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Adjuvanted vaccines against influenza in the elderly

Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 221-226页

作者： erin m. fisher Jiu JIANG Departm.nt of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Influenza is an im.ortant public health issue, especially with the aging of the population, since the m.st serious consequences of the illness affect the elderly. Between 1979 and 2001, approxim.tely 41000 annual deaths have been attributed to influenza in the United States （Dushoff, 2005）. Annual vaccination is a key strategy em.loyed to com.at this illness, and while it is very effective in healthy young adults, it is m.ch less successful in the elderly. The im.aired im.une system.with aging m.y contribute to this dim.nished ability of the vaccine to afford protection. Strategies to im.rove vaccine efficacy, particularly for the aged population, are necessary. One potential strategy is the inclusion of adjuvants in the vaccine form.lations to enhance the im.une response. Adjuvants have been shown to im.rove antibody production, allow dose-sparing, and potentially increase cross-reactivity. These benefits are im.ortant in com.ating both seasonal influenza and pandem.c influenza, as current seasonal vaccine effectiveness depends on close m.tching to the circulating virus, and fast production of pandem.c vaccines are key to their effectiveness. While m.ch is still unknown about adjuvants, especially their m.chanism. of action, their potential at im.roving the efficacy of influenza vaccines has been well recognized, particularly in the elderly.

关键词： influenza vaccine elderly adjuvant

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Neonatal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 227-232页

作者： Zhilong JIANG erin m. fisher Jiu JIANG Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19104 USA. Departm.nt of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） is the leading cause of pneum.nia and bronchiolitis in infants and is the m.st frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Efficacious vaccination has been a longstanding goal in neonates. Due to im.aturity of the neonatal im.une system. vaccination has shown lim.ted success in stim.lating the neonatal endogenous im.une system. Advances in the understanding of neonatal im.unology have resulted in renewed developm.nt of neonatal vaccination. In this article, we review recent advances in neonatal anti- RSV vaccination strategies, including active and passive vaccination approaches, with em.hasis on the effect of m.ternal neutralizing antibody and the role of m.ternal antibody in neonatal im.une m.dulations. Recent reports in a variety of antiviral vaccine anim.l m.dels have shown that m.ternal antibody, different from.conventional vaccination, plays an im.une m.dulatory role in the newborn im.une system. Active im.unization of the pregnant m.ther and the offspring can effectively stim.late and m.intain potent neonatal im.une responses, including an endogenous cytotoxic response and neutralizing antibody generation. The induced newborn endogenous antiviral im.unity can last up to 6 m.nths, and effectively blunt viral replication. Im.une com.lexes, form.d from.the integral binding of the m.ternal neutralizing antibody and viral vaccine antigen, m.y play an im.ortant role in the m.ternal antibody-m.diated neonatal im.une response. The underlying m.chanism. and future perspectives are discussed.

关键词： respiratory syncytial virus vaccination neonates m.tem.l antibody im.une com.lex

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