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What Will 5G Bring?

Engineering 2020年第7期6卷 725-727页

作者： erika K.Carlson Senior Technology Writer

Since the introduction of 1G wireless networks in the late 1970s,a new generation of wireless network technology has appeared approximately every ten years[1].Now,companies have started implementing 5G,the latest generation of wireless technology[2,3].Earlier transitions to next generation networks boosted cellular communications,mostly by speeding up service and increasing *** jump from 4G to 5G promises to bring much *** 5G will also greatly improve mobile broadband service,it will additionally provide a key platform for cutting-edge applications that go way beyond“smarter”smart phones.

关键词： smart networks service

Artificial Intelligence Can Invent But Not Patent—For Now

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Engineering 2020年第11期6卷 1212-1213页

作者： erika K.Carlson Senior Technology Writer

As artificial intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly powerful and prevalent,some engineers have begun using machine learning and AI systems in the process of invention,employing them to help design more efficient electronics,materials with improved characteristics,or even to come up with original ideas for products[1-3].But this use of AI poses a thorny legal question that is currently playing out:How should the concept of intellectual propertydesigned to encourage innovation and protect the rights of human inventors—apply to ideas created by AI?Agencies such as the United Nations'World Intellectual Property Organization are now grappling with this issue[4].

关键词： legal encourage Artificial

Labs Urged to Pre-empt Bioterrorism Threat

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当代外语研究 2004年第10期 6-5页

作者： erika Check 尚文

恐怖分子可以利用的手段是层出不穷的。为了将风险降到最低,两个非盈利组织于2月20日在华盛顿宣布要采取措施,并且敦促生化技术公司防范它们的员工或实验室成为恐怖活动的源头。然而,各个方面对此的反应却不尽相同。

关键词：恐怖活动 Labs Urged to Pre-empt Bioterrorism Threat 生化武器

应用于功率芯片封装的瞬态液相扩散连接材料与接头可靠性研究进展

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材料导报 2021年第19期35卷 19116-19124页

作者：刘璇徐红艳李红徐菊 Hodulova erika Kovarikova Ingrid 北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院北京100124 中国科学院电工研究所微纳加工与智能电气设备研究部北京100190 斯洛伐克工业大学材料科学与技术学院斯洛伐克特尔纳瓦州91701

功率半导体由于其工作电压高、电流大、放热量大等特点,已逐渐向小型化、高致密化发展。新一代宽禁带半导体器件因其优异的性能可以提高工作温度和功率密度,展现出较好的应用前景,这对与之匹配的电力封装材料提出了更高的要求。随着工... 详细信息

功率半导体由于其工作电压高、电流大、放热量大等特点,已逐渐向小型化、高致密化发展。新一代宽禁带半导体器件因其优异的性能可以提高工作温度和功率密度,展现出较好的应用前景,这对与之匹配的电力封装材料提出了更高的要求。随着工作温度的不断升高,高温环境下失稳和运行环境不稳定等安全问题亟需解决,对功率半导体芯片封装接头的高温可靠性提出了更高的要求。且由于污染严重的高铅焊料不满足环保要求,高温无铅焊料的研制与对相应连接技术的研究成为当前的研究重点。瞬态液相扩散连接(Transient liquid phase bonding,TLP bonding)技术通过在低温下焊接形成耐高温金属间化合物接头,以满足“低温连接,高温服役”的要求,在新一代功率半导体的耐高温封装方面有良好的应用前景。针对TLP技术的耐高温封装材料有Sn基、In基和Bi基等。目前TLP连接材料主要有片层状、焊膏与焊片三种形态。其中片层状TLP焊料应用最早,且国内外对于其连接机理、接头性能和可靠性已有较为成熟的研究。近些年开发的基于复合粉末的焊膏与焊片形态TLP焊料具有相对较高的反应效率,但仍需大量理论与实验研究来验证其工业应用前景。本文综述了TLP连接用Sn基与In基焊料的特点,重点阐述了不同形态焊料在TLP连接机理、接头微观组织、力学性能与结构可靠性等方面的国内外研究现状及进展,并且认为接头中缺陷问题的研究以及不同服役条件下物相转化机制和接头失效机理的研究对高可靠性接头的制备具有重要意义。

关键词：瞬态液相扩散连接功率芯片耐高温封装焊料接头可靠性

Correlates of long-term physical activity adherence in women

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第4期6卷 434-442页

作者： Haichun Sun Cheryl A. Vamos Sara S.B. Flory Rita DeBate erika L. Thompson Jennifer Bleck Department of Teaching and Learning College of Education University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA Department of Community and Family Health College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa FL 33612 USA

Background: Little is known about the factors that may influence women's adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) using longitudinal data. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of long-term physical activity(PA) participation among ***: Female data from Waves I, III, and IV(n = 5381) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health(Add Health) were used for the analysis. The outcome of PA adherence was operationalized as(1) consistently physically active(at least 5 instances during the week)in both Waves III and IV(during adulthood), and(2) consistently not physically active or only physically active in either Wave III or IV. Predictor variables from Wave I(during adolescence) included race/ethnicity, PA level, self-perception of being physically fit, general health status, attempt to change weight, parents' income level, parents' education, well-being, depression, access to PA resources, days of physical education(PE), and grade level. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the adjusted odds ratio(a OR) and 95% confidence interval(95%CI) for the outcome ***: PA levels during adolescence significantly predicted PA adherence(a OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.35–2.05). Additionally, wanting to lose weight(a OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.20–1.85), using fitness center in the neighborhood(a OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.05–1.58), and having 5 days of PE a week(a OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.09–2.02) were significant predictors. Women who did not perceive being physically fit(a OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.44–0.95)and Black, non-Hispanics(a OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44–0.82) were less likely to adhere to ***: The findings suggested that physically active adolescents were more likely to become active adults. Future research should address interventions(e.g., PE program, community resources) that may promote lifetime PA in women, with the goal of decreasing morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Females Longitudinal Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Social ecological frameworks

Breast cancer stem cells: The role of sex steroid receptors

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第9期11卷 594-603页

作者： Pia Giovannelli Marzia Di Donato Giovanni Galasso erika Di Zazzo Nicola Medici Antonio Bilancio Antimo Migliaccio Gabriella Castoria Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli"

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common cancer among women,and current available therapies often have high success ***,BC might acquire drug resistance and sometimes *** knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC,the so-called“BC stem cells”(BCSCs).The role of BCSCs in cancer formation,growth,invasiveness,therapy resistance and tumor recurrence is becoming increasingly *** growth and metastatic properties of BCSCs are regulated by different pathways,which are only partially *** steroid receptors(SSRs),which are involved in BC etiology and progression,promote BCSC proliferation,dedifferentiation and ***,in the literature,there is incomplete information about their ***,there are contrasting conclusions about the expression and role of the classical BC hormonal biomarkers,such as estrogen receptor alpha(ERα),together with scant,albeit promising information concerning ER beta(ERβ)and androgen receptor(AR)properties that control different transduction pathways in *** this review,we will discuss the role that SRs expressed in BCSCs play to BC progression and recurrence and how these findings have opened new therapeutic possibilities.

关键词： Breast cancer Steroids Sex steroid receptors Cancer stem cells Therapeutic implications

Aerobic bacteria associated with chronic suppurative otitis media in Angola

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 404-413页

作者： Fabian Udden Matuba Filipe Ake Reimer Maria Paul erika Matuschek John Thegerstrom Sven Hammerschmidt Tuula Pelkonen Kristian Riesbeck Clinical Microbiology Department of Translational MedicineFaculty of MedicineLund UniversityMalmoSweden ORL-department Hospital Josina Machel Faculty of MedicineAgostinho Neto UniversityLuandaAngola Nashalsan Höllviken AB HollvikenSweden EUCAST Development Laboratory c/o Clinical MicrobiologyCentral HospitalVaxjoSweden Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany Children’s Hospital Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Background:Chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM)is an important cause of hearing loss in children and constitutes a serious health problem globally with a strong association to resource-limited living *** antibiotics combined with aural toilet is the first-hand treatment for CSOM but antimicrobial resistance and limited availability to antibiotics are obstacles in some *** goal of this study was to define aerobic pathogens associated with CSOM in Angola with the overall aim to provide a background for local treatment ***:Samples from ear discharge and the nasopharynx were collected and cultured from 152 patients with ear discharge and perforation of the tympanic *** of bacterial species was performed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and pneumococci were serotyped using multiplex polymerase chain *** susceptibility testing was done according to ***:One hundred eighty-four samples from ear discharge and 151 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and yielded 534 and 289 individual isolates,*** all patients,correspondence rate of isolates from 2 ears in patients with bilateral disease was 27.3%and 9.3%comparing isolates from the nasopharynx and ear discharge,*** spp.(14.7%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.2%)and Enterococcus spp.(8.8%)were dominating pathogens isolated from ear discharge.A large part of the remaining species belonged to Enterobacteriaceae(23.5%).Pneumococci and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in approximately 10%of nasopharyngeal *** rates to quinolones exceeded 10%among Enterobacteriaceae and was 30.8%in ***,whereas 6.3%of *** were ***:The infection of the middle ear in CSOM is highly polymicrobial,and isolates found in nasopharynx do not correspond well with those found in ear *** associated with CSOM in Angola are dominated b

关键词： Chronic suppurative otitis media Enterobacteria Infection Otitis media Proteus Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Old-fashioned and newly discovered biomarkers:the future of NAFLD-related HCC screening and monitoring

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 415-434页

作者： Roberto Piciotti Miriam Longo Adele Agresta erika Paolini Annalisa Cespiati Marica Meroni Paola Dongiovanni General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan 20122Italy Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilano 20122Italy Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilano 20122Italy Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilano 20133Italy

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the major contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases and ranges from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which may progress into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC represents the most common liver cancer,and it is a leading cause of death worldwide with an increasing trend for the *** to late diagnosis,non-responsiveness to systemic therapy,and high cancer heterogeneity,the treatment of this malignancy is *** date,liver biopsy and ultrasound(US)are the gold standard procedures for HCC diagnosis and surveillance,although they are not suitable for mass ***,it is impelling to find new,less invasive diagnostic strategies able to detect HCC at an early stage as well as monitor tumor progression and *** and rare inherited variations that boost the switching from NASH to liver cancer may help to predict tumor ***,epigenetic changes which reflect intertumoral heterogeneity occur early in tumorigenesis and are highly stable under pathologic *** severity of hepatic injuries can be detected through the analysis of cell circulating tumor DNAs(ctDNAs),microRNAs(miRNAs),and noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),which are involved in several pathological processes that feature cancer,including cell growth,survival,and differentiation,thus representing appealing biomarkers for ***,this review discusses the current options for HCC surveillance,focusing on the role of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers as new strategies to refine HCC management.

关键词： NAFLD-HCC screening genetic biomarkers ncRNAs epigenetics early HCC detection

Pharmacogenetics of the systemic treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第29期25卷 3870-3896页

作者： Elena De Mattia erika Cecchin Michela Guardascione Luisa Foltran Tania Di Raimo Francesco Angelini Mario D’Andrea Giuseppe Toffoli Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS Aviano (PN) 33081 Italy Department of Medical Oncology Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS Aviano (PN) 33081 Italy Medical Oncology and Anatomic Pathology Unit “San Filippo Neri Hospital” Rome 00135 Italy Department of Oncology “San Filippo Neri Hospital” Rome 00135 Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of primary liver cancers. To date, most patients with HCC are diagnosed at an advanced tumor stage, excluding them from potentially curative therapies (i.e., resection, liver transplantation, percutaneous ablation). Treatments with palliative intent include chemoembolization and systemic therapy. Among systemic treatments, the small-molecule multikinase inhibitor sorafenib has been the only systemic treatment available for advanced HCC over 10 years. More recently, other smallmolecule multikinase inhibitors (e.g., regorafenib, lenvatinib, cabozantinib) have been approved for HCC treatment. The promising immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab, pembrolizumab) are still under investigation in Europe while in the US nivolumab has already been approved by FDA in sorafenib refractory or resistant patients. Other molecules, such as the selective CDK4/6inhibitors (e.g., palbociclib, ribociclib), are in earlier stages of clinical development, and the c- MET inhibitor tivantinib did not show positive results in a phase III study. However, even if the introduction of targeted agents has led to great advances in patient response and survival with an acceptable toxicity profile, a remarkable inter-individual heterogeneity in therapy outcome persists and constitutes a significant problem in disease management. Thus, the identification of biomarkers that predict which patients will benefit from a specific intervention could significantly affect decision-making and therapy planning. Germ-line variants have been suggested to play an important role in determining outcomes of HCC systemic therapy in terms of both toxicity and treatment efficacy. Particularly, a number of studies have focused on the role of genetic polymorphisms impacting the drug metabolic pathway and membrane translocation as well as the drug mechanism of action as predictive/prognostic markers of HCC treatment. The aim of this review is to summarize and

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Pharmacogenetics Genetic markers Sorafenib Regorafenib Immune checkpoint inhibitors Cytochromes UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A