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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 165-170页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU EDWARD BARNES eric T. NATWICK TIAN-YECHEN DAVID RITTER THOMAS j. HENNEBERRY USDA ARS U.S. ALARC Maricopa Arizona E1 Centro California USA Agricultural Research Cotton Inc. Cary North Carolina E1 Centro California USA University of California Cooperative Extension DANR Holtville California E1 Centro California USA Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner' s Office E1 Centro California USA

An outbreak of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）, biotype B occurred in the Imperial Valley, California in 1991. The insects destroyed melon crops and seriously damaged other vegetables, ornamentals and row crops. As a result of the need for sampling technology, we developed a whitefly trap （named the CC trap） that could be left in the field for extended time periods. We used the traps to monitor populations ofB. tabaci adults during year-round samplings from 1996 to 2002 to study variations in the weekly trap catches of the insect. The greatest number ofB. tabaci adults was recorded in 1996, followed by a continuing annual decrease in trap catches each year through 2002. The overall decline of B. tabaci is attributed in part to the adoption of an integrated pest management （IPM） program initiated in 1992 and reduced melon hectares from 1996 to 2002. Other factors may also have contributed to the population reductions. Seasonally, B. tabaci trap catches decreased during the late summer and fall concurrent with decreasing minimum tempera- tares that are suggested to be a significant factor affecting seasonal activity and reproduction.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B CC trap cotton melons ornamentals

Resilient and Inclusive Prosperity within Planetary Boundaries

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China & World Economy 2014年第5期22卷 76-92页

作者： Cameron Hepburn eric Beinhocker j.Doyne Farmer Alexander Teytelboym Institute for New Economic Thinking at Oxford Martin School the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment University of Oxford the Grantham Research Institute at the London School of Economics and Political Science Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School Blavatnik School of Government University of Oxford Mathematical Institute University of Oxford University of Oxford Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The current model of economic growth generated unprecedented increases in human wealth and prosperity during the 19th and 2Oth centuries. The main mechanisms have been the rapid pace of technological and social innovation, human capital accumulation, and the conversion of resources and natural capital into more valuable forms of produced capital. However, there is evidence emerging that this model may be approaching environmental limits and planetary boundaries, and that the conversion of natural capital needs to slow down rapidly and then be reversed Some commentators have asserted that in order for this to occur, we will need to stop growing altogether and, instead, seek prosperity without growth. Others argue that environmental concerns are low-priority luxuries to be contemplated once global growth has properly returned to levels observed prior to the 2008 financial crisis. A third group argues that there is no trade-off and, instead,, promotes green growth： the （politically appealing） idea is that we can simultaneously grow and address our environmental problems. This paper provides a critical perspective on this debate and suggests that asubstantial researc＇h agenda is required to come to grips with these challenges. One place to start is with the relevant metrics： measures of per-capitawealth, and, eventually, quantitative measures of prosperity, alongside a dashboard of other sustainability indicators. A public andpoliticalfocus on wealth （a stock）, and its annual changes, could realistically complement the current focus on market-based gross output as measured by GDP （a flow）. This could have important policy implications, but deeper changes to governance and business models will be required.

关键词： green growth limits to growth planetary boundaries resilience sustainable prosperity

First report of small cell lung cancer with PTHrP-induced hypercalcemic pancreatitis causing disconnected duct syndrome

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World journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第5期8卷 420-424页

作者： eric M Montminy Stephen W Landreneau jordan j Karlitz Division of Gastroenterology Tulane University Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology LSU Health Sciences Center

Here we report a patient diagnosed with small cell lung cancer after first presenting with parathyroid hormonerelated peptide-induced hypercalcemic pancreatitis and developed walled-off necrosis that resulted in disruption of the main pancreatic *** duct syndrome (DDS) is a rare syndrome that occurs when the main pancreatic duct exocrine flow is disrupted resulting in leakage of pancreatic enzymes and further inflammatory *** date,no prior reports have described DDS occurring with paraneoplastic *** imaging techniques and therapeutic interventions are reviewed to provide insight into current approaches to DDS.

关键词： Disconnected duct syndrome Parathyroid hormone-related peptide Hypercalcemic pancreatitis

Raman spectra of fine-grained materials from first principles

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 616-622页

作者： Maxim N.Popov jürgen Spitaler Vignaswaran K.Veerapandiyan eric Bousquet jiri Hlinka Marco Deluca Materials Center Leoben(MCL)Forschung GmbH Roseggerstrasse 12A-8700 LeobenAustria Physique Théorique des Matériaux QMATCESAMUniversite de LiègeB-4000 Sart-TilmanBelgium Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicNa Slovance 218221 PragueCzech Republic

Raman spectroscopy is an advantageous method for studying the local structure of materials,but the interpretation of measured spectra is complicated by the presence of oblique phonons in polycrystals of polar *** group theory considerations and standard ab initio calculations are helpful,they are often valid only for single *** this paper,we introduce a method for computing Raman spectra of polycrystalline materials from first principles.

关键词： materials spectra principles

Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8263-8276页

作者： Brandon j Perumpail Muhammad Ali Khan eric R Yoo George Cholankeril Donghee Kim Aijaz Ahmed Department of Medicine College of MedicineDrexel University Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Health Science CenterUniversity of Tennessee Department of Medicine Santa Clara Valley Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of Medicine

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is defined as the presence of hepatic fat accumulation after the exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis, including other causes of liver disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and other conditions that may lead to hepatic steatosis. NAFLD encompasses a broad clinical spectrum ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). NAFLD is the most common liver disease in the world and NASH may soon become the most common indication for liver transplantation. Ongoing persistence of obesity with increasing rate of diabetes will increase the prevalence of NAFLD, and as this population ages, many will develop cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. There has been a general increase in the prevalence of NAFLD, with Asia leading the rise, yet the United States is following closely behind with a rising prevalence from 15% in 2005 to 25% within 5 years. NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type Ⅱ diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD is constantly evolving. Based on NAFLD subtypes, it has the potential to progress into advanced fibrosis, end-stage liver disease and HCC. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, is concerning because patients appear toexperience higher liver-related and non-liver-related mortality than the general population. The increased morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs and declining health related quality of life associated with NAFLD makes it a formidable disease, and one that requires more in-depth analysis.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Prevalence Incidence Fibrosis Risk factor Epidemiology Outcomes Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

PED Flex with Shield Technology:a feasible alternative for fusiform MCA aneurysms

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第3期3卷 185-188页

作者： Guilherme j.Agnoletto Pedro Aguilar-Salinas Roberta Santos eric Sauvageau Ricardo A.Hanel Lyerly Neurosurgery Baptist Neurological InstituteJacksonvilleFLUSA

BACKGROUND The advent of flow diverters(FDs)has changed the scope of endovascular treatment options for intracranial aneurysms(IAs).FDs can effectively treat complex aneurysms in which both microsurgical and conventional endovascular options are less than ideal.12 The Pipeline Flex Embolization Device(PED;Medtronic,Irvine,California,USA)has been available in the USA for several years demon-strating positive *** recently,the PED Flex with enhanced delivery features has been introduced,and although decreased,thromboembolic complications are still a potential risk.3 In light of this,a new surface modification was applied to the PED Flex known as Shield Technology consisting of a phosphorylcholine layer covalently bound to its metal braids potentially reducing its thrombogenicity.4 Herein,we report our initial experience using the PED Flex with Shield Technology in the treatment of an unruptured fusiform aneurysm located in the middle cerebral artery(MCA)using dual-an-tiplatelet therapy.

关键词： Flex PED MCA treatment

糖尿病相关的足病的定义和标准(2023年更新版)

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感染、炎症、修复 2024年第1期25卷 80-85页

作者： jaap j.van Netten Sicco A.Bus jan Apelqvist Pam Chen Vivienne Chuter Robert Fitridge Frances Game Robert j.Hinchliffe Peter A.Lazzarini joseph Mills Matilde Monteiro-Soares Edgar j.G.Peters Katherine M.Raspovic eric Senneville Dane K.Wukich Nicolaas C.Schaper on behalf of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot 张会峰(译) 许樟荣(审校) Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMCLocation University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program RehabilitationAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of MalmöMalmöSweden joondalup Health Campus Ramsay HealthcareSydneyAustralia Faculty of Health University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia School of Health Sciences Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Vascular and Endovascular Service Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerbyUK Department of Vascular Surgery University of BristolBristolUK School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Allied Health Research Collaborative The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneAustralia Michael E.DeBakey Department of Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular TherapyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Portuguese Red Cross School of Health–Lisbon LisbonPortugal MEDCIDS–Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informação e Decisão em Saúde Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPortoPortugal RISE@CINTESIS Faculty of Medicine Oporto UniversityPortoPortugal Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamSection of Infectious DiseasesAmsterdamthe Netherlands Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron Hospital Tourcoing Univ-lilleTourcoingFrance Div.Endocrinology MUMC+CARIM and CAPHRI InstituteMaastrichtThe Netherlands 不详河南省人民医院内分泌科河南郑州450003 战略支援部队特色医学中心北京100101

糖尿病相关的足病管理涉及多个学科,通用的专业词汇对于各学科间准确沟通交流至关重要。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)对相关文献进行了系统综述,构成了制定IWGDF指南的基础,并且明确了糖尿病相关的足病的一系列定义、标准及名词解释。本... 详细信息

糖尿病相关的足病管理涉及多个学科,通用的专业词汇对于各学科间准确沟通交流至关重要。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)对相关文献进行了系统综述,构成了制定IWGDF指南的基础,并且明确了糖尿病相关的足病的一系列定义、标准及名词解释。本文介绍2023年IWGDF对这些定义和标准的更新,并建议在临床实践和研究中一致使用,以利于世界各地不同学科人员针对糖尿病相关的足病的专业性交流。

关键词：定义糖尿病糖尿病相关的足病国际糖尿病足工作组

Model-Based Identification of Mechanical Characteristics of Sinosaurus(Theropoda) Crests

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 1-11页

作者： XING Lida WANG Yikun eric SNIVELY ZHANG jianping DONG Zhiming Michael E.BURNS Philip j.CURRIE School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of Auckland Department of Mechanical Engineering Ohio University Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada

The paired cranial crests of Sinosaurus （Theropoda） have been hypothesized as too weak to resist mechanical loads during combat. Finite element analysis （FEA） is used to test this hypothesis, first with geometry obtained through direct laser scanning of a well-preserved fossil of the crest, and then with two conceptual FE models of both crests analyzing the structure-deformation effects of fenestration. In the original fossil model, under direct loading on the dorsal faces of the crest, we found that the areas surrounding cavities on the crest experience shear stress that implies a high chance of material failure - the fracture of bone. In the conceptual model, a series of computational studies were conducted with varying loading directions. One simulation found that the shear stress and strain in the material around the cavity presented more deformation compared with the conceptual model without the cavities, and under this morphologically realistic scenario the loading conditions would result in local bone fractures. These model-based computational results indicate that the crest could not resist high loads, because it could not effectively decentralize the loading stress. Future investigations need to focus on more comprehensive computational experiments with more conditions, e.g. dynamical loading conditions, and direct palaeontological evidence.

关键词： Dinosauria Sinosaurus behavior finite element analysis

Sclerostin activity plays a key role in the negative effect of glucocorticoid signaling on osteoblast function in mice

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Bone Research 2017年第2期5卷 95-108页

作者： eric E Beier Tzong-jen Sheu Emily A Resseguie Masahiko Takahata Hani A Awad Deborah A Cory-Slechta j Edward Puzas Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester NY USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA and Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester NY USA

Stress during prenatal development is correlated with detrimental cognitive and behavioral outcomes in offspring. However, the long-term impact of prenatal stress(PS) and disrupted glucocorticoid signaling on bone mass and strength is not understood. In contrast, the detrimental effect of lead(Pb) on skeletal health is well documented. As stress and Pb act on common biological targets via glucocorticoid signaling pathways and co-occur in the environment, this study first sought to assess the combined effect of stress and Pb on bone quality in association with alterations in glucocorticoid signaling. Bone parameters were evaluated using microCT, histomorphometry, and strength determination in 8-month-old male mouse offspring subjected to PS on gestational days 16 and 17, lifetime Pb exposure(100 p.p.m. Pb in drinking water), or to both. Pb reduced trabecular bone mass and, when combined with PS, Pb unmasked an exaggerated decrement in bone mass and tensile strength. Next, to characterize a mechanism of glucocorticoid effect on bone, prednisolone was implanted subcutaneously(controlled-release pellet, 5 mg·kg^(-1) per day) in 5-month-old mice that decreased osteoblastic activity and increased sclerostin and leptin levels. Furthermore, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone alters the anabolic Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt pathway inhibitor sclerostin has several glucocorticoid response elements, and dexamethasone administration to osteoblastic cells induces sclerostin expression. Dexamethasone treatment of isolated bone marrow cells decreased bone nodule formation, whereas removal of sclerostin protected against this decrement in ***, these findings suggest that bone loss associated with steroid-induced osteoporosis is a consequence of sclerostin-mediated restriction of Wnt signaling, which may mechanistically facilitate glucocorticoid toxicity in bone.

关键词： Sclerostin prenatal negative

Miniature gastrointestinal endoscopy: Now and the future

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4051-4060页

作者： john j McGoran Mark E McAlindon Prasad G Iyer eric j Seibel Rehan Haidry Laurence B Lovat Sarmed S Sami Digestive Diseases Centre Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield S10 2JFUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN 55905United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington4000 Mason StSeattleWA 98195United States Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Since its original application,gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope,safety,accuracy,acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this area of clinical *** method of achieving this has been to reduce the caliber of endoscopic *** propose the collective term“Miniature GI Endoscopy”.In this Opinion Review,the innovations in this field are explored and *** progress and clinical use of the three main areas of miniature GI endoscopy(ultrathin endoscopy,wireless endoscopy and scanning fiber endoscopy)are *** opportunities presented by these technologies are set out in a clinical context,as are their current *** of the positive aspects of miniature endoscopy are clear,in that smaller devices provide access to potentially all of the alimentary canal,while conferring high patient *** must be balanced with the costs of new technologies and recognition of device specific *** on future application are also considered and the efforts being made to bring new innovations to a clinical platform are *** devices demonstrate that miniature GI endoscopy has a valuable place in investigation of symptoms,therapeutic intervention and *** technologies give promise that the potential for enhancing the investigation and management of GI complaints is significant.

关键词： Ultrathin endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Single fiber endoscopy