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Effects of cropland abandonment and afforestation on soil redistribution in a small Mediterranean mountain catchment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 339-352页

作者： Makki Khorchani Leticia Gaspar estela nadal-romero Jose Arnaez Teodoro Lasanta Ana Navas Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia(IPE CSIC)Campus de Aula DeiAvda.Montanana100550059ZaragozaSpain School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA Estacion Experimental Aula Dei(EEAD CSIC)Campus de Aula DeiAvda.Montanana100550059ZaragozaSpain University of La Rioja DCHPhysical GeographyLogronioSpain

In slopes of Mediterranean mid-mountain areas,land use and land cover changes linked to the aban-donment of cropland activity affect soil quality and degradation and soil redistribution;however,limited attention has been paid to this issue at catchment *** paper evaluates the effects of cropland abandonment and post-land abandonment management(through natural revegetation and afforesta-tion)on soil redistribution rates using fallout ^(137)Cs measurements in the Araguás catchment(0.45 km^(2),Central Spanish Pyrenees).A total of 52 soil core samples,distributed in a regular grid,from the first 30-40 cm and 9 sectioned reference samples were collected across the catchment and soil properties were *** ^(137)Cs was measured in a 5 cm sectioned references samples and in bulk grid samples.^(137)Cs inventories were used to estimate soil erosion and deposition rates across the *** show that the highest erosion rates were recorded under sparsely vegetated sites in the badland area,while the lowest rates were found in the afforested area,but no significant differences were observed between the different uses and covers in soil redistribution rates likely due to a long history of human intervention through cultivation in steep slopes and afforestation ***,the recovery of the soil organic matter in afforested areas suggest that afforestation can reduce soil degradation at long-term *** information gained achieve a better understanding of soil redistribution dynamics and provide knowledge for effective land management after cropland abandonment of agroecosystems in Mediter-ranean mountain areas.

关键词： Land use and land cover changes Caesium 137 Erosion and deposition rates Afforestation Mediterranean mountain areas

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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS M.estela PONCE Paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Biomass gasification,catalytic technologies and energy integration for production of circular methanol:New horizons for industry decarbonisation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 306-318页

作者： Luis F.Bobadilla Lola Azancot Miriam González-Castañ estela Ruíz-López Laura Pastor-Pérez Francisco J.Durán-Olivencia Runping Ye Katie Chong Paula HBlanco-Sánchez Zenthao Wu Tomás R.Reina JoséA.Odriozola Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de SevillaAvda.Américo Vespucio 49Sevilla 41092Spain Departamento de Ingeniería Universidad Loyola AndalucíaAvda.de Las Universidades s/nSevilla 41704Spain Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute(EBRI) Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUnited Kingdom

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)recognises the pivotal role of renewable energies in the future energy system and the achievement of the zero-emission *** implementation of renewables should provide major opportunities and enable a more secure and decentralised energy supply *** fuels provide long-term solutions for the transport sector,particularly for applications where fuels with high energy density are *** addition,it helps reducing the carbon footprint of these sectors in the *** on biomass characteristics feedstock is essential for scaling-up gasification from the laboratory to *** review deals with the transformation biogenic residues into a valuable bioenergy carrier like biomethanol as the liquid sunshine based on the combination of modified mature technologies such as gasification with other innovative solutions such as membranes and microchannel *** abatement is a critical process in product gas upgrading since tars compromise downstream processes and equipment,for this,membrane technology for upgrading syngas quality is discussed in this *** reactor technology with the design of state-of-the-art multifunctional catalysts provides a path to develop decentralised biomethanol synthesis from biogenic ***,the development of a process chain for the production of(i)methanol as an intermediate energy carrier,(ii)electricity and(iii)heat for decentralised applications based on biomass feedstock flexible gasification,gas upgrading and methanol synthesis is analysed.

关键词： Biogenic residues Gasification Biomethanol Circular Economy Microreactors

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PM_(2.5) chemical composition and health risks by inhalation near a chemical complex

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 860-874页

作者： Celia Alves Margarita Evtyugina estela Vicente Ana Vicente Ismael Casotti Rienda Ana Sanchez de la Campa Mario Tome Iola Duarte Department of Environment Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM)University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva“Atmospheric Pollution” Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry-CIQSOUniversity of HuelvaE21071 HuelvaSpain Department of Mining MechanicEnergetic and Construction EngineeringETSIUniversity of Huelva21071 HuelvaSpain PROMETHEUS School of Technology and Management(ESTG)Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo4900-348 Viana do CasteloPortugal Department of Chemistry CICECO-Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in the vicinity of an industrial chemical pole and analysed for organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC),47 trace elements and around 150 organic *** average,OC and EC accounted for 25.2% and 11.4% of the PM_(2.5) mass,*** compounds comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),alkylated PAHs,anhydrosugars,phenolics,aromatic ketones,glycerol derivatives,aliphatic alcohols,sterols,and carboxyl groups,including aromatic,carboxylic and dicarboxylic *** factors>100 were obtained for Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu,Sn,B,Se,Bi,Sb and Mo,showing the contribution of industrial emissions and nearby major *** component analysis revealed that vehicle,industrial and biomass burning emissions accounted for 66%,11% and 9%,respectively,of the total PM_(2.5)-bound *** of the detected organic constituents are likely associated with plasticiser ingredients and thermal stabilisers used in the manufacture of PVC and other plastics in the industrial *** products of both anthropogenic(e.g.,toluene)and biogenic(e.g.,isoprene and pinenes)precursors were also *** was estimated that biomass burning accounted for 13.8%of the PM_(2.5) concentrations and that secondary OC represented 37.6% of the total *** lifetime cancer risk from inhalation exposure to PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was found to be negligible,but it exceeded the threshold of 10−6 for metal(loi)s,mainly due to Cr and As.

关键词： PM_(2.5) OC/EC Organic speciation Trace elements Cancer and non-cancer risks

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In vitro toxicity of particulate matter emissions from residential pellet combustion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 215-226页

作者： estela D.Vicente Daniela Figueiredo Catia Goncalves Isabel Lopes Helena Oliveira Nora Kovats Teresa Pinheiro Celia A.Alves Department of Environment and Planning and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Department of Biology and CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Centre of Natural Environmental Sciences University of PannoniaEgyetem str.108200 VeszpremHungary Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociencias Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias NuclearesInstituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal

Particulate matter emissions(PM10)from the combustion,in a residential stove,of two com-mercial brands of certified(ENplus A1)pellets,a non-certified brand and laboratory made pellets of acacia were tested for their ability to induce ecotoxic,cytotoxic,and mutagenic re-sponses in unicellular organisms and a human cell *** was evaluated through the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition ***,cytotoxicity was assessed at two time points(24-and 48-hr)through two complementary techniques in order to evaluate the cellular metabolic activity and membrane integrity of human lung epithelial cells *** Ames test using two Salmonella typhimurium strains(TA100 and TA98)was employed to assess the mutagenic potential of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the PM10 *** obtained with the bioluminescent bacteria indicated that only particles from the combustion of acacia pellets were *** samples induced im-pairment on the A549 cells metabolic activity,while no significant release of lactate dehy-drogenase was ***10 emissions from acacia pellets were the most cytotoxic,while samples from both certified pellets evoked significant cytotoxicity at lower ***-icity time-dependency was only observed for PM10 from the combustion of acacia pellets and one of the brands of certified *** activity was not detected in both *** murium *** study emphasises the role of the raw material for pellet manu-facturing on the toxicological profile of PM *** raw materials should be deeply investigated before their use in pelletisation and combustion in residential appli-ances.

关键词： Ecotoxicity Cytotoxicity Mutagenicity Fuel quality Pellet combustion PM10 emissions

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Genetic variables of the glutamatergic system associated with treatment-resistant depression:A review of the literature

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 884-896页

作者： estela Saez Leire Erkoreka Teresa Moreno-Calle Belen Berjano Ana Gonzalez-Pinto Nieves Basterreche Aurora Arrue Department of Psychiatry Barrualde-Galdakao Integrated Health OrganizationOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceGaldakao 48960Spain Mental Health Network Group Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo 48903Spain Department of Neurosciences University of the Basque Country UPV/EHULeioa 48940Spain Department of Psychiatry Araba Integrated Health OrganizationOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceCIBERSAMVitoria-Gasteiz 01004Spain Severe Mental Disorders Group Bioaraba Health Research InstituteVitoria-Gasteiz 01009Spain Zamudio Hospital Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceZamudio 48170Spain Integrative Research Group in Mental Health Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldo 48903Spain Neurochemical Research Unit Bizkaia Mental Health NetworkOsakidetza-Basque Health ServiceBarakaldo 48903Spain

Depression is a common,recurrent mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability and global burden of disease *** to 15%-40%of cases do not respond to diverse pharmacological treatments and,thus,can be defined as treatment-resistant depression(TRD).The development of biomarkers predictive of drug response could guide us towards personalized and earlier *** evidence points to the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathogenesis of ***,the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor(NMDAR)andα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor(AMPAR),which are targeted by ketamine and esketamine,are proposed as promising pathways.A literature search was performed to identify studies on the genetics of the glutamatergic system in depression,focused on variables related to NMDARs and *** review highlights GRIN2B,which encodes the NR2B subunit of NMDAR,as a candidate gene in the pathogenesis of *** addition,several studies have associated genes encoding AMPAR subunits with symptomatic severity and suicidal *** genes encoding glutamatergic receptors could,therefore,be candidate genes for understanding the etiopathogenesis of TRD,as well as for understanding the pharmacodynamic mechanisms and response to ketamine and esketamine treatment.

关键词： Genetics N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor Treatment-resistant depression Ketamine Esketamine

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Vitamin B12-induced spermatogenesis recovery in cimetidine-treated rats： effect on the spermatogonia number and sperm concentration

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第5期19卷 567-572页

作者： Flavia L Beltrame estela Sasso-Cerri Department of Morphology and Genetics Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM) Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Morphology Laboratory f Histology and Embryology Dental School - Sao Paulo State University (UNESP/FOAr) Araraquara Sao Paulo Brazil

The H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine is an antiulcer drug also used for the treatment of cancer due to its antiangiogenic effect. However, this drug has caused structural changes in the seminiferous tubules. Vitamin B12 has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of male infertility. The supplementation of rats with vitamin B12 during cimetidine treatment has recovered the damaged seminiferous tubules, but how this vitamin restores the seminiferous epithelium has not been clarified. In this study, we evaluated whether vitamin B12 improves the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and sperm concentration in cimetidine-treated rats. Adult male rats were treated for 50 days as follows： cimetidine group received 100 mg kg^-1 b.w. of cimetidine, cimetidine-B12 group received cimetidine and 3 μg of vitamin B12-hydroxocobalamin, B12 group received only 3 μg of vitamin, and control group received saline. Sperm concentration was calculated and historesin-embedded testes sections were used for the quantitative analyses of spermatogonia （A; In/B） and spermatocytes. TUNEL method and PCNA immunofluorescence were performed. Cimetidine caused a significant reduction in sperm concentration. TUNEL-positive spermatogonia and spermatocytes were correlated to a significant reduction in the number of these cells. In cimetidine-B12 group, sperm concentration was higher than cimetidine group and a significant increase in the number of spermatogonia （stages Ⅱ-Ⅵ） was correlated to a high incidence of PCNA-immunolabeled spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The results show that the supplementation of rats with vitamin B12 during cimetidine treatment increases sperm concentration and exerts a potential effect in the recovery of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.

关键词： cimetidine fertility spermatogenesis testis vitamin B12

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Cattle change plant reproductive phenology,promoting community changes in a post-fire Nothofagus forest in northern Patagonia,Argentina

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第6期6卷 459-467页

作者： Manuel de Paz estela Raffaele Laboratorio Ecotono INIBIOMACONICET-Universidad Nacional del ComahueQuintral 1250San Carlos de BarilocheRio Negro 8400Argentina

Aims Variations in rates and length of flowering and fruiting not only affect the reproduction of a given plant species but also the behavior and reproduction of associated *** and fruiting variations may be influenced by herbivory,especially by large *** aim of this study was to determine the effects of cattle browsing on the reproductive phenology of understory species in a subalpine post-fire Nothofagus forest in *** The effects of herbivory on plant reproductive phenology were studied in a set of experimental exclosures(fenced plots)installed since 2001 in a post-fire *** forest,located in Nahuel Huapi National Park(NHNP),*** monitored the beginning and duration of each reproductive phenological stage:floral bud,open flower,immature fruit and mature *** also counted the number of flowers,fruits,seeds and viable seeds of the dominant plants to assess whether browsing modifies temporal patterns of the flowering and fruiting *** Findings Cattle reduced the total number of species flowering and fruiting and changed the reproductive phenology of some *** found that palatable species seem to be negatively affected by browsing in terms of reduced fitness due to changes in flowering and fruiting *** contrast,cattle benefitted the reproduction of non-palatable species and could promote the invasion of shade-intolerant exotic forbs such as Cirsium *** effects of livestock reported in this study are important to understanding how browsing could alter native species establishment and possibly alter successional trajectories during recolonization after fire.

关键词： plant fitness livestock browsing flowering fruiting

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Microglia-precursor cell interactions in health and in pathology

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BIOCELL 2018年第2期42卷 41-45页

作者： estela M.MUÑOZ Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr.Mario H.Burgos(IHEM) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo(UNCuyo)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)MendozaArgentina

Until recently,microglia were mainly known as the resident phagocytes of the brain,***‘immunological warriors’of the ***,extensive knowledge is being accumulated about the functions of microglia beyond ***,it is well accepted that microglial cells are highly dynamic and responsive,and that they intervene in a dual manner in many developmental processes that shape the central nervous system,including neurogenesis,gliogenesis,spatial patterning,synaptic formation and elimination,and neural circuit establishment and *** differentiation and the pool of precursor cells were also shown to be under microglia regulation via bidirectional *** this concise review,I discuss our recent work in microglia-Pax6+cell interactions in one of the circumventricular organs,the pineal *** analogy with the rest of the central nervous system is also *** addition,I briefly examine mechanisms of interaction between microglia and non-microglial cells in both health and *** avenues are also introduced,which may lead us to better comprehend the impact of microglia in physiological and pathological conditions.

关键词： Phagocyte Phagocytosis Phagoptosis Apoptosis Autophagy

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Effects of Welding Procedure on Corrosion Resistance and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel Deposits

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2013年第12期20卷 124-132页

作者： Zappa Sebastián Surian estela Svoboda Hernán Research Secretariat Faculty of EngineeringNational University of Lomas de Zamora DEYTEMA-Development and Technology of Materials Centre Regional Faculty San NicolásNational Technological University Materials and Structures Laboratory INTECINFaculty of EngineeringNational University of Buenos Aires CONICET-National Scientific and Technical Research Council

The effects of shielding gas and post weld heat treatment on the pitting resistance, stress corrosion crack- ing and hydrogen embrittlement of supermartensitic stainless steel deposits were studied. Two all-weld-metal test coupons were prepared using a metal-cored wire under Ar＋ 5% He and Ar＋18%CO2 gas shielding mixtures. Solubi- lizing and solubilizing plus double tempering heat treatments were done with the objective of achieving different mi crostructural results, The samples welded under Ar＋5% He showed higher pitting corrosion resistance, for all post weld heat treatments, than those welded under Ar＋18% CO2. The different post weld heat treatments generated higher susceptibility to this corrosion mechanism. None of the samples presented signs of stress corrosion cracking, but in those subjected to the heat treatment, grain boundary selective attack was observed, on the surfaces of all the samples studied. The samples with highest hardness were more susceptible to hydrogen damage, thereby leading to reduced tensile strength on this condition.

关键词： supermartensitic stainless steel shielding gas post weld heat treatment corrosion hydrogen embrittle ment

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