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Transition Metal Aluminum Boride as a New Candidate for Ambient-Condition Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis

Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第5期12卷 106-118页

作者： Yang Fu Peter Richardson k.ngk.ng Li Hai Yu Bing Yu Scott Donne erich k.si Tianyi Ma Discipline of Chemistry School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia CSIRO Energy 10 Murray Dwyer CircuitMayfield WestNSW 2304Australia School of Environmental Science and Engineering Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350007FujianPeople’s Republic of China

Achieving more meaningful N2 conversion by reducing the energy input and carbon footprint is now being investigated through a method of N2 fixation instead of the Haber-Bosch ***,the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction(NRR)method as a rising approach currently still shows low selectivity(Faradaic efficiencyk.own as MAB phases,is reported for the electrochemical NRR for the first time,at a low applied potential(-0.05 V versus RHE)under ambient conditions and in alk.line *** to the unique nano-laminated crystal structure of the MAB phase,these inexpensive materials have been found to exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performances(NH3 yield:9.2μg h^-1cm^-2mgcat^-1.,Faradaic efficiency:30.1%)at the low overpotential,and to display a high chemical stability and sustained catalytic *** conjunction,further mechanism studies indicate B and Al as main-group metals show a highly selective affinity to N2 due to the strong interaction between the B 2p/Al 3p band and the N 2p orbitals,while Mo exhibits specific catalytic activity toward the subsequent reduction ***,the MAB-phase catalyst under the synergy of the elements within ternary compound can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and achieve enhanced NRR *** significance of this work.is to provide a promising candidate in the future synthesis of ammonia.

关键词： MAB phase N2 reduction reaction Electrocatalysis Nanostructure

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Laser back.scatter: Limitation to higher repetition rate [k.z] Satellite Laser Ranging system

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2021年第1期12卷 48-53页

作者： Farhat Iqbal G.k.rchner F.k.idl erich Leitgeb Department of Physics University of SargodhaPakistan Space Research Institute Head of Department Satellite GeodesyAustrian Academy of SciencesLustbuehelstrasse 46A-8042GrazAustria Space Research Institute Engineer at Department Planetary GeodesyAustrian Academy of Sciences HpLustbuehelstrasse 46A-8042GrazAustria Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik Institute of Microwave and Photonic EngineeringGraz University of TechnologyA-8010GrazInffeldgasse 12Austria

Satellite laser ranging(SLR)with higher repetition rate is the recent trend for its various *** back.catter(coincidence between recently transmitted pulses and received pulses near the detector)is found to be a constraint for the repetition rates higher than 20 k.z,due to,overlapping with photons returning from a satellite with the present constellation of most of the SLR *** an overlap occurs at every 75 k. satellite distance change at 2 k.z repetition rate,and remains for about 7.5 k.;for a 20 k.z system however,it will occur after every 7.5 k. and remains for 7.5 k.,resulting in constant back.catter overlap e leaving no chance to avoid *** resulting noise is 5 times more than before causing a serious problem in detection and lowers the signal to noise ratio of the overall SLR ***,decreasing energy per shot at higher repetition rates e assuming a constant power laser e the resulting back.catter may decrease fractionally.

关键词： Satellite laser ranging Higher repetition rate Noise Retro reflectors

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Flavonols Protect Arabidopsis Plants against UV-B Deleterious Effects

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1376-1379页

作者： Julia Emiliani erich Grotewold María Lorena Falcone Ferreyra Paula Casat Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI) Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 2000 Rosario Argentina Center for Applied Plant Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Molecular Genetics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Dear Editor, Flavonols are synthesized by flavonol synthase （FLS） enzymes （Martens et al., 2010）. These compounds absorb UV-B light in the 280-320-nm region and their concentration increases in plants exposed to environmental abiotic and biotic stresses, including UV-B; consequently, flavonols are thought to act as UV-B filters （Agati et al., 2011）. It has been also suggested that these metabolites function as reactive oxygen species （ROS） scavengers, as they contain an OH- group in the 3-position of the flavonoid sk.leton, which allows them to chelate metals, inhibiting the formation of free radicals and ROS accumula- tion, once formed （Agati et al., 2009）. For these reasons, it has been suggested that flavonols play uncharacterized roles in UV responses （Verdan et al., 2011）. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the role of flavonols in UV-B protection has been inferred, the protection conferred by flavonols on the target sites of UV-B-damage has not been directly proven in planta.

关键词： Arabidopsis UV-B Deleterious

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Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games:Commitments to science and public health

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 1-2页

作者： Yu Liu Barbara E.Ainsworth erich Müller k.y Laboratory of Exercise and Health Science of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Barbara E.Ainsworth Guest Editor School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Sport Science and k.nesiology University of SalzburgSalzburg5400Austria

The Beijing 24th 2022 Winter Olympic Games present a unique opportunity to promote the spirit and values of the Olympic Games in relation to their impact on physical activity and global health,sports medicine,and sports *** 2022 Winter Olympic Games mark.the 98th year since the first Winter Games were held in Chamonix,France,in *** inaugural Winter Olympic Games sponsored 16 events,and 250 athletes from 16 nations participated.1 In contrast,the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games will sponsor 109 events.

关键词： Winter Games sports

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The Formation of Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions in Arabidopsis thaliana and Implications for the Sequestration of Anthocyanin Pigments

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Molecular Plant 2010年第1期3卷 78-90页

作者： Lucille Pourcel Niloufer G. Irani Yuhua LU k.n Riedl Steve Schwartz erich Grotewold Department of Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Food Science and Technology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Present address: Department of Plant Systems Biology Flanders Institute for Biotechnology and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics GhentUniversity 9052 Ghent Belgium Current address: Department of Chemistry Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA

Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments that accumulate in the large central vacuole of most plants. Inside the vacuole, anthocyanins can be found uniformly distributed or as part of sub-vacuolar pigment bodies, the Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions （AVIs）. Using Arabidopsis seedlings grown under anthocyanin-inductive conditions as a model to un- derstand how AVIs are formed, we show here that the accumulation of AVIs strongly correlates with the formation of cyanidin 3-glucoside （C3G） and derivatives. Arabidopsis mutants that fail to glycosylate anthocyanidins at the 5-0 position （Sgt mutant） accumulate AVIs in almost every epidermal cell of the cotyledons, as compared to wild-type seedlings, where only a small fraction of the cells show AVIs. A similar phenomenon is observed when seedlings are treated with vanadate. Highlighting a role for autophagy in the formation of the AVIs, we show that various mutants that interfere with the autophagic process （atg mutants） display lower numbers of AVIs, in addition to a reduced accumulation of anthocyanins. Interestingly, vanadate increases the numbers of AVIs in the atg mutants, suggesting that several pathways might participate in AVl formation. Tak.n together, our results suggest novel mechanisms for the formation of sub-vacuolar compartments capable of accumulating anthocyanin pigments.

关键词： Anthocyanin autophagy cyanidin 3-glucoside vacuolar inclusion vanadate.

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Combined TACE and PEI for palliative treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第39期11卷 6104-6109页

作者： Gerhild Beck.r Tarik.Soezgen Manfred Olschewsk. Joerg Laubenberger Hubert erich Blum Hans-Peter Allgaier for the Hcc Study Group Department of Medicine Ⅱ Department of Medical Biometry and Statistics and Department of RadiologyUniversity Hospital FreiburgGermany

AIM： To assess whether the effectiveness of a combination of transarterial chemoembolization （TACE） and percutaneous ethanol injection （PEI） in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is superior to TACE alone a randomized controlled trial was performed. METHODS： The effect of combination therapy on longterm survival rates and duration of hospitalization was evaluated in 52 previously untreated HCCs, randomly allocated to TACE-PEI （27 pts） or TACE alone （25 pts）. RESULTS： The cumulative survival rate of the TACE group was 75.8% at 6 mo, 62.9% at 12 mo, and 18.0% at 24 mo and of the TACE-PEI group 76.9%, 61.5%, and 38.7%, respectively. Comparison of overall survival in both groups showed no statistically significant difference. Regarding the patients with HCCs Ok.da stage I （n = 26）, the median survival of the TACE-PEI group was significantly longer （〉24 mo, median not yet reached in the study period） compared to the TACE group （18.4 mo [range 11.6-21.7 mo]; P = 0.04）. TACE-PEI reduced the relative risk.for mortality to 0.4 （95% CI 0.15-0.96） compared to patients who received TACE alone. Median survival in patients with HCCs Ok.da stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ was 5.0 mo in the TACE group （1.7 rno-not defined） compared to 10.4 mo in the TACE-PEI group. CONCLUSION： The combination TACE-PEI improved survival time compared to TACE alone. Our study revealed a statistically significant improved survival in HCCs Ok.da stage I. Side effects were minor and the combination therapy did not prolong duration of hospitalization considerably.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Chemoembolization Ethanol injection Combination therapy

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Preface for special section on long-term behavior of dams

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水科学与水工程：英文版 2016年第3期9卷 173-174页

作者： Si-hong Liu erich Bauer College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Institute of Applied Mechanics Graz University of Technology

When it comes to the long-term operation of hydropowerplants, the service life of mechanical and electrical equipmentand the reliability of hydraulic engineering structures areboth crucial. The loading history and interaction of theconstruction with ground settlements, earthquak. activities andflooding, chemical reactions with water, overtopping, and thestate of weathering and aging of the construction material mayplay an important role in the safe operation of hydraulicstructures such as earth, rock.ill, and concrete dams, as wellas novel reinforced soil structures. A critical reduction ofthe safety of dams can be caused by the evolution of internalerosion, crack. in the sealing, earthquak.-induced deformations,reduction of the slope stability of earth and rock.illdams triggered by heavy rainwater infiltration, or rapid reductionof the water level in the reservoir.

关键词： hydropowerplants equipmentand

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Declaring income versus declaring taxes in tax compliance experiments:Does the design of laboratory experiments affect the results?

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Economic and Political Studies 2023年第3期11卷 334-349页

作者： Stephan Muehlbacher Andre Hartmann erich k.rchler James Alm Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria Department of Occupational Economic and Social PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria Institute for Advanced Studies ViennaAustria Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA

Laboratory experiments are frequently criticised,in part because of the sensitivity of the results to specific features of the *** paper addresses an important question regarding the k.y aspect of the experimental environment:How should the dependent variable–participants’choices–be operationalised?For the specific context of laboratory research on income tax compliance,we compare the effects of the two most common operationalisation types:the declaration of gross income versus the declaration of tax *** is found that compliance is higher when participants indicate their tax payment than when they declare their *** is also discovered that the effects of the three policy parameters of the economic model(the tax rate,audit probability and fine rate)are stronger when participants declare their taxes than when they declare their *** results are relevant for interpreting prior and future experimental evidence on tax compliance and can explain some contradictory previous *** broadly,this study suggests that the results of laboratory experiments may depend on specific features of the experimental design,which proposes a strong need for more systematic methodological research.

关键词： Laboratory experiments experimental design tax compliance tax rate audit probability fine rate

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Limb symmetry index in competitive alpine sk. racers:Reference values and injury risk.identification according to age-related performance levels

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 405-415页

作者： Lisa Steidl-Müller Carolin Hildebrandt erich Müiller Christian Fink.Christian Raschner Department of Sport Science University oflnnsbruekInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Sport Science and k.nesiology University of SalzburgSalzburg 5400Austria Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention Institute of Psychology（ISAG）The Health ＆ Life Sciences University（UMIT）Innsbruck 6020Austria Gelenk.unk.-Sports and Joint Surgery Innsbruck 6020Austria Corresponding author.E-mail address：lisa.steidl-mueller@uibk.ac.at

Purpose： The aims of this study were to assess differences of limb symmetry index （LSI） in strength- and coordination-related task. between high-level, competitive, noninjured sk. racers of different age-related performance levels and to prospectively assess limb differences as a possible risk.factor for traumatic and overuse injury in youth sk. racers. Methods： The study （Study 1） included 285 high-level competitive sk. racers （125 females, 160 males） of 3 age-related performance levels and based on the school system： 95 youth （10-14 years, secondary modem school）, 107 adolescent （15-19 years, grammar school）, and 83 elite athletes （20-34 years）. To investigate the second aim （Study 2）, 67 of the 95 youth athletes were included and any traumatic or overuse injuries were prospectively recorded over 2 seasons. All athletes performed 4 unilateral tests （strength related： one-leg counter movement jump （OL-CMJ） and one-leg isometric/isok.netic press strength test （OL-ILS）; coordination related： one-leg stability test （OL-ST） and one-leg speedy jump test （OL-SJ））. The LSI was calculated by dividing the dominant leg by the nondominant leg and multiplying by 100. k.usk.l-Wallis H tests and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results： There were significant differences between the LSI of the 3 age-related performance-level groups only in the strength-related tests： the OL-CMJ （X^2（2, 285） = 9.09; p = 0.01） and the OL-ILS （X^2（2,285） = 14.79; p 〈 0.01）. The LSI for OL-ILS was found to be a significant risk.factor for traumatic injury in youth sk. racers （Wald = 7.08; p 〈 0.01）. No significant risk.factors were found for overuse injuries. Conclusion： Younger athletes display slightly greater LSI values only in the strength-related tests. The cut-off value of limb differences of 〈 10% for return to sport decisions seems to be appropriate for elite athletes, but for youth and adolescent athletes it has to be critically discussed. It seems to be necessary to defi

关键词： Age-related performance levels Alpine sk. racing Injury risk Limb differences Youth athletes

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Spatial pattern of impervious surfaces and their impacts on land surface temperature in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 250-256页

作者： XIAO Rong-bo OUYANG Zhi-yun ZHENG Hua LI Wei-feng SCHIENk. erich W WANG Xiao-k. State k.y Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Belting 100085 China Department of Science and Technology Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA

Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with Quick.ird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outsk.rts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.

关键词： urban heat islands urban land cover normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) climate mitigation regression tree

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