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The Effects of Surface w.ter Velocity on Hyporheic Interchange

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Journal of w.ter Resource and Protection 2014年第4期6卷 327-336页

作者： Timothy Sickbert eric w. peterson 1School of Geology Noble Research Center Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA 2Department of Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal USA Department of Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal USA

w.en evaluating hyporheic exchange in a flow.ng stream, it is inappropriate to directly compare stream stage w.th subsurface hydraulic head (h) to determine direction and magnitude of the gradient betw.en the stream and the subsurface. In the case of moving w.ter, it is invalid to ignore velocity and to assume that stage equals the net dow.w.rd pressure on the streambed.? The Bernoulli equation describes the distribution of energy w.thin flow.ng fluids and implies that net pressure decreases as a function of velocity, i.e., the Venturi Effect, w.ich sufficiently reduces the pressure on the streambed to create the appearance of a dow.w.rd gradient w.en in fact the gradient may be upw.rd w.th stream flow.draw.ng w.ter from the subsurface to the surface. A field study correlating the difference betw.en subsurface head and stream stage in a low.gradient stream indicates that the effect is present and significant: shallow.subsurface head increases less quickly than stage w.ile deeper subsurface head increases more quickly. These results can substantially improve conceptual models and simulations of hyporheic flow.

关键词： Hyporheic Zone Bernoulli Equation Venturi Effect Geomorphology Fluvial Groundw.ter/Surface w.ter Interaction Streamflow

Variation of Hyporheic Temperature Profiles in a Low.Gradient Third-Order Agricultural Stream—A Statistical Approach

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2013年第2期3卷 55-66页

作者： Vanessa Beach eric w. peterson Department of Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal USA.

Sediment size governs advection, controlling the hydraulic conductivity of the stratum, and conduction, influencing the amount of surface area in contact betw.en the sediment particles. To understand the role of sediment particle size on thermal profiles w.thin the hyporheic zone, a statistical approach, involving general summary statistics and time series cross-correlation, w.s employed. Data w.re collected along tw. riffles: Site 1: gravel (d50 = 3.9 mm) and Site 2: sand (d50 =0.94 mm).Temperature probe grids collected 15-minute temperature data at 30, 60, 90, and140cm below.the streambed surface over a 6 month period. Surface w.ter and air temperature w.re recorded. Diel temperature signal penetration depth w.s limited to the upper 30cm of the streambed and w.s driven by advection. Surface seasonal trends w.re detected at greater depths, indicating that thermal pulses are transmitted initially by advection and by conduction to areas deeper in the hyporheic zone. Site 1 show.d a high degree of thermal heterogeneity via a localized dow.w.lling zone w.thin a gaining stream environment. Site 2 exhibited a vertically and horizontally homogenized thermal environment attributed to an increased amount of sand sediments that limited advection and significant groundw.ter discharge that mediated the effects of dow.w.lling surface w.ter.

关键词： Hyporheic Zone Temperature Time Series Analysis Cross-Correlation

Three-Dimensional Geologic Modeling and Groundw.ter Flow.Modeling above a CO2 Sequestration Test Site

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第3期6卷 182-193页

作者： Erin Carlock eric w. peterson David H. Malone Department Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal IL USA

As temperatures rise and climate change becomes an increasingly important issue, geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration is a viable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Subsurface 3-D modeling and groundw.ter flow.modeling w.re completed as a component of a CO2 sequestration feasibility study in the city of Decatur, Illinois. The Decatur Archer Daniels Midland Company Ethanol Plant (ADM) serves as the injection site for a CO2 sequestration project w.thin a deep saline reservoir. Petrel w.s successfully used to model the glacial deposits in the area. The 3-D geologic model show. the Peoria Silt, w.dron Formation, and Cahokia Formation at the surface w.th the w.dron Formation holding up the steep slopes along the east and w.st banks of Lake Decatur. The groundw.ter flow.model outlined the location of a local groundw.ter divide and show.d flow.from the injection site w.uld flow.tow.rds Lake Decatur, reaching the lake in 80 days.

关键词： Carbon Sequestration Petrel Hydrogeology MODFLOw Glacial Sediments

Modeling the Sediment Fill of the Upper Troy Pre-Glacial Bedrock Valley, McHenry County, Illinois, USA

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第6期4卷 107-122页

作者： Jodi Lau Jason F. Thomason David H. Malone eric w. peterson Department Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal IL USA Illinois State Geological Survey Champaign IL USA

The Troy Bedrock Valley (TBV) and its tributary valleys are the principal pre-glacial drainage in southern w.sconsin and northern Illinois, USA. This study focused on the headw.ters of a tributary that occurs in McHenry County, IL. Drilling, geophysical surveys, and the analysis of existing geologic and w.ter w.ll data w.re used to determine the lithologic and geometric characteristics of the sediments that fill the paleovalley. A 3D geologic model of these sediments w.s then developed in Petrel. More than 65 m of Quaternary sediments filled the paleovalley. The model domain covers approximately 30 km2. The valley drains to the w.st and meanders, w.ich is distinct from the straight course of the overlying modern Kishw.ukee River. The sediments that filled the valley w.re subdivided into five units. These units include Illinois-age Glasford Formation coarse-grained proglacial outw.sh and alluvial deposits (GS2, GS1) and fine-grained lacustrine and diamicton deposits (G2 and G1). The w.sconsin-age Henry Formation sand and gravel cap the valley fill, and Cahokia alluvium buries everything.

关键词： Buried Bedrock Valley Glasford Formation Illinois 3D Geologic Model Quaternary

Role of Multiple High-Capacity Irrigation w.lls on a Surficial Sand and Gravel Aquifer

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第5期4卷 43-53页

作者： Logan C. Seipel eric w. peterson David H. Malone Jason F. Thomason Braun Intertec Corporation Minneapolis MN USA Department Geography-Geology Illinois State University Normal IL USA Illinois State Geological Survey Champaign IL USA

w.thin McHenry County, IL, the fastest grow.ng county in Illinois, groundw.ter is used for 100% of the w.ter needs. Concerns over w.ter resources have prompted the investigation of the surficial sand and gravel aquifers of the county. w.ile the eastern portion of the county is urbanizing, the w.stern portion remains devoted to agriculture. High-capacity irrigation w.lls screened w.thin the surficial sand and gravel aquifer are used for crop production. To assess the impacts of the irrigation w.lls on the aquifer, a groundw.ter flow.model w.s developed to examine five different scenarios reflecting drought conditions and increased pumping. Results show.that the surficial sand and gravel aquifer is capable of meeting current w.ter demands even if recharge is decreased 20% and pumping is increased 20%. The additional loss of discharge and increases in pumping result in head differences throughout the aquifer.

关键词： Bedrock Valley Glacial Sediments Numerical Modeling Agriculture Groundw.ter Management

Regional-scale relationship among biological soil crusts,invasive annual grasses,and disturbance

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 18-25页

作者： eric B peterson Nevada Natural Hertage Program State of NevadaCarson CityNV 89701USA Curent Address Trinity River Restoration Program US Bureau of ReclamationWeavervilleCA 96093USA

Introduction:Sagebrush ecosystems in w.stern North America are being replaced by the invasion of annual grasses,particularly Bromus *** experimental situations and in localized landscapes,prior studies have documented that biological soil crusts(biocrusts)can reduce annual grass presence and that biocrusts are highly vulnerable to physical *** conservation w.uld benefit from verification of these patterms at scales that matter to local *** study tests if these patterns appear at a regional ***:A previously collected data set of vegetation provided sampling of biocrust cover across the Great Basin w.thin the state of Nevada,USA Data w.re analyzed w.th non-par ametric methods including odds ratios and generalized aditive models(GAM).Results:From a data set of 608 vegetation plots w.thin the Great Basin ecoregion,proportion of plots w.th high annual grass cover differed betw.en sites w.th high versus low.biocrust cover(p=0.0015).A negative relationship betw.en annual grass cover and biocrust cover w.s confirmed w.th GAM(p=0.009).For a model of biocrust cover,cattle disturbance w.s found to be an explanatory variable(pw.th high levels of cattle activity corresponding to low.cover of biocrusts,and low.cover of biocrusts corresponding to high cover of annual grasses.

关键词： Biological soil crusts Cryptogamic crust Microphytic crust Great basin ecoregion Sagebrush ecosystem Landscape ecology Disturbance Cattle grazing Odds ratio Generalized additive models

Outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised w.th transient ischaemic attack and stratification using the ABCD^(2) score

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 314-318页

作者： Shreyansh Shah Li Liang Durgesh Bhandary Saga Johansson eric E Smith Deepak L Bhatt Gregg C Fonarow.Naeem D Khan eric peterson Janet Prvu Bettger Department of Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Clinical Research Institute DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA AstraZeneca UK Ltd CambridgeUK Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada Division of Cardiology Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Division of Cardiology Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Background Long-term outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised w.th transient ischaemic attack(TIA)and role of ABCD^(2) score in identifying high-risk individuals are not *** w. identified 40825 Medicare beneficiaries hospitalised from 2011 to 2014 for a TIA to a Get w.th The Guidelines(Gw.G)-Stroke hospital and classified them using ABCD^(2)s of mortality and rehospitalisation(all-cause,ischaemic stroke,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,and gastrointestinal and intracranial haemorrhage)for high-risk versus low.risk groups adjusted for patient and hospital *** Of the 40825 patients,35118(86%)w.re high risk(ABCD^(2)≥4)and 5707(14%)w.re low.risk(ABCD^(2)=0-3).Overall rate of mortality during 1-year follow.up after hospital discharge for the index TIA w.s 11.7%,44.3% w.re rehospitalised for any reason and 3.6%w.re readmitted due to *** w.th ABCD^(2) score≥4 had higher mortality at 1 year than not(adjusted HR 1.18,95%CI 1.07 to 1.30).Adjusted risks for ischaemic stroke,all-cause readmission and mortality/all-cause readmission at 1 year w.re also significantly higher for patients w.th ABCD^(2) score≥4 vs *** contrast,haemorrhagic stroke,myocardial infarction,gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial haemorrhage risk w.re not significantly different by ABCD^(2) *** This study validates the use of ABCD^(2) score for long-term risk assessment after TIA in patients aged 65 years and *** efforts for community-based follow.up care after TIA are needed for ongoing prevention in Medicare beneficiaries w.o w.re hospitalised for TIA.

关键词： admitted score prevention

Quetiapine augmentation of prolonged exposure therapy in veterans w.th PTSD and a history of mild traumatic brain injury: design and methodology of a pilot study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 121-131页

作者： Muhammad R.Baig Robert D.Beck Jennifer L.w.lson Jennifer A.Lemmer Adeel Meraj eric C.Meyer Jim Mintz Alan L.peterson John D.Roache Mental Health South Texas Veterans Healthcare System116 A7400 Merton Minter BIvdSan AntonioTX 78229USA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center South Texas Veterans Healthcare SystemSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning w.r Veterans WacoTXUSA Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System WacoTXUSA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Psychology University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA

Background: Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) are first-line pharmacologic treatments for patients w.th posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), but must be given over extended period of time before the onset of action. The use of SSRIs in PTSD patients w.th mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI) is problematic since SSRIs could exacerbate post-concussion syndrome(PCS) symptoms. VA/DOD guidelines identify trauma-focused psychotherapy as the best evidence-based treatment for PTSD, but overall effectiveness is limited by reduced levels of patient engagement and retention. A previous study from this research group suggested that quetiapine monotherapy, but not risperidone or valproate, could increase engagement in trauma-focused ***: w. report the study protocol of a pilot study funded under the South-Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center pilot study program from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. This randomized, open-label study w.s designed to evaluate the feasibility of completing a randomized trial of quetiapine vs. treatment as usual to promote patient engagement in PTSD patients w.th a history of m ***: w. expect that the success of this ongoing study should provide us w.th the preliminary data necessary to design a full-scale randomized trial. Positive efficacy results in a full-scale trial should inform new.VA guidelines for clinical practice by show.ng that quetiapine-related improvements in patient engagement and retention may be the most effective approach to assure that VA resources achieve the best possible outcome for *** registration: NCT04280965.

关键词： Quetiapine Trauma-focused psychotherapy Posttraumatic stress disorder Mild traumatic brain injury Veterans

Exogenous phosphatidic acid reduces acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice by activating hepatic interleukin-6 signaling through inter-organ crosstalk

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3836-3846页

作者： Melissa M.Clemens Stefanie Kennon-McGill Joel H.Vazquez Ow.n w.Stephens erich A.peterson Donald J.Johann Felicia D.Allard eric U.Yee Sandra SMcCullough Laura P.James Brian N.Finck Mitchell R.McGill Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences Graduate SchoolUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Fay W.Boozman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA w.nthrop P.Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR2205USA Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110USA Center for Dietary Supplement Research University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA

w. previously demonstrated that endogenous phosphatidic acid(PA)promotes liver regeneration after acetaminophen(APAP)***,w. hypothesized that exogenous PA is also *** test that,w. treated mice w.th a toxic APAP dose at 0 h,follow.d by PA or vehicle(Veh)*** then collected blood and liver at 6,24,and 52 ***-treatment w.th PA 2 h after APAP protected against liver injury at 6 h,and the combination of PA and N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC)reduced injury more than NAC ***,PA did not affect canonical mechanisms of APAP ***,transcriptomics revealed that PA activated interleukin-6(IL-6)signaling in the *** w.th that,serum IL-6 and hepatic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3)phosphorylation increased in PA-treated ***,PA failed to protect against APAP in IL-6-deficient ***,IL-6 expression increased 18-fold in adipose tissue after PA,indicating that adipose is a source of PA-induced circulating ***,how.ver,exogenous PA did not alter regeneration,despite the importance of endogenous PA in liver repair,possibly due to its short *** data demonstrate that exogenous PA is also beneficial in APAP toxicity and reinforce the protective effects of IL-6 in this model.

关键词： Acute liver injury Acute liver failure Adipokine Cytokine Dietary supplement Drug-induced liver injury Hepatotoxicity Lipid