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Seasonal　Variations　in　the　Vertical　Structure　of　Water　Vapor　Optical　Depth　in　the　Lower　Troposphere　over　a　Tropical　Station

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1997年第1期14卷 104-111页

作者： P. ernest Raj and P.C.S. Devara Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411008, India Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India

Spatio-temporal variations of water vapor optical depth in the lower troposphere (450-3850 m) over Pune (18°32′n, 73°51′E, 559 m Above Mean Sea Level), India have been studied over a period of five years. The mean vertical structure showed that the moisture content is greatest at the lowest level and decreases with increasing altitude, except in the south-west monsoon season (June to September) where an increase upto 950 m has been found. Optical depths are maximum in the monsoon season. The increase from pre-monsoon (March-May) to monsoon season in moisture content on an average is by about 58% in the above altitude range. The temporal variations in surface Relative Humidity and optical depth at 450 m show positive correlation. The amplitude of seasonal oscillation is the largest at 1465 m altitude. The time-height cross-sections of water vapor optical depths in the lower troposphere showed a contrast between years of good and bad monsoon.

关键词： Optical depth Precipitable water

High frequency of latent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第6期9卷 863-868页

作者： ernest V.Bolko Alexei L.Pozniak Dmitrii S.Maltsev Alexei A.Suetov Irina V.nuralova St.Petersburg Branch of the Academician S.Fyodorov IRTC "Eye Microsurgery"St.Petersburg 192283Russia Department of Ophthalmology Military Medical AcademySt.Petersburg 194044Russia

AIM： To determine the frequency of detection of ocular and extraocular Chlamydia trachomatis （CT） infection in non -high myopes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment （RRD）. METHODS： This was a single-center, nonrandomized, prospective, case-control study. One hundred and four patients were divided into a study group with RRD （n= 63） and a control group with traumatic retinal detachment （n=41）. Samples of subretinal fluid （SFR）, conjunctival, urethral/cervical swabs, and blood were collected. The frequency of detection of CT infection in SRF samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, direct fluorescence assay （DFA） and cell culture, whereas that in conjunctival swabs was determined by PCR and DFA, and those in urethral/cervical swabs and blood were determined by DFA. Yates Chi-square test （with Bonferroni correction） and two-tailed Student＇s t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS： SRF CT infection was detected more frequently in the study group （50.8%-71.4%） than in the control group （9.8%-12.2%） by all the methods used （P〈 0.01）. The frequency of detection of conjunctival CT infection by DFA was higher in the RRD patients compared with the controls （81.0% vs 24.4%, P=0.004）. The PCR detected conjunctival CT infection more often in the study group than in the controls （46.0% vs89.8%, P= 0.007）. The DFA detected CT in blood specimens almost as frequently as in urogenital specimens, for the RRD patients （61.2% vs 63.5%） and the controls （7.3% vs 9.8%）. COnCLUSIOn： CT infection is detected with high frequency in non-high myopes with RRD.

关键词： rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Chlamydia trachomatis myopia latent infection

An Outbreak of Anthracnose Caused by <i>Colletotrichum gloesporioides ***. manihotis</i>in Cassava in north Western Tanzania

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第5期3卷 596-598页

作者： Magdalena n. M. William ernest R. Mbega Robert B. Mabagala African Seed Health Centre Department of Crop Science and Production Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

Severe outbreak of anthracnose diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides ***. manihotis on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) occured in north-western Tanzania in October, 2011. Thirteen cassava leaf samples with disease symptoms were collected from Maruku Agricultural Research Institute (MARI) and from farmers. The collected samples were tested for infection using Blotter method. The results indicated that, all 13 leaf samples (100%) were infected by C. gloesporioides ***. manihotis. Three isolates of the fungus per sample were subcultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) for seven days then each isolate was sprayed-inoculated onto 4-week-old sprouting leaves of cassava cuttings, var Mkombozi grown in pots in the screenhouse maintained at 27?C and relative humidity of 85% - 90%. All isolates were pathogenic on cassava and produced similar symptoms as those observed under field conditions. This is the first report of C. gloesporioides ***. manihotis a causal agent of anthracnose disease of cassava in Tanzania.

关键词： Anthracnose Incidence Cassava Pathogenicity Tests

Generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life in patients with Hirschsprung disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第13期28卷 1362-1376页

作者： Veerle Huizer naveen Wijekoon Daniëlle Roorda Jaap Oosterlaan Marc A Benninga LW ernest van Heurn Shaman Rajindrajith Joep PM Derikx Department of Pediatric Surgery Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Reproduction and DevelopmentAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Surgery University of Colombo and Department of Paediatric SurgeryLady Ridgeway Hospital for ChildrenColombo 00800Sri Lanka Department of Pediatrics Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamEmma Neuroscience GroupAmsterdam Reproduction and DevelopmentAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Pediatrics Lady Ridgeway Hospital for ChildrenColombo 00800Sri Lanka

BACKGROUnD Patients with Hirschsprung disease(HD)are at risk of persistent constipation,fecal incontinence or recurrent enterocolitis after surgical treatment,which in turn may impact physical and psychosocial *** health-related quality of life(HRQoL)and disease-specific health-related quality of life are relevant outcome measures to assess the impact of HD on the QoL of these *** To summarize all available evidence on HRQoL of patients with HD after surgery and the impact of possible moderating *** Pubmed,Web of Sciences,Psyc Info and Embase were searched with search terms related to’Hirschsprung disease’,’Pediatrics’and’Quality of life’.Mean and standard deviation of generic HRQoL overall and domain scores were extracted from each study,as well as data describing potential factors associated with *** effect models were used for meta-analytic aggregation of generic HRQoL ***-regression was used to assess the relationship between patient and clinical characteristics and generic ***-specific HRQoL outcomes of patients with HD were systematically *** Seventeen articles were included in the systematic review(n=1137 patients)and 15 in the quantitative meta-analysis(n=1024 patients).Four studies reported disease-specific ***’s age ranged between 0 and 21 ***-analytic aggregation showed a nonsignificantly impaired generic HRQoL(d=-0.168[95%CI:-0.481;0.145],P=0.293,I^(2)=94.9)in patients with HD compared to healthy ***(d=-0.042[95%CI:-0.419;0.335],P=0.829,I^(2)=95.1),psychosocial(d=-0.159[95%CI:-0.458;0.141],P=0.299,I^(2)=93.6)and social HRQoL(d=-0.092[95%CI:-0.642;0.457],P=0.742,I^(2)=92.3)were also not significantly lower compared to healthy *** was no relation between health-related outcomes and the sex of the patients and whether generic HRQoL was measured by parental proxy or ***-specific complaints of patients with HD impaired physical

关键词： Hirschsprung disease Health-related quality of life Meta-analysis Systematic review Pediatrics

Constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-6/IL-10 co-expression are associated with impaired T-cell function in tuberculosis patients

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第3期16卷 275-287页

作者： Kirstin Harling ernest Adankwah Alptekin Güler Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Louis Adu-Amoah Ertan Mayatepek Ellis Owusu-Dabo norman nausch Marc Jacobsen Department of General Pediatrics Neonatologyand Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Children’s HospitalDuesseldorf 40225Germany Kumasi Centre for collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine(KCCR) KumasiGhana School of Public Health College of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology(KNUST)KumasiGhana

T-cells critically contribute to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,and impaired T-cell responses can lead to disease ***-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines affect T-cells,and fine-tuned regulation of cytokine signaling via the Jak/STAT signaling pathways is crucial for appropriate T-cell *** STAT3 phosphorylation as a consequence of aberrant cytokine signaling has been described to occur in pathognomonic T-cell responses in inflammatory and autoimmune *** characterized blood samples from tuberculosis patients(n=28)and healthy contacts(n=28)from Ghana for ***-specific T-cell responses,constitutive cytokine production,and SOCS3 and pSTAT3 *** modulation of primary CD4+T-cells was performed to determine the effects of SOCS3 on T-cell functions.T-cells from tuberculosis patients expressed higher levels of IL-10 and IL-6 and lower levels of T helper type(TH)17 cytokines after ***-specific stimulation compared to healthy *** addition,tuberculosis patients had higher IL-10 and IL-6 levels in the supernatants of non-stimulated immune cells and plasma samples compared to healthy ***,aberrant cytokine expression was accompanied by high constitutive pSTAT3 levels and SOCS3 expression in *** analysis identified an IL-6/IL-10 co-expression-based principal component in tuberculosis patients that correlated with high pSTAT3 ***3 contributed to a regulatory component,and tuberculosis patients with high SOCS3 expression showed decreased TH1 cytokine expression and impaired IL-2-induced STAT5 ***3 over-expression in primary CD4+T-cells confirmed the SOCS3 inhibitory function on IL-2-induced STAT5 *** conclude that constitutive pSTAT3 and high SOCS3 expression are influential factors that indicate impaired T-cell functions in tuberculosis patients.

关键词： tuberculosis Interleukin-6 Interleukin-10 STAT3 SOCS3

Validation of the clinical tuberculosis screening algorithm used in nigerian national tuberculosis control programme for screening people living with HIV

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1737-1741页

作者： Emmanuel n. Aguwa Chika n. onwasigwe Joseph n. Chukwu Daniel C. Oshi Charles C. nwafor Babatunde I. Omotowo Anne C. ndu Anthony O. Meka Osa-Eloka C. Ekwueme nwachukwu C. Ugwunna Moses C. Anyim Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Background: In high HIV prevalence, tuberculosis diagnosis is challenging. Some countries hence use clinical algorithms to screen for tuberculosis in People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate the national algorithm for clinical tuberculosis screening of persons living with HIV who attend comprehensive HIV clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study of PLHIV who presented with cough of at least 2 weeks duration between 2009 and 2011 at St Patrick’s Hospital, Ebonyi State, nigeria. Sputum smear microscopy for acid fast bacilli was obtained from the participants. Results: Three hundred and twelve PLHIV were studied: 146 (46.8%) males and 166 (53.2%) females. Only 55 (17.6%) of the participants had smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Weight loss (c2 = 2.33;P = 0.127), hemoptysis (c2 = 0.03;P = 0.864), night sweats (c2 = 1.52;P = 0.218), fever (c2 = 3.49;P = 0.06), anorexia (c2 = 0.49;P = 0.484), chest pain (c2 = 2.48;P = 0.115), breathlessness (c2 = 0.63;P = 0.426) were not significant in PLHWA with/without pulmonary tuberculosis. Cough, fever, night sweat and weight loss combined gave a sensitivity of 97.0%, specificity of 10.9%, negative predictive value (nPV) of 93.3% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 21.8%. Conclusion: Findings suggest that though national screening algorithm is a valid tool to screen for tuberculosis in PLHIV, it will lead to many false positive results.

关键词： HIV Tuberculosis PLHIV Screening Tool Validation

绿肥结合保水剂施用对植烟紫色土主要理化性质和烟叶品质的影响

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绿肥结合保水剂施用对植烟紫色土主要理化性质和烟叶品质的影响

作者： ernest Uwiringiyimana 中国科学院大学(中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所)

学位级别：硕士

针对凉山州会东县植烟紫色土壤区域植烟前期干旱问题严重影响烟苗成活生长,本研究设计布局了植烟闲季的绿肥和保水剂（PAM）联合使用实验,分析了GM和PAM联合处理下植烟紫色土的理化性质,研究了当GM作为烟草种植的后茬作物时GM和PAM对烟... 详细信息

针对凉山州会东县植烟紫色土壤区域植烟前期干旱问题严重影响烟苗成活生长,本研究设计布局了植烟闲季的绿肥和保水剂（PAM）联合使用实验,分析了GM和PAM联合处理下植烟紫色土的理化性质,研究了当GM作为烟草种植的后茬作物时GM和PAM对烟叶化学品质的复合影响;为改良植烟紫色土肥力和改善烟叶品质提供实际解决方法。实验采用5×3因子设计,5水平的PAM用量,为0、30、90、150和210 kg/ha;绿肥3种,为紫花苜蓿（Medicago Sativa L.,3 kg/ha）,光叶紫花苕（Vicia Villosa Roth,3kg/ha）和白三叶草（Trifolium repens L.,2 kg/ha）,分别种植在15个田地中（每个4×2m2）,重复三次,在植烟闲季（头年10月）播种,在绿肥盛花期进行翻压回土（翌年2-3月）,植烟前（翌年4月）采集土壤进行分析,收获烟草后（翌年10月）分析烟叶品质。研究结果如下。1 PAM结合GM种植使用的土壤水分动态变化呈现出时间上的显著差异在9周的观察期内,水分峰值出现在第7周。种植白三叶、光叶紫花苕和紫花苜蓿土壤含水量峰值分别为14.0%（90 kg PAM/ha）、11.5%（30 kg PAM/ha）和9.0%（150 kg PAM/ha）干土样。此后,土壤水分含量下降。2不同GM品种和PAM施用对土壤性状改良效果显著（1）白三叶与PAM相互作用改善土壤性质的效果最明显种植过白三叶的土壤,有机质（SOM）含量随着PAM施用量的增加而增加,其含量最高为0.86±0.031%（210 kg PAM/ha）,最低含量为0.26±0.031%（对照）,差异显著。土壤中全n、有效P、全P、Mo和Cu的含量也随着PAM施用量的增加而呈线性提高,最高含量分别为0.054%（210 kg PAM/ha）、45.6 mg/kg（30 kg PAM/ha）、420 mg/kg（210 kg PAM/ha）、1.09 mg/kg（150 kg PAM/ha）和18.90 mg/kg（150 kg PAM/ha）。在研究的三种绿肥中,白三叶是引起土壤酸化程度较高的绿肥,p H从7.68降低为最低值的4.94±0.089（30 kg PAM/ha）,与未施用PAM的土壤p H（5.75±0.33）差异显著。在所有PAM处理下,紫花苜蓿对土壤p H的缓冲能力最强,其p H值为7.20±0.17～7.46±0.046,与处理前的土壤p H值7.5差异不明显。（2）不同施用量的PAM会影响不同品种GM对土壤的改良效果PAM施用量为30 kg/ha时,光叶紫花苕样地土壤的有效n含量最低（43.66±1.52mg/kg）;PAM施用量为210 kg/ha时,有效n含量最高（72.01±0.89 mg/kg）。未施用PAM时,白三叶样地的有效n含量最低（36.82±0.57 mg/kg）,PAM量为210 kg/ha时,有效n含量最高（58.52±0.57 mg/kg）。PAM施用量分别为150 kg/ha和30 kg/ha时,紫花苜蓿样地的有效n为含量最高（55.75±0.90 mg/kg）和最低（41.55±0.57～mg/kg）,差异显著。（3）PAM和GM的联合互作活化了土壤中的钙在未施PAM并种植紫花苜蓿的样地中,Ca含量为1721.83±26.65 mg/kg,施用PAM（150 kg/ha）后,Ca含量明显升高,为最高（3274.10±315.96 mg/kg）。在种植过白三叶的样地中,土壤钙的活化效果最差,Ca的平均含量为32.22±4.03～283.10±3.31 mg/kg。（4）PAM与GM结合使用显著降低了土壤中na的含量在种植过白三叶草的样地中降低土壤中na含量的效果最显著。未施用PAM时,白三叶草样地中na含量最高（2612.33±88.34 mg/kg）,PAM施用量为150 kg/ha时,na含量最低（2081.67±1.86 mg/kg）。3 PAM和GM联合使用对烟草质量的影响不同种植过白三叶的土壤,PAM用量为90 kg/ha时,烟株的上部叶片钾/氯比值最高（8.81±0.45）,烟叶质量最好,PAM用量为150 kg/ha时最低（3.04±0.74）,烟叶质量最差,差异显著。种植过光叶紫花苕的土壤,PAM的使用降低了烟草叶片质量,烟草上部叶片钾/氯比值随PAM的施用量的增加而显著降低,未施用PAM的钾/氯值最高（13.48±1.98）,施用150 kg/ha时的平均值最低（4.28±0.34）。在种植过紫花苜蓿的土壤中,不同PAM施用量对烟草植株叶片钾/氯比值无显著影响。

关键词：绿肥保水剂紫色土烟叶质量土壤理化性质

Comparative study on passive aerated in-vessel composting of food wastes with the addition of Sabah ragi

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第3期5卷 200-210页

作者： Mohd Al Mussa Ugak Abu Zahrim Yaser Junidah Lamaming ernest Kelly Subin Mariani Rajin Sariah Saalah Farrah Wong Hock Tze Sariah Abang Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia SabahJalan UMS88400 Kota KinabaluSabahMalaysia SMK Tamparuli WDT 7089259 TamparuliSabahMalaysia

The aims of this study are to determine the effect of Sabah ragi on food waste and dry leaves composting as well as to compare the composting performance from a previous study that had no addition of Sabah *** composting process was conducted using an in-vessel passive aerated bioreactor with turning every 3 days for 40 *** on the physiochemical analysis,the stability and maturity of the compost were *** such as temperature,total organic carbon,moisture content,pH,conductivity,and C/n were *** the composting process,the highest temperature of 54.2℃ and the highest heat generation rate per initial mass of compost dry matter of 4098 kJ kg^(-1) day^(-1) was achieved on day ***,when compared to previous studies,this study achieved a faster thermophilic phase(≥45℃),a longer thermophilic period(4 days),and a higher cumulative *** kinetic analysis was performed based on the TOC profile and evaluated using coefficient correlation(R^(2)).In this study,application of the second-order model resulted in good *** pathogen levels and higher nitrogen content were detected in the final compost,while some of the nutrients were not in the recommended *** estimated ragi cost of RM 1.22 was required for every 1 kg of compost with a selling price of RM 6.00/kg of compost.

关键词： Composting Ragi Passive aeration Soil conditioner In-vessel

Perceived Frequency and Importance of Elder Abuse Risk Factors in Arabic-Speaking Immigrant Communities

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Advances in Aging Research 2022年第3期11卷 78-90页

作者： Sepali Guruge ernest Leung Souhail Boutmira Souraya Sidani Daphne Cockwell School of nursing Ryerson University Toronto Canada

Background: Although the number of older immigrants and the prevalence of elder abuse are increasing in Canada, little is known about their experience of risk factors for elder abuse. This study examined Arabic-speaking older immigrants’ perception of the factors that increase the risk for elder abuse. Methods: Older Arabic-speaking women (n = 24) and men (n = 31) completed a questionnaire that inquired about the perceived frequency and importance of factors that contribute to elder abuse. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Older women identified lack of English language proficiency, social isolation, and financial dependence as the most frequent, and lack of English language proficiency, income, and sponsorship status as the most important risk factors. Older men rated social isolation, lack of English language proficiency, and financial dependence as the most frequent, and social isolation, racialized, cultural or ethnic group status, and lack of English language proficiency as the most important factors contributing to elder abuse. Conclusion: Offering language-specific services, designing tailored outreach programs to address social isolation, and addressing systemic barriers that create financial dependence can help prevent elder abuse in Arabic-speaking immigrant communities.

关键词： Arabic Canada Elder Abuse Older Adults Older Immigrants Risk Factors