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Gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism against cannibalism and intraguild predation

Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 612-620页

作者： Claudia Roberge Bruno Frechette Genevieve Labrie Francois Dumont eric Lucas Universite du Quebec a Montreal Departement des Sciences Biologiques CP 8888 Succ. Centre Ville Montreal Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc (CEROM) 740 chemin Trudeau St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil Quebec J3G OE2 Canada

Coccinellid pupae use an array of defensive strategies against their natural enemies. This study aims to assess the efficiency of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against intraguild predators and cannibals in coccinellid. The study was designed specifically （i） to determine the natural occurrence of gregarious pupation in the field for different coccinellid species, and （ii） to evaluate the adaptive value of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against 2 types of predators （i.e., cannibals and intraguild predators）. In the field, gregarious pupation consisted of a group of 2-5 pupae. The proportion of gregarious pupation observed varied according to species, the highest rate being observed with Harmonia axyridis Pallas （Coccinellidae; 14.17%）. Gregarious pupation had no impact on the probability that intraguild predators and cannibals locate pupae. Intraguild predation occurred more often in site with gregarious pupation, while cannibalism occurred as often in site with gregarious pupation as in site with isolated pupa. However, for a specific pupa, the mortality rate was higher for isolated pupae than for pupae located in a gregarious pupation site both in the presence of intraguild predators and in the presence of cannibals. The spatial location of pupae within the group had no impact on mortality rate. Since it reduces the risk of predation, it is proposed that gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism for 11. axyridis pupae.

关键词： attack abatement Coccinellidae dilution effect encounter effect grouping behavior Pentatomidae Selfish herd

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High quality genome sequences of thirteen Hypoxylaceae(Ascomycota)strengthen the phylogenetic family backbone and enable the discovery of new taxa

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第1期106卷 7-28页

作者： Daniel Wibberg Marc Stadler Christopher Lambert Boyke Bunk Cathrin Spröer Christian Rückert jörn Kalinowski Russell jCox eric Kuhnert Center for Biotechnology(CeBiTec) Bielefeld UniversityUniversitätsstraße 2733615 BielefeldGermany Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research(HZI)and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BraunschweigGermany Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures Inhoffenstraße 7B38124 BraunschweigGermany Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research(BMWZ) Institute for Organic ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverSchneiderberg 3830167 HannoverGermany

The Hypoxylaceae(Xylariales,Ascomycota)is a diverse family of mainly saprotrophic fungi,which commonly occur in angiosperm-dominated forests around the *** their importance in forest and plant ecology as well as a prolific source of secondary metabolites and enzymes,genome sequences of related taxa are scarce and usually derived from envi-ronmental *** address this lack of knowledge thirteen taxonomically well-defined representatives of the family and one member of the closely related Xylariaceae were genome sequenced using combinations of Illumina and Oxford nanopore technologies or PacBio *** workflow leads to high quality draft genome sequences with an average N50 of 3.0 Mbp.A backbone phylogenomic tree was calculated based on the amino acid sequences of 4912 core genes reflecting the current accepted taxonomic concept of the Hypoxylaceae.A Percentage of Conserved Proteins(POCP)analysis revealed that 70%of the proteins are conserved within the family,a value with potential application for the definition of family boundaries within the order ***,Hypomontagnella spongiphila is proposed as a new marine derived lineage of *** based on in-depth genomic comparison and morphological differences of the *** results showed that both species share 95%of their genes corresponding to more than 700 strain-specific *** difference is not reflected by standard taxonomic assessments(morphology of sexual and asexual morph,chemotaxonomy,phylogeny),preventing species delimitation based on traditional *** changes are likely to be the result of environmental adaptations and selective pressure,the driving force of *** data provide an important starting point for the establishment of a stable phylogeny of the Xylariales;they enable studies on evolution,ecological behavior and biosynthesis of natural products;and they significantly advance the taxonomy of fungi.

关键词： AAI ANI Cazyme Oxford nanopore Phylogenomics POCP Xylariales

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Retrograde jejunoduodenogastric intussusception due to a replacement percutaneous gastrostomy tube presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第39期13卷 5282-5284页

作者： eric Ibegbu Manish Relan Kenneth j Vega Divisions of Gastroenterology and General Internal Medicine University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville Jacksonville FL32207 United States

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube complications can be serious or life threatening. Retrograde intussusception is a very rare complication of PEG tubes with only 9 cases reported in the literature. We describe a case of retrograde intussusception, associated with the use of a Foley catheter as a replacement gastrostomy tube, presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PEG-related retrograde intussusception successfully managed in a non-surgical manner. Retrograde intussusception likely occurred due to migration of the replacement tube with resultant securing and invagination of the proximal jejunum when the gastrostomy tube was anchored to the abdominal wall.

关键词：经皮内镜胃造瘘术肠套叠胃肠出血治疗方法

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FC-DIRECTED ANTIBODY CONjUGATION OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES FOR ENHANCED MOLECULAR TARGETING

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 387-396页

作者： ROBABEH REZAEIPOOR RENU jOHN STEVEN G.ADIE eric j.CHANEY MARINA MARjANOVIC AMY L.OLDENBURG STEPHANIE A.RINNE STEPHEN A.BOPPART Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaILUSA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering Bioengineeringand Internal Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign UrbanaILUSA

In this study, we report the fabrication of engineered iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)functionalized with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) antibody totarget the tumor antigen HER2. The Fc-directed conjugation of antibodies to the MNPs aidstheir efficient immunospecific targeting through free Fab portions. The directional specificity ofconjugation was verified on a macrophage cell line. Immunofluorescence studies on macrophagestreated with functionalized MNPs and free anti-HER2 antibody revealed that the antibodymolecules bind to the MNPs predominantly through their Fc portion. Different cell lines with different HER2 expression levels were used to test the specificity of our functionalized nanoprobe formolecular targeting applications. The results of cell line targeting demonstrate that these engineered MNPs are able to differentiate between cell lines with different levels of HER2 expression.

关键词： Nanoprobe molecular imaging cancer

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H<sub>2</sub>Gas Charging of Zero-Valent Iron and TCE Degradation

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journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第3期3卷 272-279页

作者： Chen Zhao eric j. Reardon Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada.

Granular zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been widely used to construct permeable reactive barriers (PRB) for the in situ remediation of groundwater contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbons. In the anaerobic condition of most groundwater flow systems, iron undergoes corrosion by water and results in hydrogen gas generation. Several studies have shown that some of the hydrogen gas generated at the iron/water interface can diffuse into the iron lattice. Hydrogen gas also can be an electron donor for dechlorination of chlorinated compounds. In this study, the possibility of hydrogen gas bound in the lattice of ZVI playing a role in dehalogenation and improving the degradation efficiency of ZVI was evaluated. Two different granular irons were tested: one obtained from Quebec Metal Powders Ltd (QMP) and the other from Connelly-GPM. Ltd. For each type of iron, two samples were mixed with water and sealed in testing cells. Since the rate of hydrogen entry varies directly with the square root of the hydrogen pressure, one sample was maintained for several weeks under near-vacuum conditions to minimize the amount of hydrogen entering the iron lattice. The other sample was maintained for the same period at a hydrogen pressure of over 400 kPa to maximize the amount of hydrogen entering the iron lattice. The degradation abilities of the reacted ironsand the original iron materials were tested by running several sets of batch tests. The results of this study show little to no improvement of inorganic TCE degradation reactions due to the presence of lattice-stored hydrogen in iron material. This is probably due to the high energiesrequired to release hydrogen trapped in the iron lattice. However, there are certain chemical compounds that can promote hydrogen release from the iron lattice, and there may be bacteria that can utilize lattice-bound hydrogen to carry out dechlorination reactions.

关键词： Granular Zero-Valent Iron Hydrogen TCE Remediation Groundwater

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<i>In Vitro</i>Model Systems to Investigate Drug Resistance Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2015年第7期5卷 286-292页

作者： eric Romney Vinay j. Nagaraj Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona Department of Biochemistry Midwestern University Glendale Arizona

With a 5-year survival rate of less than 6%, the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is devastating news for any patient. Gemcitabine, the most commonly used chemotherapy drug, only improves survival by approximately 1.5 months. A major obstacle to the treatment of pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine is the development of drug resistance. To better understand the precise mechanisms by which patient tumor cells gain resistance to gemcitabine, a cell culture model system that more accurately reflects the development of drug resistance in vivo is required. In this study, cultured pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC-3 cells were subjected to two different treatment regimens. The first method—termed pulse method—involves periodically treating separate cultures of BxPC-3 cells with constant predetermined doses of gemcitabine. The second treatment regimen—termed incremental method—consists of treating BxPC-3 cells with increasing doses of gemcitabine from 10 to 100 nM. While all treated cells showed enhanced resistance to gemcitabine, low-dose pulse treatments were sufficient to produce highly drug-resistant cells as evidenced by higher IC50 measurements. Pulse treatments also resulted in slower growth rates and increased doubling time of the drug-resistant cells. Morphological changes indicate cellular abnormalities linked to likely epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance. Our preliminary results indicate that the pulse method may better simulate resistance observed in patients undergoing chemotherapy and may serve as a superior model to investigate drug-resistance. This model can also help with identification of appropriate markers that determine the presence of drug-resistant cells and help clinicians adjust treatment strategies to improve outcomes for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic Cancer Gemcitabine Drug-Resistance Pulse Method Incremental Method

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Important Aspects of Controlling Sulfur Dioxide in Brewing

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中外酒业 2019年第5期 49-64页

作者： eric j. Samp Dana Sedin MillerCoors Golden CO U.S.A. New Belgium Brewing Company Fort Collins CO U.S.A.

This paper discusses the relative importance of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to brewers because there are implications to beer quality, consumer health, and legal requirements. Overviews are provided on what SO2 is, its sources in beer, what quality parameters are impacted by SO2,what health implications are known, and labeling requirements. An overview of methodologies for measuring SO2 is given to educate brewers on the advantages and disadvantages of different methods with the aim to enlighten brewers to adopt a method that can be incorporated into their quality assurance program. Finally, an overview of published papers is summarized, along with general trouble-shooting guidelines for brewers to further their knowledge on controlling this critical yeast metabolite in their beers.

关键词： Controlling Sulfur Dioxide Brewing SO2

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SATB2:A versatile transcriptional regulator of craniofacial and skeleton development,neurogenesis and tumorigenesis,and its applications in regenerative medicine

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第1期9卷 95-107,I0005页

作者： Xia Huang Qiuman Chen Wenping Luo Mikhail Pakvasa Yuxin Zhang Liwen Zheng Shuang Li Zhuohui Yang Huan Zeng Fang Liang Fugui Zhang Daniel A.Hu Kevin H.Qin eric j.Wang David S.Qin Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan He Aravind Athiviraham Mostafa El Dafrawy Hongmei Zhang Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 401147PR China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences Chongqing 401147PR China Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA The Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147PR China

SATB2(special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2)is a member of the special AT-rich binding protein *** a transcription regulator,SATB2 mainly integrates higher-order chromatin ***2 expression appears to be tissue-and stage-specific,and is governed by several cellular signaling molecules and *** in branchial arches and osteoblast-lineage cells,SATB2 plays a significant role in craniofacial pattern and skeleton *** addition to regulating osteogenic differentiation,SATB2 also displays versatile functions in neural development and cancer *** an osteoinductive factor,SATB2 holds great promise in improving bone regeneration toward bone defect *** this review,we have summarized our current understanding of the physiological and pathological functions of SATB2 in craniofacial and skeleton development,neurogenesis,tumorigenesis and regenerative medicine.

关键词： Bone regeneration Development Neurogenesis SATB2 Tumorigenesis

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Role of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 22-28页

作者： eric R Kallwitz Alan McLachlan Scott j Cotler Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and can result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and progressive liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A growing body of literature implicates the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. These nuclear hormone receptors impact on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance. The aim of this review is to describe the data linking PPARα and PPARγ to NAFLD/NASH and to discuss the use of PPAR ligands for the treatment of NASH.

关键词：非酒精性脂肪肝发病机理治疗方法过氧物酶体

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First episode psychosis with extrapyramidal signs prior to antipsychotic drug treatment

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3361-3371页

作者： HONER William G LANG Donna j KOPALA Lili C MACEWAN G William SMITH Geoffrey N CHEN eric Y H CHAN Raymond C K Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Radiology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Psychiatry Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada Department of Psychiatry University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Extrapyramidal movement disorders are common in chronic schizophrenia, and may be an intrinsic feature of the illness as well as related to antipsychotic drug treatment. Similar dysfunctions at illness onset may have implications for outcome, and for under- standing the mechanisms of illness. The objectives were to examine the clinical correlates of pre-treatment movement disorders at first episode of psychosis, and determine associations with neuropsychological function and striatal structure. Never medicated subjects were recruited from consecutive admissions to Early Psychosis Programs with defined catchment areas in Hong Kong, China, and Halifax, Canada. Standardized clinical, neuropsychological and brain imaging assessments were carried out at baseline and following acute and long term treatment with typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs. At the Hong Kong site, we studied 84 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 10 with EPS). At the Halifax site, we studied 40 subjects with first episode psychosis (n = 17 with EPS), and 23 healthy comparison subjects. Subjects with movement disorders prior to treatment (EPS+) had higher total PANSS scores at baseline (mean elevation 19.9% Hong Kong, P = 0.016; 14.7% Halifax, P = 0.049). In subjects treated with atypical antipsychotics (all Halifax), EPS+ status at baseline predicted more movement disorders at long term follow up (P = 0.0005). In both cohorts, EPS+ subjects had poorer acute symptomatic treatment response assessed with the PANSS (Hong Kong P = 0.005; Halifax P = 0.017). Neuropsychological impairment related to executive dysfunction appeared greater in a small sam- ple of EPS+ subjects (Hong Kong, effect size 0.26-0.27, P jects (Halifax P = 0.042), and correlations between striatal volumes and age were different in the EPS+ group. In conclu- sion, pre-treatment EPS is present in a substantial minority of subjects with first episode psych

关键词：药物治疗精神病体外症状运动障碍每股收益神经功能精神分裂症

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