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Gastric cancer: Current status of lymph node dissection

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第10期22卷 2875-2893页

作者： Maurizio Degiuli Giovanni De Manzoni Alberto Di Leo Domenico D'Ugo erica galasso Daniele Marrelli Roberto Petrioli Karol Polom Franco Roviello Francesco Santullo Mario Morino Department of Surgery University of TurinCitta della Salute e della Scienza Department of Surgery University of VeronaOspedale Borgo Trento Division of Surgery Ospedale di Arco Department of Surgery University "Cattolica del Sacro Cuore""A.Gemelli" University Hospital Department of Surgery University of Siena Department of Oncology University of Siena Department of Surgery Wielkopolskie Centrum Onkologii

D2 procedure has been accepted in Far East as the standard treatment for both early(EGC) and advanced gastric cancer(AGC) for many decades. Recently EGC has been successfully treated with endoscopy by endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection, when restricted or extended Gotoda's criteria can be applied and D1+ surgery is offered only to patients not fitted for less invasive treatment. Furthermore, two randomised controlled trials(RCTs) have been demonstrating the non inferiority of minimally invasive technique as compared to standard open surgery for the treatment of early cases and recently the feasibility of adequate D1+ dissection has been demonstrated also for the robot assisted technique. In case of AGC the debate on the extent of nodal dissection has been open for many decades. While D2 gastrectomy was performed as the standard procedure in eastern countries, mostly based on observational and retrospective studies, in the west the Medical Research Council(MRC), Dutch and Italian RCTs have been conducted to show a survival benefit of D2 over D1 with evidence based medicine. Unfortunately both the MRC and the Dutch trials failed to show a survival benefit after the D2 procedure, mostly due to the significant increase of postoperative morbidity and mortality, which was referred to splenopancreatectomy. Only 15 years after the conclusion of its accrual, the Dutch trial could report a significant decrease of recur-rence after D2 procedure. Recently the long term survival analysis of the Italian RCT could demonstrate a benefit for patients with positive nodes treated with D2 gastrectomy without splenopancreatectomy. As nowadays also in western countries D2 procedure can be done safely with pancreas preserving technique and without preventive splenectomy, it has been suggested in several national guidelines as the recommended procedure for patients with AGC.

关键词： Gastric cancer Lymph node dissection Lymphadenectomy D2 gastrectomy D1 gastrectomy D1 plus gastrectomy Robot assisted lymphadenectomy Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy

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