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Manufacturing Technique and nutritive Value of Soumbara (Parkia biglobosa Seeds) and Dark Seed of Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第10期12卷 1673-1686页

作者： Ahon Gnamien Marcel Alla Kouadio Théodore Bakayoko Losséni Amoikon Kouakou ernest Institut Pédagogique national de l’Enseignement Technique et Professionnel (IPnETP) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de nutrition et Pharmacologie UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Soumbara is produced in an artisanal way. This product has a relatively strong odor that is not appreciated by some consumers in Côte d'Ivoire. From surveys of women and consumers, the manufacturing technique and the motivations for consumption of soumbara were revealed. For the chemical composition, the average water content is 13.33 ± 1.52 g/100 g MF, the average value of the ash content is 4 ± 0 g/100 g MS. The total protein and lipid levels are 16.37 ± 0.71 g/100 g DM and 21.55 ± 0.46 g/100 g DM respectively. Total carbohydrates, starch and total sugars are respectively 44.33 ± 1.46 g/100 g DM, 39.82 ± 32 g/100 g DM and 0.08 ± 0.01 mg glucose /mL. Concerning the phytochemical composition, the total polyphenols and total flavonoids have respectively contents of 2.74 ± 0.01 mg Eq AG mL of extract, and 0.82 ± 0.01 mg Eq Quer/mL of extract. The study notes that the iron and potassium contents are the most important with respectively 344.43 ± 1.20 μg/g and 174.5 ± 2.71 mg/g. The consumption survey revealed that soumbara produced in Côte d’Ivoire is relatively more consumed (55.77%) than that produced in other countries (44.23%). This artisanal product is appreciated for its taste (50.97%) and its therapeutic character (37.5%) in the form of grain (68.27%), powder (23.08%) or paste (8.65%). These data show that soumbara is very rich in nutrients, polyphenols and flavonoids. These results justify the numerous uses of this ingredient, both in food and in traditional medicine.

关键词： Korhogo Parkia Biglobosa Soumbara néré Seeds Manufacturing Technique nutritional Value

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Papillary Muscle Function Does not Predict Mitral Regurgitation in Patients with normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A Transesophageal Echocardiographic Study

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第2期2卷 178-183页

作者： ernest C. Madu Dainia S. Baugh Edwin Tulloch-Reid Chiranjivi Potu Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Heart Institute of the Caribbean Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sports Physiology University of Technology

Objective: To evaluate LV papillary muscles (PM) function using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and to determine the relationship between PM function and mitral regurgitation in patients with normal left ventricular sys-tolic function. Design: TEE examinations were prospectively performed. End diastolic and end systolic PM lengths were obtained from the transgastric long axis views and fractional systolic shortening (FS) was calculated. LV ejection fraction was determined using modified Simpson rule and mitral regurgitation was determined using regurgitant jet area by color flow. Setting: Tertiary Center. Patients: 85 consecutive adult patients (51 with mitral regurgitation and 34 without) with normal LV chamber dimensions and LV systolic function, meeting enrollment criteria. Results: The % FS in patients with mitral regurgitation was 21.7 ± 3.6% for anterior PM (APM) and 18.7 ± 4.6% for posterior PM (PPM). In those without mitral regurgitation, the values were as follows;22.6 ± 5.4% (APM) and 19.5 ± 3.8% (PPM). In a subgroup of patients with severe mitral regurgitation (n = 23), the values for PM FS were 20.3 ± 6.8 (APM) and 18.4 ± 6.9 % (PPM). There was no statistically significant difference in PM fractional shortening between the groups. Anterior papillary muscle length was longer in those patients with mitral regurgitation compared to those without [(End-diastolic length (cm): 3.38 ± 0.61 v 2.88 ± 0.47(p: 0.008) and end-systolic length of 2.46 ± 0.51 v 2.17 ± 0.33 (p: 0.04)]. These differences are more pronounced in those with severe mitral regurgitation (p: 0.002 and 0.004 for EDL and ESL respectively. Conclusion: In patients with normal LVEF, PM contraction is similar in those with and without MR. In patients with MR however, anterior PM length (ED & ES) is significantly increased. Our data suggests that in patients with normal LVEF, PM dysfunction appears to play no significant role in the causation of MR. Anterior papillary muscle length however, a

关键词： Mitral Regurgitation TEE Papillary Muscle LV Function

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Biology and Distribution of Mangrove Crabs in the Wouri River Estuary, Douala, Cameroon

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第4期6卷 236-248页

作者： Vanessa Maxemilie ngo-Massou Guillaume Léopold Essomè-Koum ernest Kottè-Mapoko ndongo Din 1Department of Botany Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon 2Department of Biological Sciences High Teacher’s Training College The University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Botany Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Crabs appear as the most important group of mangrove epifauna. Their distribution seems influenced by some biotic and abiotic parameters. To verify the interactions between crab populations and relevant environmental components, six mangrove sites around the city of Douala (3°40' - 4°11'n and 9°16' - 9°52'E) were selected. During six months, four 25-min independent time-biased samples methods were conducted in the plot of 4 × 4 m2 delimited inside each zonation throughout transect. The distance from plot to water and its groundwater salinity, temperature, conductivity and pH were measured. The individual sex, fresh weight and carapace size were determined. 3016 individuals were harvested (57% of females). Perisesarma kamermani was the most abundant (29%) while Chiromates angolense was the most frequent (13.47%). Cardisoma armatum was only found in Pandanus zone. Crab species number was positively correlated with tree, suggesting that the mangrove vegetation is important to the crab fauna as a habitat and food supply. Sex ratio showed a significant difference for Chiromates buetikoferi 1:2.34 (χ2 = 33.21) and for Perisesarma huzardi 1.36:1 (χ2 = 39.98). Portunus validus live closer to water between 5 - 20 m while Cardisoma armatum was found 70 m away from water. Portunus validus was present exclusively in high salinity zones whereas Perisesarma kamermani dominate in low salinity zone. This baseline ecological study of crab mangroves is important for monitoring, management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.

关键词： Abundance Diversity Frequency Sesarmidae Sex Ratio

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Electrical conduction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat ventricle

Electrical conduction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat...

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2008北京国际生理科学学术大会

作者： HOWARTH Frank JACOBSOn Mike ZILAHI Erika QURESHI Anwar ADEGHATE ernest Physiology Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesUAE UniversityAl AinUAE

Diabetic patients show a higher incidence of cardiac arrhythmias,including ventricular fibrillation and sudden death compared to non-diabetic *** electrocardiogram of diabetic patients may show several alterations from normal patterns,many of them related to the QT *** investigated electrical conduction in the ventricles of streptozotocin(STZ)induced diabetic *** mellitus(DM)was induced with a single injection of STZ(60 mg/kg bodyweight,i.p.).The electrocardiogram was measured continuously,in vivo,using a biotelemetry *** potentials were measured with a suction electrode in isolated perfused *** of mRnA transcripts for selected ion transport proteins were measured with real-time *** were performed 8-10 weeks after STZ *** project was approved by the FMHS,UAEU Ethics Committee. Diabetes was characterized by hyperglycemia(540±17 mg/dL,n=ll in diabetic rats compared to compared to 108±4 mg/dL,n=10 in age-matched controls),reduced body weight gain and heart *** and QT intervals were prolonged in diabetic rats at 8,9 and 10 weeks after STZ *** 10 weeks QRS and QT were 17.1±0.3 and 5.1±1.7 ms in diabetic compared to 15.5±0.3 and 0.6±2.1 ms in controls,*** heart rate was 170±9 BPM in diabetic compared to 221±21 BPM in *** potential durations at 50%and 70% repolarization from peak action potential in paced(5 Hz)heart were 37±5 and 56±6 ms in diabetic compared with 24±1 and 38±2 ms in controls,*** mRnA expression for KCnD2(transient outward K current)and b-subunit KCnE2(delayed rectifier,rapid K current)were significantly reduced whilst Cx40,Cx43,Cx45(gap junction),a-subunit KCnH2(delayed rectifier,rapid K current),KCnQl(delayed rectifier,slow Kcurrent)and nCX(na/Ca exchange current)were not altered in diabetic rats compared to *** of ion channels,and in particular K channels associated with action potential repolarization,

关键词： diabetes mellitus heart electrical conduction

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The Efficient Role of Dermestes in Damage of Fish in Bangui (Central African Republic)

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Advances in Entomology 2015年第3期3卷 111-117页

作者： Bolevane-Ouantinam Serge Florent Aba-Toumnou Lucie Gondi Armelle Judith Wango Solange Patricia Zinga Innocent namkosséréna Salomon Lakouèténé Didier Ponel-Béranger Kongueret ernest Semballa Silla Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology and Biodiversity University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development Bangui Central African Republic Regional Pole of Applied Research to Development Farming Systems in Central Africa (PRASAC) Djamena Chad Central African Republic Institute of Agronomical researches (ICRA) Bangui Central African Republic

A bad conservation of food is recognized as being one of the critical constraints upon food security among resource poor population across Africa. We have evaluated the traditional management of pests in fish in Central African Republic. The data were analyzed by a factor analysis of correspondence. The Group I contained sensitive species of fish to the attacks of Dermetes frishii, Dermetes lardarius and Dermestes carnivorus. There were: Labeocoubie, Mormyrus deliciosus, Polydactylus quadrifilis, Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Synodontis nigrita, Hydrocynus forskalli, Districhodus rostratus, Hydrocynus goliath and Mormyrusrume. The group II contained sensitive species of fishes to the attacks of D. maculatus. There were: Cyprinus carpio, Malapterurus electricus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Barbus occidentalis and Oreochromis mossambicus. Clariasgariecilus is the mostsensitive of dried fish to the attacks of Dermestes. Oreochromis mossambicus, Mormyrusrume and Synodontis nigrita are the last sensitive of dried fish to the attacks of Dermestes. The results showed that the tradictional management of dried fish in Central African Republic couldn’t be efficient for reducing the development of Dermestes.

关键词： Traditonal Management Pests Dried Fish

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nat Biotechnol:将人星形胶质细胞重编程为多巴胺能神经元,有助治疗帕金森病

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第17期17卷 I0003-I0004页

作者： Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo, Elisa Martín-Montañez, Enrique M Toledo, Gioele La Manno, Sara Padrell Sánchez, Sten Linnarsson ernest Arenas Roman A Romanov, Christian Pifl Tibor Harkany Roman A Romanov, Giada Spigolon, Débora Masini, Michael Feyder, Tibor Harkany Gilberto Fisone Elisa Martín-Montañez Yi-Han ng Marius Wernig Laboratory of Molecular neurobiology Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Molecular neurosciences Center for Brain Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Malaga University Malaga Spain Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA.

帕金森病是一种主要影响运动系统的神经退行性疾病。它的特征在于大脑中的多巴胺能神经元（dopaminergic neuron）渐进性丧失。尽管当前的疗法旨在补充多巴胺水平，但是没有一种疗法能够恢复这些丢失的细胞。如今。在一项新的研究中，... 详细信息

帕金森病是一种主要影响运动系统的神经退行性疾病。它的特征在于大脑中的多巴胺能神经元（dopaminergic neuron）渐进性丧失。尽管当前的疗法旨在补充多巴胺水平，但是没有一种疗法能够恢复这些丢失的细胞。如今。在一项新的研究中，来自瑞典、奥地利、西班牙和美国的研究人员开发出一种方法：将神经胶质细胞（glialcell）转化为活性的多巴胺能神经元，并且所产生的多巴胺能神经元能够部分恢复帕金森病模式小鼠的运动功能。这项概念验证研究可能为开发出一种治疗这种疾病的新方法铺平道路。

关键词：多巴胺能神经元星形胶质细胞帕金森病治疗神经退行性疾病 nat 重编程神经胶质细胞

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Comparative Performance of Microscopy and nested PCR for the Detection of Cryptosporidium Species in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2023年第1期13卷 18-31页

作者： n’Docho Assi Fiacre-Tanguy Gonédélé Bi Sery ernest Tuo Karim Bialé Marina Danielle Datcho-Gouenet Ayaud n’Guessan Tiacoh Landry Koffi Attoungbré Clément Koffi David Ako Ako Aristide Bérenger Vanga Bosson Abo Henriette Touré Offianan André Department of Parasitology Mycology Institut Pasteur Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Genetics and Species Improvement Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Department of Parasitology Mycology UFR Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Cryptosporidium spp. infection is one of the causes of diarrhea in people living with HIV/AIDS. The objective of this study is to compare the sensitivity of microscopy and molecular biology to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Patients Living With HIV (PLWH). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in three care centers for people living with HIV/AIDS in Abidjan. It took place from november 2018 to March 2020. Sociodemographic data were obtained via a questionnaire. Stool and blood samples were collected and analyzed for microscopy and nested PCR detection of Cryptosporidium spp. Blood samples were analyzed for CD4+ count. A total of 363 stool samples were collected from the three sites. Individuals aged 40 - 50 years (36.52%) were most likely to participate in the study. HIV Type 1 accounted for 86.22% of the study population. The samples collected consisted of 47.65% diarrheal stool. Microscopic examination of the stool yielded a prevalence of 3.86% for Cryptosporidium spp. while the prevalence was 3.96% with molecular identification. no statistically significant difference was observed between these two prevalences (χ2 = 0.26;p = 0.609). CD4+ count was the factor associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection for both microscopy (OR = 0.887, p = 0.001) and PCR (OR = 0.896, p = 0.001). This study demonstrated that nested PCR improves the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in patient diagnosis.

关键词： Cryptosporidium PCR Microscopy PLHIV Côte D’Ivoire

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Quantitative Review of Ecosystem Services and Disservices Studies in the Tropics

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Open Journal of Ecology 2019年第4期9卷 85-106页

作者： Evariste Rutebuka Abel Olajide Olorunnisola Olalekan John Taiwo Francis Mwaru ernest Frimpong Asamoah Emmanuel Rukundo Department of Environment Management Institute of Life and Earth Science Pan-African University (PAULESI)Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Technology Ibadan University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Geography & Environmental Studies University of Nairobi Nairobi Department of Geography University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Environment Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University North Ryde Sydney Australia State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The tropics host about 80% of the planet’s terrestrial species and over 95% of its corals. A well-known tropical forest ecosystem to provide significant global regulating services has declined at a rate of 5.5 M ha per year from 1990-2015, while another region noted an increase per year. There is evidence that tropical region ecosystem services and disservices are the least studied in the world. This study quantified peer-review papers in the tropics, then explored the neglected ecosystem type, service category, assessment mode, applied techniques and choice dependence between ecosystem type, service category, assessment mode and applied techniques. The Google Scholar and Web of Science database were used to collect all ES & ED studies available online from 1960 to December 2017. This review covered 102 countries with 578 articles. The study showed dramatic articles increase in the last three years as more than 50% of articles were published after the year of 2014. The top countries in high articles were Mexico (n = 53), India (n = 43), and Brazil (n = 35). The ES & ED assessment tools/techniques are barely applied in tropics as only social based techniques such as interviews and questionnaire take over 45%, while biophysical tools like remote sensing and GIS appeared only in 20%, InVEST only in 3% while the rest tools are less than 1% even none such as ARIES model. Urban and marine ecosystem types, disservices category and trade-off assessment mode were the least studied. The review concluded that policy analysis ES & ED studies do not reflect the trade-offs and synergy analysis between different services which hinder the development of pragmatic policy and decisions toward ES sustainable management in the tropics. The rampant urbanization in the tropics is subjected to destroy existing ES. Thus, this review highly suggested a high concern of urbanization ecosystem. This study also calls for great academic research to give attention to the tropical rainforest regio

关键词： Ecosystem Services Disservices Tropics Country-Basis Choice Dependence

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Analysis of Flood Risks Upstream from the Imboulou Hydroelectric Dam on the Léfini River, a Tributary of the Right Bank of the Congo River

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2023年第4期13卷 259-275页

作者： Shyrland Dave Bibi Jean Armand Paka Rene Josue Samba Jean Bienvenu Dinga Christian Tathy ernest Amoussou Laboratory of Mechanics Energy and Engineering Higher National Polytechnic School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo national Institute for Research in Exact and natural Sciences (IRSEn) Hydrology Laboratory Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Letters Arts and Human Sciences Physical Geography Laboratory Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Department of Environmental Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Exact Sciences Higher Teacher’s Training School Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Faculty of Letters Arts and Human Sciences University of Parakou Parakou Benin Pierre Pagney Laboratory Climate Water Ecosystem and Development (LACEEDE) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

The analysis of the risk of flooding upstream from the Imboulou hydroelectric dam on the Léfini River in the Republic of Congo-Brazzaville, focused on the evolution of annual rainfall and flow in the study area during the period from 1970 to 2020 before and after the building of the dam in 2005, by applying statistical methods. These methods were used to analyse the spatial and temporal evolution of rainfall and flow at the unique hydrometric station located at the Rn2 (national Road n°2) bridge in the village of Mbouambé in the Pool region. This work has shown that rainfall is not the cause of flooding in the Léfini catchment area. The monthly flow coefficient (MFC) showed exceptional flooding from november and December onwards after the dam was built, resulting in a variability of flows, with periods of high and low water. In addition, the annual average flow (AAF) and the maximum average flow (MAF) increased after the dam was built. Maximum average flows (MAF) were higher than annual average flows (AAF) throughout the period of study (1970-2020). The annual and monthly rainfall-runoff relationship showed changes after the dam was built, particularly from 2009 and during the months of november and December. .

关键词： Léfini River Imboulou Hydroelectric Dam Floods Monthly Flow Coefficient Annual Average Flow Maximum Average Flows

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Environmental Sanitation Practices: A Case Study of Solid Waste Management in Semi-Urban Communities in Orlu, Imo State nigeria

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2017年第4期5卷 88-105页

作者： Chukwuma B. Duru Anthony C. Iwu Kevin C. Diwe Kenechi A. Uwakwe Irene A. Merenu Ugochukwu C Madubueze Ijeoma n. Okedo-Alex Emmanuel U. ndukwu Ikechi Ohale ernest nwaigbo Department of Community Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Environmental sanitation is a fundamental process that is a key public health intervention which is essential for social, economic and overall health development of communities. Objective: To determine Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Environmental Sanitation in Semi-Urban Communities in Orlu, Imo State, nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive design using a multistage random sampling technique to select 426 participants from households and business premises in semi-urban communities in Orlu Local Government Area of Imo State. Data was collected using a pretested, semi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive analyses were done with frequencies and summary statistics to assess the respondents’ knowledge, attitude and practices of environmental sanitation. Results: The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents’ was 37.0 ± 2.2 with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. Despite high awareness about environmental sanitation (95.0%) reported among the respondents, proportion of them with good knowledge about environmental sanitation (22.9%), attitude (38.6%) and practice (20.8%) towards environmental sanitation was low. The mean quantity of waste generated per week per household or business premise was 14.1 ± 0.94 kg with a majority of the respondents (80.0%), not separating their waste before disposal. The commonest solid waste component generated was organic/perishable materials (74.8%) and the commonest disposal practice reported was open dumping (49.8%). Conclusion: A lot of attention is still required in the development of basic sanitation infrastructure and also, in the promotion of strategies or interventions that influence behavioural change towards environmental sanitation especially in developing countries like nigeria.

关键词： Knowledge Attitude Practice Environmental Sanitation Sold Waste Management nigeria

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