised vegetation data from 18463 plots in New Zealand,South Africa,South America,North America and *** phylogenetic tree comprised 2241 plant species from 149 *** calculated phylogenetic clustering(Net Relatedness Index,NRI,and Nearest Taxon Index,NTI)of regional dune floras to estimate the amount of in situ diversification relative to the global dune species pool and evaluated the relative importance of land and climate barriers for these diversification patterns by geographic analyses of phylogenetic *** then tested whether dune plant communities exhibit similar patterns of phylogenetic structure within ***,we calculated NRI for local communities relative to the regional species pool and tested for an association with functional traits(plant height and seed mass)thought to vary along sea–inland *** Findings Regional species pools were phylogenetically clustered relative to the global pool,indicating regional *** showed stronger clustering than NRI pointing to the importance of especially recent diversifications within *** species pools grouped phylogenetically into two clusters on either side of the tropics suggesting greater dispersal rates within hemispheres than between *** NRI plot values confirmed that most communities were also phylogenetically clus

关键词： disturbance phylogenetic community structure plant functional traits plant height seed mass

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