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long Tail Strings: Impact of the Dalkon Shield 40 Years later

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第16期4卷 996-1005页

作者： Clare l. Roepke eric A. Schaff lacusc Medical Center Los Angeles USA Philadelphia Women’s Center Philadelphia USA

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most effective, reversible and longest acting birth control method. They require no effort for compliance and avoid systemic synthetic hormones. Evidence-based effectiveness and safety studies have demonstrated IUDs rival sterilization. IUDs low cost make them the most popular method worldwide. Despite these benefits, IUDs have minimal market penetration in the United States where they are expensive, disparaged by an older generation of physicians, and withheld from teenagers, nulliparous women, and women not in mutually monogamous relationships, i.e., those who would most benefit. This article reviews the nearly forgotten history of the IUD that resulted in broadening the Food and Drug Administration’s oversight of medical devices, brought needed transparency to physicians’ conflicts of interests, uncovered a corporate scandal with a whistleblower that led to a major pharmaceutical bankruptcy, and involved 327,000 women (though only 195,000 met strict criteria for claims) in the largest US personal injury case.

关键词： IUD Dalkon Shield Review Infertility History Scandal Birth Control

Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge in the Implementation of the Principles of Asepsis in the Hospital Environment

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Open Journal of Nursing 2022年第12期12卷 842-853页

作者： Emmanuel Gasaba Vestine Niyonkuru le Béni Bugingo Thomas Zimurinda Fabien Bimenyimana Jean Népomuscène Ntirabampa Marguerite Ndikumana Bosco Ntiranyibagira eric Manirambona Nathanaël Sindayigaya Faculty of Health Sciences Hope Africa University BI-Bujumbura Burundi

Introduction: Aseptic procedures are undertaken by nurses in the general ward. The lack of nurse’s aseptic techniques in clinical setting result to patients or healthcare expositions to hospital-acquired infections which are most of the time caused by lack of knowledge or ignorance of implementing the principles of aseptic technique. This study aims to assess nurses’ knowledge and the possible barriers in the implementation of the principles of asepsis in healthcare setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the nurses’ knowledge and the possible barriers for implementing principles of asepsis in healthcare setting among. The study was carried out at Clinique Van Norm (CVN), a free Methodist Church related institution located in the north District of Bujumbura city in Burundi, from October to November, 2021 among nurses who work within three services of the clinic (Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatric and Operating room). A convenience sampling method was used to invite all nurses (44) working in the 3 services of CVN to participate in our study. A self-report method involving questionnaire completion with three components addressing demographic data, participants’ knowledge and barriers to implement the principles of asepsis was used to collect data which were later on analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: Research findings show a significant participant’s poor knowledge on principles of asepsis in the hospital as for almost variables used to assess their knowledge, they scored less than 50% except for the time of using sterile gloves in which most of the participants (71.4%) said that they do use sterile gloves when indwelling urinary catheters, labor and delivery, newborn care, wound dressing or suturing, or any time handling aseptic equipment, inserting nasogastric feeding tube... In addition, participants argued that they know the principles of asepsis (57.1%), however, only 14.3% of them were able to list at least 5 of the principles o

关键词： Asepsis Principles of Asepsis Nurses Knowledge

Assessing levels and Health Risks of Fluoride and Heavy Metal Contamination in Drinking Water

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第11期10卷 15-34页

作者： Ali Sanou Namory Méité Amadou Kouyaté Elisephane Irankunda Alfred Niamien Kouamé Aka eric Koffi Koffi Jean-Paul Bohoussou lébé Prisca M.-S. Kouakou Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouë t-Boigny (INP-HB) Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèses de l’Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN) Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouë t-Boigny (INP-HB) Laboratoire de Thermodynamique Traitement et Sciences des Surfaces et Interfaces Ingénierie et Physicochimie des Procédés et de Mécanique des Matériaux (L2-TSIPM) Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) Laboratoire des Sciences Physiques Fondamentales et Appliquées (LSPFA) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Félix Houphouë t-Boigny (UFHB) UFR SSMT Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière (LCRM) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Université Félix Houphouë t-Boigny (UFHB) UFR SSMT Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière (LCRM) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement UFR Environnement Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire School of Computer Science and Information Technology The East African University Kajiado Kenya

A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% of the sites sampled exceeded the fluoride limit for drinking water with a contamination index (CI) greater than 0. All the waters recorded concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) above the recommended values with CI > 0. However, 22.22% of the sites recorded concentrations below the standard for zinc (Zn) with IC lth showed that the chronic daily intake (CDI) of fluorine and metals was less than 1 (CDI lts and children except for Zn where the CDI > 1 for children in 22.22% of drinking water studied. HQs have an average of less than 1 for fluorine and greater than 1 for all metals. Moreover, the danger indices have values greater than 1. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (IlCR) and the total IlCR are above the recommended values. These results showed that the drinking water sampled is of poor quality due to higher levels of heavy metals, which can constitute a danger to human health. long-term use of one of these poor quality waters can lead to cancer in consumers. It is therefore necessary to treat this water in order to eliminate the metals before using it for drinking. This study can help decision-makers and competent authorities in charge of water management.

关键词： Physico-Chemical Parameters Fluoride Heavy Metals Drinking Water Sanitary Risks

Unusual colonoscopy finding:Taenia saginata proglottid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第41期13卷 5540-5541页

作者： Nayan M Patel eric l Tatar University of Medicine and Dentistry of NJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolDepartment of Internal MedicineNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States

Infection with tapeworms is a major problem in many parts of the world. Patients may be asymptomatic or have a significant morbidity depending on the species. Infection with Taenia species is sometimes found by expulsion of eggs or proglottids in stool. Species specific diagnosis of Taenia is difficult,but possible. We present a case of Taenia saginata incidentally discovered,and risk factors for transmission,diagnosis,symptoms,and treatment.

关键词：结肠镜检查术绦虫检测方法病毒感染

Research advances on internal processes affecting tropical cyclone intensity change from 2018–2022

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第1期12卷 10-29页

作者： Xiaomin Chen Christopher M.Rozoff Robert F.Rogers Kristen l.Corbosiero Dandan Tao Jian-Feng Gu Falko Judt eric A.Hendricks Yuqing Wang Michael M.Bell Daniel P.Stern Kate D.Musgrave John A.Knaff John Kaplan NOAA/OAR/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological laboratory MiamiUSA University of Alabama in Huntsville HuntsvilleUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderUSA University at Albany/State University of New York AlbanyUSA University of Bergen BergenNorway Nanjing University NanjingChina University of Reading ReadingUK University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluUSA Colorado State University Fort CollinsUSA University Corporation for Atmospheric Research MontereyUSA NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research Fort CollinsUSA Department of Atmospheric and Earth Science University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleUSA

This contribution summarizes the significant progress in a variety of topic areas related to internal tropical cyclone(TC)intensity change processes over 2018–2022 from the WMO Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).These topic areas include surface and boundary layer processes;TC internal structure and microphysical processes;and,radiation interactions with *** studies better frame the uncertainty in the surface drag and enthalpy coefficients at high wind *** parameters greatly impact TC intensity and it is therefore important that more direct measurements of these boundary layer parameters are *** significant scientific strides have been made in TC boundary *** advancements have been achieved through improved coupled models,large-eddy simulations,theoretical advance-ments,and detailed *** is now clear that the research field needs to better represent the eddy viscosity throughout the depth of the boundary ***,detailed study of coherent structures in TC boundary layers will likely be a propitious direction for the research ***,in-depth observational field campaigns and assiduous data analysis have made significant headway into verifying theory and modeling studies of intensification processes related to TC vortex alignment,efficient latent heating distributions,and overall 3D *** efforts have also been made to better understand the intricate roles radiative processes play in TC evolution and intensity ***,some promising progress has been made in the development of time-dependent theories of TC intensification and the predictability of internal TC intensity ***,there have been well-earned gains in the understanding of intensity change processes intrinsic to the TC system,but the journey is not *** paper highlights some of the most relevant and important research areas that are still shedding new light into internal fa

关键词： Tropical cyclone Intensity Internal dynamics Boundary-layer processes Observations Predictability

Ethical Principles Underlying the Assessment of Indirect losses Due to Earthquakes

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第2期11卷 179-199页

作者： Jaime García-Pérez eric García-lópez Instituo de Ingeniería Ingeniería EstructuralEdif 2 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán CDMX México National Institute of Criminal Sciences Magisterio Nacional 113 Tlalpan CDMX México

The reliability optimization process in earthquake engineering requires that the expected present value of the total cost is minimized, including the initial cost as well as the damage costs caused by earthquakes, which include indirect costs. One of these costs is concerned with how much society is willing to invest for preserving human life. Ethical principles, on which to base the assessment of this cost, are presented and discussed in this work. Individual and social values are analyzed. Finally, an optimal seismic design coefficient with the results obtained is calculated for a site with low seismicity.

关键词： Reliabilities Utility Indirect losses Decision-Making Seismic Coefficients

Evidence of Dichogamy in Santalum album l.

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第3期48卷 300-306页

作者： Guo-Hua Ma eric Bunn Jing-Feng Zhang Guo-Jiang Wu South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China Kings Park and Botanic Garden West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia

Flowering, fruit set, embryological development, and pollination trials were Investigated In Santslum album l. Each ovary may have three to four ovules. Mlcrosporogenesls and megasporogenesls In the same flower were synchronized at the earlier stages of flower development. However, at anthesls, when pollen was mature, the magaspore had developed only to the stage of a one- to two-nucleus embryo sac. As the eight-nucleus embryo sac developed, some mamelon cells began to undergo programmed cell death, forming holes Into which the eight-nucleus embryo sacs extended, becoming ＂N＂ or ＂S＂ shaped. The development from a two-nucleus embryo sac to a matured eight-nucleus embryo sac lasted up to 10 d. Fruit-set from open pollination was less than 2%. The endosperm develops prior to division of the zygotic embryo and one to three embryos and endosperms were formed In the same fruit. A mature seed usually germinates to produce one seedling; however, two and three seedlings from one seed were also observed, albeit at a low frequency. Pollination trials showed that no seed sets when Inflorescences were covered with s bag; however, artificial pollination could Improve fruit set. Our pollinaUon trials and embryological studies proved that the flower of S. album Is dlchogamous and fruit set has high heterozygosity.

关键词： dichogamy embryonic development pollination trials Santalum album.

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PlA(China) 2016年第2期31卷 87-92页

作者： eric l.Singman Nitin Daphalapurkar Helen White Thao D.Nguyen lijo Panghat Jessica Chang Timothy McCulley Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins Hospital BaltimoreMarylandUSA Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Walter Reed National Military Medical Center BethesdaMDUSA

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy(ITON) refers to optic nerve injury resulting from impact remote to the optic nerve. The mechanism of injury is not understood, and there are no confirmed protocols for prevention, mitigation or treatment. Most data concerning this condition comes from case series of civilian patients suffering blunt injury, such as from sports- or motor vehicle-related concussion, rather than military-related ballistic or blast damage. Research in this field will likely require the development of robust databases to identify patients with ITON and follow related outcomes, in addition to both in-vivo animal and virtual human models to study the mechanisms of damage and potential therapies.

关键词： Indirect trauma Optic nerve Blunt Blast Neuropathy Biomechanics Virtual model

Survey of Staphylococcus aureus in a general pediatric population and focus on isolates with three clinically relevant toxin-encoding genes

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第1期14卷 35-43页

作者： Anne Filleron Sarah Beauregard-Birba Thibault Mura Fabien Aujoulat Anne laure Michon Michel Rodière Tu Anh Tran eric Jeziorski Hélène Marchandin Department of Pediatrics Nimes University HospitalNimesFrance INSERM U1183 Team3Immune Regulationand Micr obiotaMedical University of Montpellier NimesNimesFrance laboratory ofBacter iology Montpellier University HospitalMontpellierFrance Department of Medical Information Montpellier UniversityHospitalMontpellierFrance Montpellier University UMR5569HydroSciencesMontpellierPharmacy University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Departmentof P ediatricsMontpellier University HospitalMontpellierFrance Department of Micr obiology Nimes University HospitalNimesFrance

Background In children, surveys on Staphylococcus aureus have focused on specific infections, situations or strains but no study has so far given an overview on S. aureus isolation without any selection. Here, we describe the overall bacteriologi-cal and clinical characteristics of S. aureus isolation in children, with a special focus on isolates harbouringtst,sea, and/or luk-PV genes, respectively, encoding the three clinically relevant toxins: toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, enterotoxin A and Panton–Valentine leukocidin. Methods Data associated with S. aureus isolation were reviewed: isolation site, infection status,tst,sea andluk-PV genes, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern,agr typing. Results Three hundred and seventy-seven isolates retrieved from 328 children during S. aureus infection (55.2%) or colo-nisation (44.8%) were ***,sea and luk-PV genes were amplified in 14.3, 9.5 and 5.8% of the isolates, respectively. These isolates were significantly more frequently retrieved during infection (69.1%) than colonisation but differences were observed according to isolation site. Methicillin-resistance was found in 7.2% of the isolates, 78% of which harboured ≥ 1 of the targeted toxin-encoding genes. Conclusions This first comprehensive study of S. aureus in children showed S. aureus to be mainly retrieved during infection and a high rate of colonisation, not limited to the nasopharynx. Predominant infections were skin and soft tissue infections wheretst was most frequently ***-PV was most commonly detected during bone and joint infections. Isolates harbouring targeted toxin-encoding genes were significantly associated with infections but a quarter of children were asymp-tomatic carriers representing a reservoir for dissemination of isolates with virulence potency.

关键词： Colonisation Infection Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Toxins