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Invasive grasses consistently create similar plant-soil feedback types in soils collected from geographically distant locations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第2期9卷 180-186页

作者： Lora B.Perkins Gary Hatfield erin K.Espeland department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University1 N.Campus Dr.BrookingsSD 57007USA department of Mathematics and Statistics South Dakota State University100 Admin LaneBrookingsSD 57007USA Pest Management Research Unit USDA-ARS NPARL1500 North Central AveSidneyMT 59270USA

Aims Plants of similar life forms and closely related species have been observed to create similar types of plant–soil feedbacks(PSFs).However,investigations of the consistency of PSFs within species have not yielded clear *** example,it has been reported that species create different types of PSFs in their native and introduced *** aim of this project is to examine if four species create similar PSF types from soils collected from widely distributed areas within their introduced *** soil for this project was collected from three areas in western North *** this design,we aim to determine species-and site-specific ability to create PSFs and if the type of PSF created is consistent in all soil from all three collection *** species examined are Agropyron cristatum,Centaurea solstitialis,Poa pratensis and Taeniatherum *** We used three-field collected soils(from northern Nevada,western Montana and eastern Montana)in a two-phase greenhouse experiment to quantify the type of PSFs created by four invasive *** first phase was a conditioning phase wherein each invasive species created species-specific changes to the *** second phase of the experiment was the response phase wherein both the conditioning species and a native phytometer were grown in the conditioned soil and in unconditioned(control)*** final aboveground biomass was used to evaluate the effect of conditioning and to determine the type of PSF created by each invasive *** Findings Our results suggest that three of our four study species did show consistency in relation to *** species *** and *** consistently created PSF types that benefit conspecifics more than heterospecifics(and thus are‘invasive’PSF types)and *** consistently exhibited no,or‘neutral’,*** fourth species(***)was inconsistent:in one soil,no feedback was created;in other soil,an invasive PSF was created and in t

关键词： plant-soil feedback invasion niche construction

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Revisiting classical SIR modelling in light of the COVId-19 pandemic

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Infectious disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 72-83页

作者： Leonid Kalachev erin L.Landguth Jon Graham Mathematical Sciences University of MontanaMissoulaUSA Center for Population Health Research School of Public and Community Health SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaUSA

Background:Classical infectious disease models during epidemics have widespread usage,from predicting the probability of new infections to developing vaccination plans for informing policy decisions and public health ***,it is important to correctly classify reported data and understand how this impacts estimation of model *** COVId-19 pandemic has provided an abundant amount of data that allow for thorough testing of disease modelling assumptions,as well as how we think about classical infectious disease modelling ***:We aim to assess the appropriateness of model parameter estimates and preiction results in classical infectious disease compartmental modelling frameworks given available data types(infected,active,quarantined,and recovered cases)for situations where just one data type is available to fit the *** main focus is on how model prediction results are dependent on data being assigned to the right model ***:We first use simulated data to explore parameter reliability and prediction capability with three formulations of the classical Susceptible-Infected-Removed(SIR)modelling *** then explore two applications with reported data to assess which data and models are sufficient for reliable model parameter estimation and prediction accuracy:a classical influenza outbreak in a boarding school in England and COVId-19 data from the fall of 2020 in Missoula County,Montana,***:We demonstrated the magnitude of parameter estimation errors and subsequent prediction errors resulting from data misclassification to model compartments with simulated *** showed that prediction accuracy in each formulation of the classical disease modelling framework was largely determined by correct data classification versus *** a classical example of influenza epidemics in an England boarding school,we argue that the Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered(SIQR)model is more appropriat

关键词： Basic disease reproduction number Communicable disease control Coronavirus COVId-19 disease transmission Epidemics Epidemiology Influenza data Mathematical models Montana SIR models

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Neonatal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 227-232页

作者： Zhilong JIANG erin M. FISHER Jiu JIANG department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19104 USA. department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Efficacious vaccination has been a longstanding goal in neonates. due to immaturity of the neonatal immune system, vaccination has shown limited success in stimulating the neonatal endogenous immune system. Advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology have resulted in renewed development of neonatal vaccination. In this article, we review recent advances in neonatal anti- RSV vaccination strategies, including active and passive vaccination approaches, with emphasis on the effect of maternal neutralizing antibody and the role of maternal antibody in neonatal immune modulations. Recent reports in a variety of antiviral vaccine animal models have shown that maternal antibody, different from conventional vaccination, plays an immune modulatory role in the newborn immune system. Active immunization of the pregnant mother and the offspring can effectively stimulate and maintain potent neonatal immune responses, including an endogenous cytotoxic response and neutralizing antibody generation. The induced newborn endogenous antiviral immunity can last up to 6 months, and effectively blunt viral replication. Immune complexes, formed from the integral binding of the maternal neutralizing antibody and viral vaccine antigen, may play an important role in the maternal antibody-mediated neonatal immune response. The underlying mechanisms and future perspectives are discussed.

关键词： respiratory syncytial virus vaccination neonates matemal antibody immune complex

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金钱畸形症或困扰年轻世代

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第3期 6-6页

作者： erin Lowry 孟洁冰(译) 不详

各种复杂的经济信号之下,年轻人对自身的财务状况可能过于担忧了,千禧一代和乙世代承认自己有患有“金钱畸形症”(money dysmorphia):对自身财务状况感到不安全,即使实际情况并不令人担忧。根据CreditKarma最近的一项研究,大约43%的Z世... 详细信息

各种复杂的经济信号之下,年轻人对自身的财务状况可能过于担忧了,千禧一代和乙世代承认自己有患有“金钱畸形症”(money dysmorphia):对自身财务状况感到不安全,即使实际情况并不令人担忧。根据CreditKarma最近的一项研究,大约43%的Z世代和41%的千禧一代表示,对自身财务状况的错误认识让他们痛苦。虽然这听上去可能只是另一种由6 TikTok引发的焦虑,但金钱畸形症却是实实在在的问题,可能导致人们做出错误或不明智的决定。

关键词：财务状况千禧一代畸形错误认识世代金钱

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Forest of secrets

Forest of secrets

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作者： erin Hunter.

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从个人责任到生态社会主义国家:政治经济学、公共话语和气候危机

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鄱阳湖学刊 2024年第5期 30-50,156页

作者：艾琳·弗拉纳根丹尼斯·拉斐尔杨雷(译) 加拿大约克大学加拿大约克大学健康政策与管理学院华东政法大学马克思主义学院上海201620

气候变化的不利影响已经很明显,亟需采取行动来防止全面的气候灾难。尽管研究结果表明,以丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典为代表的社会民主主义福利国家通过环境政策积极应对气候变化,这些政策与促进经济和社会安全的公共政策相辅相成,但也不太... 详细信息

气候变化的不利影响已经很明显,亟需采取行动来防止全面的气候灾难。尽管研究结果表明,以丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典为代表的社会民主主义福利国家通过环境政策积极应对气候变化,这些政策与促进经济和社会安全的公共政策相辅相成,但也不太可能避免气候灾难。避免灾难需要公众获得对能源政策的控制,并对抗化石开采行业的权力和影响力。从理论层面而言,这可以通过现有的政策工具来实现,但现实中可能需要建立后资本主义的生态社会主义国家。然而,即使在领先的生态社会主义学者那里,生态社会主义国家的轮廓仍然不确定。要实现这两种途径中的任何一种,都需要公众对此类行动有更深入的认识并予以支持。文章明确了关于气候变化的公共话语,这些话语反映了应对气候变化的进路和手段:一是个人责任;二是地方行动;三是技术官僚解决方案;四是公共政策倡导;五是平衡社会权力;六是建立后资本主义社会。尽管后两种话语最有可能支持有效的行动,但它们却是最边缘化的。

关键词：气候变化生态社会主义公共政策政治经济学加拿大

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